1997 Passage 2
6. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.
「譯文」 公平地講，經(jīng)常有人也這么說加拿大和加拿大人，因此這種現(xiàn)象被看作是一種北美現(xiàn)象。
「析句」 To be fair作全句的狀語，主語是this observation，主語有兩個(gè)謂語，一個(gè)是系動(dòng)詞is，一個(gè)是should best be considered.
「講詞」 observation意為“觀察,觀測(cè)”，也表示“看法，觀點(diǎn)”。I'd like to introduce the national character of Italian through my observation at soccer stadiums.（我想介紹一下通過我在足球場(chǎng)所觀察到的意大利的國民性格。）I stand by my observation on the educational system in the United States.（我堅(jiān)持我對(duì)美國教育制度的看法。）
7. Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill,often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.
「譯文」 單獨(dú)旅行時(shí)，如果挨餓、受傷或生病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Someone是句子的主語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語（traveling alone）是其定語；if hungry,injured,or ill實(shí)際上是簡(jiǎn)略的由if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 if（he was） hungry,injured,or ill，這里作插入成分。
「講詞」 turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向,變成,求助于,致力于,開始行動(dòng)”。If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.（如果你停止閑逛，馬上開始工作，清潔工作一天就能做完。）He had to turn to his family for financial assistance.（他只得找家人給他提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。）
8. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
「譯文」 對(duì)旅行者來說，這不是一個(gè)選擇的問題；而對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚碚f，這也并非是一時(shí)的行善沖動(dòng)。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It was not a matter of choice… or merely a charitable impulse.注意表語由并列的兩部分組成，由or來連接。
「講詞」 on the part of “在……方面，對(duì)……而言”。 This represents some sort of failure on the part of the government.（對(duì)于政府來說，這就是某種失敗。）Nevertheless, this is not double standard on the part of people.（然而，對(duì)人民來說這不是雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）
impulse表示“刺激；沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”。Respect for the liberty of others is not a natural impulse in most men.（對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，尊重他人的自由并不是一種自然的本能。）She bought the dress on impulse.（她一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買了這件衣服。）
charitable意為“仁慈的；（為）慈善事業(yè)的；寬恕的”。A charitable organization can never inherit from the estate of an individual who passes on without a will.（一個(gè)慈善組織永遠(yuǎn)也不能接受未立遺囑的人所捐贈(zèng)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。）
9. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
「譯文」 許多美國人隨意表現(xiàn)出的友善不應(yīng)該被看作是表面或虛假的應(yīng)酬，而應(yīng)看作是一種文化傳統(tǒng)歷史發(fā)展的結(jié)果。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The casual friendliness should be interpreted.注意neither… nor… but結(jié)構(gòu)的使用，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“既不是……也不是……而是……”，重點(diǎn)在but之后。
「講詞」 casual意為“輕松的，隨意的”。I only have a casual acquaintance with avant-garde music.（我對(duì)先鋒派音樂略知一二。）He made a casual remark at the reception.（他在招待會(huì)上作了即席發(fā)言。）
superficial意為“膚淺的”。Only the most superficial mind would assert nowadays that man is a reasonable creature.（如今只有最簡(jiǎn)單的頭腦才會(huì)斷言人是有理智的動(dòng)物。）The manager made only a few superficial changes in the feasibility plan.（經(jīng)理只在可行性報(bào)告中做幾處無關(guān)緊要的小改動(dòng)。）
artificial意為“人工的；造作的；虛假的”。The policy no doubt set up artificial barriers against women and minorities.（這一政策無疑設(shè)置了歧視婦女和少數(shù)民族的人為障礙。）This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial colouring.（這種品牌的罐裝青豆不含人造色素。）
10. As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
「譯文」 像其他發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，在美國，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.as在句中是代詞，表示“這一情況，這一事實(shí)”。
「講詞」 as is是一個(gè)常見的表達(dá)方式。The night had turned cold,as is usual around here.（夜晚變得很冷，在這一帶經(jīng)常如此。）As is described in the picture,“l(fā)ove is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.”（如同畫中所描繪的那樣，“愛是一盞燈，在暗處更顯明亮?！保?BR> assumption意為“承擔(dān)，擔(dān)當(dāng)；假定,設(shè)想”。His assumption of power was welcomed by everyone.（他掌權(quán)為大家所歡迎。）The hostess bustled about with an assumption of authority.（女主人擺出一副權(quán)威的樣子忙來忙去。）
6. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American.
「譯文」 公平地講，經(jīng)常有人也這么說加拿大和加拿大人，因此這種現(xiàn)象被看作是一種北美現(xiàn)象。
「析句」 To be fair作全句的狀語，主語是this observation，主語有兩個(gè)謂語，一個(gè)是系動(dòng)詞is，一個(gè)是should best be considered.
「講詞」 observation意為“觀察,觀測(cè)”，也表示“看法，觀點(diǎn)”。I'd like to introduce the national character of Italian through my observation at soccer stadiums.（我想介紹一下通過我在足球場(chǎng)所觀察到的意大利的國民性格。）I stand by my observation on the educational system in the United States.（我堅(jiān)持我對(duì)美國教育制度的看法。）
7. Someone traveling alone,if hungry,injured,or ill,often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.
「譯文」 單獨(dú)旅行時(shí)，如果挨餓、受傷或生病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。
「析句」 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。Someone是句子的主語，現(xiàn)在分詞短語（traveling alone）是其定語；if hungry,injured,or ill實(shí)際上是簡(jiǎn)略的由if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 if（he was） hungry,injured,or ill，這里作插入成分。
「講詞」 turn to意為“轉(zhuǎn)向,變成,求助于,致力于,開始行動(dòng)”。If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.（如果你停止閑逛，馬上開始工作，清潔工作一天就能做完。）He had to turn to his family for financial assistance.（他只得找家人給他提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助。）
8. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
「譯文」 對(duì)旅行者來說，這不是一個(gè)選擇的問題；而對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駚碚f，這也并非是一時(shí)的行善沖動(dòng)。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是It was not a matter of choice… or merely a charitable impulse.注意表語由并列的兩部分組成，由or來連接。
「講詞」 on the part of “在……方面，對(duì)……而言”。 This represents some sort of failure on the part of the government.（對(duì)于政府來說，這就是某種失敗。）Nevertheless, this is not double standard on the part of people.（然而，對(duì)人民來說這不是雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。）
impulse表示“刺激；沖動(dòng)；推動(dòng)力”。Respect for the liberty of others is not a natural impulse in most men.（對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說，尊重他人的自由并不是一種自然的本能。）She bought the dress on impulse.（她一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買了這件衣服。）
charitable意為“仁慈的；（為）慈善事業(yè)的；寬恕的”。A charitable organization can never inherit from the estate of an individual who passes on without a will.（一個(gè)慈善組織永遠(yuǎn)也不能接受未立遺囑的人所捐贈(zèng)的財(cái)產(chǎn)。）
9. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
「譯文」 許多美國人隨意表現(xiàn)出的友善不應(yīng)該被看作是表面或虛假的應(yīng)酬，而應(yīng)看作是一種文化傳統(tǒng)歷史發(fā)展的結(jié)果。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The casual friendliness should be interpreted.注意neither… nor… but結(jié)構(gòu)的使用，這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“既不是……也不是……而是……”，重點(diǎn)在but之后。
「講詞」 casual意為“輕松的，隨意的”。I only have a casual acquaintance with avant-garde music.（我對(duì)先鋒派音樂略知一二。）He made a casual remark at the reception.（他在招待會(huì)上作了即席發(fā)言。）
superficial意為“膚淺的”。Only the most superficial mind would assert nowadays that man is a reasonable creature.（如今只有最簡(jiǎn)單的頭腦才會(huì)斷言人是有理智的動(dòng)物。）The manager made only a few superficial changes in the feasibility plan.（經(jīng)理只在可行性報(bào)告中做幾處無關(guān)緊要的小改動(dòng)。）
artificial意為“人工的；造作的；虛假的”。The policy no doubt set up artificial barriers against women and minorities.（這一政策無疑設(shè)置了歧視婦女和少數(shù)民族的人為障礙。）This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial colouring.（這種品牌的罐裝青豆不含人造色素。）
10. As is true of any developed society,in America a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
「譯文」 像其他發(fā)達(dá)國家一樣，在美國，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。
「析句」 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是a complex set of cultural signals,assumptions,and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.as在句中是代詞，表示“這一情況，這一事實(shí)”。
「講詞」 as is是一個(gè)常見的表達(dá)方式。The night had turned cold,as is usual around here.（夜晚變得很冷，在這一帶經(jīng)常如此。）As is described in the picture,“l(fā)ove is a lamp which is brighter in darker places.”（如同畫中所描繪的那樣，“愛是一盞燈，在暗處更顯明亮?！保?BR> assumption意為“承擔(dān)，擔(dān)當(dāng)；假定,設(shè)想”。His assumption of power was welcomed by everyone.（他掌權(quán)為大家所歡迎。）The hostess bustled about with an assumption of authority.（女主人擺出一副權(quán)威的樣子忙來忙去。）