《考研英語(yǔ)難句突破300句》28

字號(hào):

2002 Part B
    22. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind,fee-lings,traits of character,human nature,and so on.
    「譯文」 難題之一在于幾乎所有的所謂行為科學(xué)依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。
    「析句」 本句的主干為One difficulty is that,that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。在表語(yǔ)從句中,主語(yǔ)從句all of what is called behavioral science是主語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 該句包含了一些術(shù)語(yǔ),在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該注意,如behavioral science(行為科學(xué)),state of mind(心態(tài)),feelings(感情或情感),traits of character(性格特征),human nature(人性或人的本性)。trace to本意為“追溯到”,但在此處應(yīng)譯為“從……去找根源”。
    23. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
    「譯文」 行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢,部分原因是用來(lái)解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的,部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。
    「析句」 本句的主干為T(mén)he behavioral sciences have been slow to change,后面是兩個(gè)表示原因的從句,一個(gè)是partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed,一個(gè)是partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
    「講詞」 slow to change表示變化的速度慢。explanatory items表示“可作解釋的東西”,即譯成“可作解釋的依據(jù)”。
    24. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.
    「譯文」 自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明,而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開(kāi)始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。
    「析句」 本句由兩個(gè)并列分句組成,一個(gè)是The role of…years ago,一個(gè)是the selective role of… and studied.
    「講詞」 natural selection(自然選擇或自然競(jìng)擇)是進(jìn)化論(evolution)的一個(gè)重要概念。進(jìn)化論可用evolution來(lái)表示,也可說(shuō)the theory of evolution.evolution的動(dòng)詞形式是evolve,意為“發(fā)展,(使)進(jìn)展,(使)進(jìn)化”。The British political system has evolved over several centuries.(英國(guó)的政治制度是經(jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)世紀(jì)逐步發(fā)展而成的。)The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved from the ape.(社會(huì)發(fā)展史告訴我們?nèi)耸菑念?lèi)人猿進(jìn)化來(lái)的。)Within months,however,the virus had evolved into a huge risk to human health,causing severe respiratory illness in around 70% of those it encountered.(然而,在幾個(gè)月之內(nèi),病毒竟然對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康構(gòu)成了巨大的威脅,感染的人大約70%患有嚴(yán)重的呼吸疾病。)
    25. They are the possessions of the autonomous(self-governing)man of traditional theory,and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
    「譯文」 自由和尊嚴(yán)(它們)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。
    「析句」 本句由兩個(gè)并列句組成,第一句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,第二句包含一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的essential practices.
    「講詞」 credit作名詞時(shí)意為“信任,信用,聲望,榮譽(yù),學(xué)分”。Why should he get all the credit?(為什么他受到了所有人的贊揚(yáng)?)This course carries three credits.(這門(mén)課程有三個(gè)學(xué)分。)You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good.(如果你信譽(yù)良好,要取得這筆貸款就沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題了。)作動(dòng)詞時(shí),credit表示“相信,信任,把……歸給”。He is credited with the invention.(那發(fā)明歸功于他。)to be given credit for sth意為“因……而受稱(chēng)贊”。
    to hold sb responsible(accountable) for sth是一個(gè)固定搭配,表示“某人應(yīng)對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)”。Ill personally hold you responsible if the plan fails.(如果這個(gè)計(jì)劃失敗了,我會(huì)親自拿你是問(wèn)。)
    26. Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
    「譯文」 (如果)這些問(wèn)題得不到解決,研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥,解決問(wèn)題的惟一方式可能也隨之受到排斥。
    「析句」 連接詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,until可以譯為“直到……否則……”,“如果……不……”或“除非……否則……”。本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected.句中比較難以理解的成分是and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.實(shí)際上,這是一個(gè)與主干結(jié)構(gòu)并列的省略結(jié)構(gòu),完整的說(shuō)法是and possibly the only way to solve our problems(will be rejected) with it.
    a technology of behavior如果譯成“行為的技術(shù)”比較費(fèi)解,它實(shí)際上是指 a technical means of studying behavior,即“研究行為的技術(shù)手段”。
    「講詞」 resolve a problem與solve a problem意思一樣,但是resolve更強(qiáng)調(diào)決心,因此resolve的名詞形式resolution除了“解決”之外,還表示“決心,決議”。