六級漢譯英講義
一、漢譯英應試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達）
語法正確（避免時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復數(shù)等語法錯誤）
內(nèi)容忠實（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準確而完整地表達出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達習慣，且用詞準確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯誤，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，及時改正。
二、漢譯英專項練習
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
This substance _______________(反應速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
They _______________(計劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時態(tài)
Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動語態(tài)
The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機所取代).
The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細胞工作的方式).
When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價格大大超出了我的預料).
_______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動詞
The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).
It’s a pity. _______________(你本應該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
_______________(其實我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
I wish _______________(我年輕的時候有你們這樣的機會).
If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
—— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會上發(fā)表演說似的).
We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進醫(yī)院).
It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設立更多的流動商店).
His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).
We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
It is ridiculous that _______________(我們在一個總是下雨的國家還缺水).
It is essential that _______________(每個人都為緊急情況做好準備).
_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會濕的).
_______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now
If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
But for his help, _______________(我們就不會以這么低的價格租到房子了).
I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會花更長的時間才能算出這道題).
Were I in your place, _______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).
Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項法案早就通過了).
Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).
He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
It was a great achievement _______________(10個月建成一棟24層的樓).
It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).
It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災區(qū)人民).
The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學生).
Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學做學生會主席).
We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學到的東西應用于實踐).
The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計劃).
The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
He was surprised _______________(在這個山村遇見一個中學同學).
I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時間).
I happened _______________(在他沖進來的時候站在門口).
She doesn’t like _______________(被當作客人).
If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
We were made _______________(進屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
一、漢譯英應試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達）
語法正確（避免時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復數(shù)等語法錯誤）
內(nèi)容忠實（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準確而完整地表達出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達習慣，且用詞準確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯誤，如時態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標點符號等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，及時改正。
二、漢譯英專項練習
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
This substance _______________(反應速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
They _______________(計劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時態(tài)
Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達教堂時婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動語態(tài)
The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機所取代).
The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細胞工作的方式).
When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價格大大超出了我的預料).
_______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動詞
The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).
It’s a pity. _______________(你本應該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
_______________(其實我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
I wish _______________(我年輕的時候有你們這樣的機會).
If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
—— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會上發(fā)表演說似的).
We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進醫(yī)院).
It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設立更多的流動商店).
His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個專門委員會來檢查這個問題).
We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
It is ridiculous that _______________(我們在一個總是下雨的國家還缺水).
It is essential that _______________(每個人都為緊急情況做好準備).
_______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會濕的).
_______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now
If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
But for his help, _______________(我們就不會以這么低的價格租到房子了).
I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會花更長的時間才能算出這道題).
Were I in your place, _______________(我會毫不猶豫地抓住機會).
Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項法案早就通過了).
Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會有危險).
He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
It was a great achievement _______________(10個月建成一棟24層的樓).
It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).
It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災區(qū)人民).
The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學生).
Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學做學生會主席).
We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學到的東西應用于實踐).
The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計劃).
The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
He was surprised _______________(在這個山村遇見一個中學同學).
I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時間).
I happened _______________(在他沖進來的時候站在門口).
She doesn’t like _______________(被當作客人).
If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
We were made _______________(進屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).