漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than）
reacts three times as fast as the other one
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as）
is 49 times the size of the moon
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞）
wants to raise the rent by a third
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)）
plan to double their investment
（考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）
二、時(shí)態(tài)
or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
（考點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)）
the children had fallen asleep
（考點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)）
my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
（考點(diǎn)：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）
have been revising my resume all the morning
（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）
No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
（考點(diǎn)：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有做某事了）
He has been in the army for 5 years
（考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間）
三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
is being replaced by the computer and the projector
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）
will have been/published by the end of this year
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來完成時(shí)）
can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
（考點(diǎn)：1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
（考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn)2）
Effective measures must be taken immediately
（考點(diǎn)：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
（考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷）
You must have dreamed of something terrible
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思）
I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t + have + done”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無須發(fā)生”，“不必做”）
五、虛擬語氣
I had had your opportunities when I was young
（考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）
he had known this disease is curable
（考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法與 I wish…基本相同）
painted it blue, and without any decorations
（考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實(shí)）
measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
（考點(diǎn)：It’s (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”）
as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
（考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑）
Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
[表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]
we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
（考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等）
everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
If he had booked tickets in the way I told him
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實(shí)相反）
if I had not been interrupted
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
If it had rained, the ground would be wet
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動(dòng)詞形式）
If I had been living in New York
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
he would be dead now
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
we could not have rent a house at such a low price
（考點(diǎn)：but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
（考點(diǎn)：otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件）
this act would have been passed much earlier
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
lest he should awaken the baby
（考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬）
六、不定式
to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面）
for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等）
not to punish those students who had been late for class
（考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）
（能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）
whether to visit their son in France
（考點(diǎn)：“疑問詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）
warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語）
invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
（能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to）
to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語）
to apply what we have learned in class to practice
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語）
（不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等）
ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
American woman to explore the outer space
（考點(diǎn)：由only, last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語）
only to drop it on their own feet
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作結(jié)果狀語）
to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語）
to have taken up so much of your time
（考點(diǎn)：1. 不定式作原因狀語；2. 不定式的完成時(shí)）
to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
（考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式）
to be treated as a guest
（考點(diǎn)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式）
go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
（考點(diǎn)：不帶to的不定式）
but play bridge the whole day
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
（考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear等用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to）
七、分詞
“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語）
（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)語）
parked in the fire lane
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語）
killing thousands upon thousands of people
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語）
raising the average yield by 15 percent
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
trying to deduce its operating principle
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語）
Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語）
Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
Seen from the eyes of a young friend
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語）
Not having heard from his parents for a long time
（考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語；2.分詞的否定形式；3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
is 2.5 times greater than Force N2
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級(jí) + than）
reacts three times as fast as the other one
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as）
is 49 times the size of the moon
（考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞）
wants to raise the rent by a third
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù)）
plan to double their investment
（考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞）
二、時(shí)態(tài)
or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church
（考點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí)）
the children had fallen asleep
（考點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)）
my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside
（考點(diǎn)：將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）
have been revising my resume all the morning
（考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）
No. It has been five years since I went on holiday
（考點(diǎn)：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有做某事了）
He has been in the army for 5 years
（考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間）
三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
is being replaced by the computer and the projector
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）
will have been/published by the end of this year
（考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來完成時(shí)）
can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work
（考點(diǎn)：1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated
（考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn)2）
Effective measures must be taken immediately
（考點(diǎn)：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)）
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
but there is no answer. She can’t be at home
（考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷）
You must have dreamed of something terrible
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評(píng)論過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評(píng)的意思）
I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party
（考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t + have + done”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評(píng)論，認(rèn)為“無須發(fā)生”，“不必做”）
五、虛擬語氣
I had had your opportunities when I was young
（考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望）
he had known this disease is curable
（考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法與 I wish…基本相同）
painted it blue, and without any decorations
（考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實(shí)）
measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams
（考點(diǎn)：It’s (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”）
as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly
（考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑）
Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
the mid-term exams (should) be canceled
（考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式）
[表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]
we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining
（考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等）
everyone (should) be prepared for emergency
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
If he had booked tickets in the way I told him
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實(shí)相反）
if I had not been interrupted
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
If it had rained, the ground would be wet
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動(dòng)詞形式）
If I had been living in New York
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
he would be dead now
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
we could not have rent a house at such a low price
（考點(diǎn)：but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question
（考點(diǎn)：otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語）
I would seize the opportunity without hesitation
（考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件）
this act would have been passed much earlier
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
lest he should awaken the baby
（考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬）
六、不定式
to complete a 24-story building in 10 months
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面）
for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等）
of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area
（考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對(duì)象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等）
not to punish those students who had been late for class
（考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語；2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）
（能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish）
whether to visit their son in France
（考點(diǎn)：“疑問詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等）
warned me just now not to water flowers at noon
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語）
invited him to give us a lecture on modern art
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
（能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to）
to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university
（考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語）
to apply what we have learned in class to practice
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語）
（不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等）
ruined our plan to show the film in the open air
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
American woman to explore the outer space
（考點(diǎn)：由only, last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語）
only to drop it on their own feet
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作結(jié)果狀語）
to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village
（考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語）
to have taken up so much of your time
（考點(diǎn)：1. 不定式作原因狀語；2. 不定式的完成時(shí)）
to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in
（考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式）
to be treated as a guest
（考點(diǎn)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式）
go to the campus bookstore to buy used books
（考點(diǎn)：不帶to的不定式）
but play bridge the whole day
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room
（考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear等用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to）
七、分詞
“Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語）
（catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)語）
parked in the fire lane
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語）
killing thousands upon thousands of people
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語）
raising the average yield by 15 percent
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
trying to deduce its operating principle
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語）
Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語）
Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds
（考點(diǎn)：同上）
Seen from the eyes of a young friend
（考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語）
Not having heard from his parents for a long time
（考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語；2.分詞的否定形式；3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）