職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題：2012年職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類沖刺試卷及答案
一、詞匯選項(xiàng)
1.The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers
A. protection
B. indication
C. immunity
D. danger
2.They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.
A. solve
B. determine
C. untie
D. complete
3.The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.
A. wept
B. cried
C. ran
D. shook
4.We have got to abide by the rules.
A stick to
B. persist in
C. safeguard
D. apply
5.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.
A. extends
B. stretches
C. broadens
D. traverses
6.The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.
A. difficult
B. worried
C. anxious
D. unhappy
7.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
A. competitive
B. diligent
C. qualified
D. competent
8.These are our motives for doing it.
A. reasons
B. arguments
C. targets
D. stimuli
9.Smoking is not permitted in the office.
A. probably
B. possible
C. admitted
D. allowed
10.I feel regret about what's happened.
A. sorry
B. disappointed
C. shameful
D. disheartened
11.They always mock me because I am ugly.
A. smile at
B. look down on
C belittle
D. laugh at
12.Guests were scared when the bomb exploded.
A. frightened
B. killed
C. endangered
D. rescued
13.They are endeavoring to change society as a whole
A. trying
B. working
C. doing
D. making
14.The story was touching.
A. inspiring
B. boring
C. moving
D. frightening
15.Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children.
A. an easy
B. a playful
C. an open
D. a better二、閱讀判斷
Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
Finally, though a childs "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teachers close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
概括大意與完成句子
Heartbeat of America
1. New York － the Statue of Liberty, the skyscrapers, the beautiful shops on Fifth Avenue and the many theaters on Broadway. This is America's cultural capital. It is also her biggest city, with a population of nearly 8 million. In the summer it is hot, hot, hot and in the winter it can be very cold. Still there are hundreds of things to do and see all the year round.
2. Manhattan is the real center of the city. When people say "New York City," they usually mean Manhattan. Most of the interesting shops, buildings and museums are here. In addition, Manhattan is the scene of New York's busy night life. In 1605 the first Europeans came to Manhattan from Holland. They bought the island from the Native Americans for a few glass necklaces worth about $26 today.
3. Wall street in Manhattan is the financial heart of the USA. It is also the most important banking center in the world. It is a street of "skyscrapers." These are those incredible, high buildings, which Americans invented, and built faster and higher than anyone else. Perhaps the two most spectacular skyscrapers in New York are the two towers of the New York World Trade Center. When the sun sets, their 110 floors shine like pure gold.
4. Like every big city, New York has its own traffic system. Traffic jams can be terrible. It's usually quickest to go by subway. The New York subway is easy to use and quite cheap. The subway goes to almost every corner of Manhattan. But it is not safe to take the subway late at night because in some places you could get robbed. New York buses are also easy to use. You see more if you go by bus. There are more than 30,000 taxis in New York. They are easy to see, because they are bright yellow and carry large TAXI signs. Taxis do not go outside the city. However, they will go to the airports. In addition to the taxi fare, people give the taxi driver a tip of 15 percent of the fare's value.
5. Central Park is a beautiful green oasis in the middle of New York's concrete desert. It is surprisingly big, with lakes and woods, as well as organized recreation areas. New Yorkers love Central Park, and they use it all the time. In the winter, they go ice-skating, and in the summer roller-skating. They play ball, ride horses and have picnics. They go bicycling and boating. There is even a children's zoo, with wild birds and animals.
6. Along the east side of Central Park runs Fifth Avenue, once called "Millionaire's Row." In the 19th century, the richest men in America built their magnificent homes here. It is still the most fashionable street in the city, with famous department stores.
7. Broadway is the street where you will find New York's best-known theaters. But away from the bright lights and elegant clothes of Broadway are many smaller theaters. Their plays are called "off-Broad-way" and are often more unusual than the Broadway shows. As well as many theaters, New York has a famous opera house. This is the Metropolitan, where international stars sing from September until April. Carnegie Hall is the city's more popular concert hall. But night life in New York offers more than classical music and theater. There are hundreds of nightclubs where people go to eat and dance.
1. Paragraph 3______
2. Paragraph 4______
3. Paragraph 5______
4. Paragraph 6______
A The Financial Center of USA
B The Night Life in New York
C The Traffic Facilities of New York
D Shopping Center for the Rich
E New York － An International City
F Central Park － A Place of Recreation for the New Yorkers
5. The island of Manhattan was bought by the Hollanders from the native Americans______ .
6. Central Park is a good place where the New Yorkers can go and______ .
7. Fifth Avenue is the place______ .
8. For those play-lovers who are interested in what is unusual, the small theaters might be more attractive______ .
A do whatever they like for relaxation
B where you can play all kinds of ball games
C than the world famous Broadway
D enjoy the colorful night life of the city
E where the wealthy people would go shopping
F for what seems to be a very small sum today
閱讀理解：
第1篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.
1. The main readers of medical journals are _____
A） the general public.
B）health professionals.
C） medical critics.
D）news reporters.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A） Many medical journals also publish online.
B） A few medical journals are general medical journals.
C） Most medical journals publish only online.
D） Most medical journals are specialty journals.
3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A） Five.
B） Seven.
C） Four.
D） Six.
4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called ______
A） a research article.
B） a review article.
C） a case report.
D） an editorial.
5. Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on ______
A） any medical event.
B） articles published in the same issue.
C） articles published in that journal.
D） medical development.
第2篇
Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles
The Ford motor company's abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology, analysts say.
General Motors and Honda ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.
Three years ago, the company introduced the Think City two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about l,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.
"The bottom line is we don't believe that this is the future of environment transport for the mass market."Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday,"We feel we have given electric our best shot."
The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors'EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range of about 100 miles.
The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan are now the only major auto manufacturers to produce electric vehicles.
"There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program, and that is what we will be judging them on,"Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environment News Service.
Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines Offer Greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines"on vehicle emissions" in the US.
However, it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state by 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
1. What have the Ford motor company General Motor's and Honda done concerning electric cars?
A） They have started to produce electric cars.
B） They have done extensive research on electric cars.
C） They have given up producing electric cars.
D） They have produced thousands of electric cars.
2. According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe，battery-powered cars _____ .
A）will be the main transportation vehicles in the future
B）will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future
C）will be good to the environment in the future
D）will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future
3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles?
A）Toyota and Nissan
B）General Motor's and Honda
C）Ford and Toyota
D）Honda and Toyota
4. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars
A）offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars.
B）run faster than petrol driven cars.
C）run more miles than petrol driven cars.
D）offer more batteries than petrol driven cars.
5. Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?
A）Low-emission cars should be banned.
B）Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways.
C）The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars.
D）The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.
第3篇
New U．S．Plan for Disease Prevention
Urging Americans to take responsibility for their health, Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson on Tuesday launched a $15 million program to try to encourage communities to do more to prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
The initiative highlights the cost of chronic diseases 一 the leading causes of death in the United States - and outlines ways that people can prevent them, including better diet and increased exercise.
"In the United States today, 7 of 10 deaths and the vast majority of serious illness, disability and health care costs are caused by chronic diseases,"the Health and Human Services Department said in a statement．
The causes are often behaviora - smoking, poor eating habits and a lack of exercise.
"I am convinced that preventing disease by promoting better health is a smart policy choice for our future,"Thompson told a conference held to launch the initiatiative.
"Our current health care system is not structured to deal with the escalating costs of treating diseases that are largely preventable through changes in our lifestyle choices."
Thompson said heart disease and strokes will cost the country more than $351 billion in 2003.
"These leading causes of death for men and women are largely preventable, yet we as a nation are not taking the steps necessary for US to lead healthier, longer lives，"he said．
The $15 million is slated to go to communities to promote prevention, pushing for changes as simple as building sidewalks to encourage people to walk more.
Daily exercise such as walking can prevent and even reverse heart disease and diabetes, and prevent cancer and strokes.
The money will also go to community organizations, clinics and nutritionists who are being encouraged to work together to educate people at risk of diabetes about what they can do to prevent it and encourage more cancer screening.
The American Cancer Society estimates that half of all cancers can be caught by screening, including Pap tests for cervical cancer, mammograms for breast cancer, colonoscopies, and prostate checks．
if such cancers were all caught by early screening, the group estimates that the survival rate for cancer would rise to 95 percent.
詞匯：
diabetes 糖尿病
behavioral adj．行為方面的
slate vt．預(yù)定，規(guī)劃
cervical adj．子宮頸的
colonoscopy n．結(jié)腸鏡檢查
initiative n．主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，倡議
escalate vi．逐步上升；逐步增強(qiáng)
nutritionist n．營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家
mammogram n．*x線照片
prostate adj．前列腺的
1. Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the US?
A）They account for 70％ of all deaths.
B）They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C）They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D）They are largely preventable.
2. The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT
A）better diet.
B）increased exercise.
C）reduction on smoking.
D）higher survival rate for cancer.
3. The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean ______ .
A）greater responsibility of the government
B）much less money needed for disease treatment
Ｃ）higher costs of health care
D）more 1ifestyle choices for people
4. The $15 million program is aimed at ______ .
A）promoting disease prevention
B）building more sidewalks
C）helping needy communities
D）wiping out chronic diseases
5. Early cancer screening can help reduce significantly ______ .
A）the death rates for all chronic diseases
B）the kinds of cancer attacking people
C）the cancer incidence rate
D）cancer death rate
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Ludwig Van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.
Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. ____ （1） ____. Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn.
Beethoven remained unmarried. ____ （2） ____. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.
____ （3） ____ He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. ____ （4） ____ .
Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, "I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality. " ____ （5） ____ .
A In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music.
B Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life.
C His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.
D When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers.
E Although Beethoven's personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.
F Today his music is still being played all over the world.
完型填空
One Good Reason to Let Smallpox Live
It's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it - one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?
__1__reality, of course, it was naive to __2 __ that everyone would let __3__ of such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have__4__ vials. __5__ the last"official"stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia,__6__ no obvious gain.
Now American researchers have __7__ an animal model of the human disease, opening the __8__for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again there's a good reason to__9__ the virus - just in __10__ the disease puts in a reappearance.
How do we __11__ with the mistrust of the US and Russia? __12__. Keep the virus __13__ international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries．The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn't __14__the idea is wrong. If the virus __15__ useful, then let's make it the servant of all humanity - not just a part of it．
詞匯：
smallpox n．天花
vial n．小瓶
auspices n．贊助；支持
cap vt．結(jié)束；覆蓋
potent adj．有效力的；強(qiáng)有力的
mistrust n．不信任，懷疑
1． A） In B） On C） At D）For
2． A）know B） imagine C） realize D）be aware
3． A）to go B） going C） go D） went
4． A） much B） more C） most D） a few
5． A）And B） While C） Whereas D） Although
6． A）since B） for C） because D） of
7． A）looked for B） sought C） found D） talked about
8． A）method B） road C） street D） way
9． A）keep B） put C） destroy D） eradicate
10．A）need B） case C） necessity D） time
11．A）handle B） tackle C）deal D） treat
12．A） Difficult B） Hard C） Safe D） Simple
13．A） under B） in C） on D） for
14．A）say B） mean C） state D） declare
15．A） will be B） would be C） is D） are
一、詞匯選項(xiàng)
1. 「正確答案」 D
「答案解析」 借助句意（化學(xué)物質(zhì)的使用能給實(shí)驗(yàn)室的工人帶來(lái)一定的危險(xiǎn)）判斷hazard是危險(xiǎn)的意思，只有D項(xiàng)符合。Protection保護(hù)，indication指示， immunity防疫
2. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 dispute是"爭(zhēng)議"的意思，本句意思是"他們同意要用和平的方式來(lái)____爭(zhēng)議"，根據(jù)猜測(cè)，知道應(yīng)該是"解決"，而選項(xiàng)中只有A符合。Determine決意，untie解開(kāi)，complete完成
3. 「正確答案」 D
「答案解析」 fear是"恐懼"，本句意思是"當(dāng)孩子們見(jiàn)到警察的時(shí)候他們因?yàn)榭謶侄鴂_____"， 于是可以猜測(cè)出來(lái)是"顫抖"， shook是動(dòng)詞shake（顫抖）的過(guò)去式
4. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 意思是"我們應(yīng)該_____紀(jì)律"即推測(cè)出abide by是遵守的意思，而stick to也是"遵守"的意思，persist in"堅(jiān)持"， safeguard "捍衛(wèi)"， apply"應(yīng)用"
5. 「正確答案」 C
「答案解析」 widen可以通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)出來(lái)是"使變寬"的意思， 而同樣C選項(xiàng)也是這樣由broad構(gòu)成的，也有"使變寬"的意思。Extend擴(kuò)充, 延伸, stretch伸展, 伸長(zhǎng), traverse橫貫，橫穿
6. 「正確答案」 C
「答案解析」 curious "好奇的"， 這里是說(shuō)"周圍陌生人好奇的眼光使得她感到_____"應(yīng)該可以推測(cè)出是"焦慮"的意思，那就是C，而B(niǎo)是"悶悶不樂(lè)的，苦惱的"
7. 「正確答案」 C
「答案解析」 eligible可以推測(cè)出是"合格"的意思， 而C也有這個(gè)意思，be qualified to do something"有資格做某事"， competitive"有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的"， diligent"勤勞的"， competent "有才華的"
8. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 此題可根據(jù)查字典來(lái)解決，motives"動(dòng)機(jī)"， argument"論據(jù)"， target "目標(biāo)"，stimuli"刺激"， 顯然 A符合題意。
9. 「正確答案」 D
「答案解析」 permit 和 allow是大家應(yīng)該掌握的基本詞匯，他們都表示"允許"。
10. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 regret這里是名詞，表示"遺憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意"等，和be sorry about something意思一致，而disappointed "失望"， shameful"羞恥的"， disheartened"沮喪的"
11. 「正確答案」 D
「答案解析」 本句說(shuō)"他們總是_____我，因?yàn)槲液艹?，很容易推測(cè)出來(lái)是"嘲笑"的意思，smile at "對(duì)…微笑"， look down on "輕視，蔑視"， laugh at "嘲笑"
12. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 可借助字典，scare"使害怕"而它的近義詞是"frighten", kill"殺害"，endanger"使…處于危險(xiǎn)"， rescue "救援"。
13. 「正確答案」 A
「答案解析」 借助字典，可以得出endeavor to do something是"努力做某事"的意思，和"try to do"是同樣的意思，而其他詞都沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思。
14. 「正確答案」 C
「答案解析」 借助字典可以得到touch "感動(dòng)"的意思，而touch+ing變成了形容詞，應(yīng)能猜測(cè)出是"感人的"意思，和C同義。
15. 「正確答案」 D
「答案解析」 借助字典可以知道improve 有"改進(jìn)，提高"的意思，而improve +ed變成過(guò)去分詞也可以作定語(yǔ)，那么意思中就含有被動(dòng)的意思，即"被改進(jìn)的"，也就是"更好的"。
二、閱讀判斷
「正確答案」 1-7 ACBABAC
「答案解析」 解題技巧說(shuō)明：
在解答閱讀判斷題，閱讀理解題，以及完成句子題時(shí)都可以考慮采用"核心詞/特征詞定位"的方法。"核心詞"是指在出現(xiàn)在要求考生做出判斷的句子中的主句和從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)（如果有賓語(yǔ)也可考慮賓語(yǔ)部分的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)）。選取這些詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候要考慮是否這些將被選擇作為答案線索的詞語(yǔ)和結(jié)構(gòu)是標(biāo)志"新信息"的內(nèi)容，如果是，則可以選取；否者就考慮句子中其他結(jié)構(gòu)中標(biāo)志"新信息"的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)。（注："新信息"是在前面問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的信息）如：
問(wèn)題前句：
1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
新信息：
2. Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
新信息在選取直接作為線索詞/結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)容時(shí)還要注意"標(biāo)志原則"，比如在選定的"新信息內(nèi)容"中"Adults knowledge and mental powers（成年人的知識(shí)和智力水平）"由于該結(jié)構(gòu)詞義的特點(diǎn)是很可能在文章中直接出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以考慮采用"Adults knowledge and mental powers"作為直接答案線索。
"特征詞" 指在出現(xiàn)要求考生做出判斷的句子中表示"時(shí)間，人名，地名， 組織機(jī)構(gòu)名"等，如果在文章中出現(xiàn)往往很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)檫@些結(jié)構(gòu)總是以特殊的形式出現(xiàn)在文章中："時(shí)間"- 往往是以阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的形式出現(xiàn)："人名，地名， 組織機(jī)構(gòu)名"- 往往是以單詞的首字母大寫(xiě)的形式出現(xiàn)。
另外，要求考生做出判斷的句子中出現(xiàn)的修飾詞，限制詞（往往形容詞/副詞）可以直接考慮作為答案線索。在利用選出的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索時(shí)要注意在文章出現(xiàn)的與這些詞/結(jié)構(gòu)含義相近的詞語(yǔ)/結(jié)構(gòu)。
答案解析
1. A.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："與學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的成年人相比，兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)很容易。"該問(wèn)題是明顯考察對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。利用答案線索詞：adult 和 children.于是我們很快在第1段的段首句中發(fā)現(xiàn)children， 而在隨后的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)adult.研究這兩段的語(yǔ)義：前一句說(shuō)"為什么孩子學(xué)習(xí)他們的母語(yǔ)學(xué)得這么好？"，后一句接著說(shuō)"當(dāng)我們把孩子和學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的成年人比較時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)。"，依據(jù)這兩句判斷該問(wèn)題句實(shí)際上是對(duì)原文中這兩個(gè)句子的總結(jié)說(shuō)明。有時(shí)有的問(wèn)題是考察考生的語(yǔ)言總結(jié)能力。
2. C.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："成年人的知識(shí)和智力阻礙了他們對(duì)外語(yǔ)的掌握。"該問(wèn)題也是明顯考察對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。利用答案線索詞：mental powers.于是我們很快在第1段的第3句中發(fā)現(xiàn)mental powers，發(fā)現(xiàn)該句說(shuō)："智力充分發(fā)展的成年人，在大多數(shù)的情況下，對(duì)外語(yǔ)的掌握是錯(cuò)誤的和不準(zhǔn)確的。"而該句的下一句引出的是成年人和兒童在學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言方面不同的理由（第2段的段首句），但原文中并沒(méi)提到"成年人掌握外語(yǔ)的能力較差的原因"，所以判斷該問(wèn)題句"沒(méi)提到"。
3. B.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："兒童母語(yǔ)學(xué)得好的原因只是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。"該問(wèn)題是也是明顯考察對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。但很容易察覺(jué)該問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法太絕對(duì)，所以判斷答案為"錯(cuò)誤"。其實(shí)這道題的答案相關(guān)句我們?cè)谇耙坏李}中已經(jīng)涉及到了。文章第2段的段首句給出了由兩個(gè)partly引出的兩個(gè)理由，不是"的一個(gè)理由"，所以判斷問(wèn)題句"錯(cuò)誤"。
4. A.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："早年大量的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)是兒童成功學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的一個(gè)原因。"利用答案線索詞：the first years of life.于是我們很快在第2段的第2句中發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)句。該句說(shuō)"早年學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的時(shí)間是有益的。"接下來(lái)的一句突出地說(shuō)明了兒童期聽(tīng)力練習(xí)的形式。所以判斷該問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法"正確"。
5． B.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以常年上私人輔導(dǎo)課。"借助常識(shí)判斷該句的說(shuō)法不正確。利用答案線索詞：all the year round，我們很快在第3段的第1句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。比較原句和問(wèn)題句的結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處在于"as it were"的結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)心：部分結(jié)構(gòu)的差異往往是設(shè)置了陷阱。 實(shí)際上，as it were的含義是"仿佛是"。所以原文說(shuō)"仿佛是"，而問(wèn)題句說(shuō)"是"，所以判斷問(wèn)題句"不正確"。
6. A.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："手勢(shì)和面部表情可能會(huì)對(duì)兒童掌握母語(yǔ)有幫助。"利用答案線索詞：Gestures and facial expressions，我們很快在第3段的第2句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。該句說(shuō)"兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以接觸各種情景的母語(yǔ)，而且母語(yǔ)中還伴隨了正確的手勢(shì)和面部表情。"可見(jiàn)與原句的說(shuō)法和問(wèn)題句一致，所以判斷問(wèn)題句"正確"。
7． C.問(wèn)題句說(shuō)："就語(yǔ)言教學(xué)而言，教師與學(xué)生的親密關(guān)系比學(xué)生接受的專門培訓(xùn)更重要。"利用答案線索詞：teachers.文章的后一段提到了"教師"，但只是說(shuō)"教師與學(xué)生的關(guān)系是親密的"，而問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法并不與原文矛盾，所以判斷該問(wèn)題句"沒(méi)提到"。
三、概括大意
「正確答案」1-4 ACFD 5-8 FAEC
「答案解析」概括大意題解題思路：
1． 如果段首句和或段尾句是觀點(diǎn)句，可借助段首句和或段尾句的句意判斷答案；
2． 借助段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的核心詞/核心結(jié)構(gòu)判斷答案；
3． 如果段落中有舉例的內(nèi)容，可參考舉例內(nèi)容判斷答案；
4． 注意段落中出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)句（觀點(diǎn)句中有時(shí)出現(xiàn)這樣的一些結(jié)構(gòu)： to sum up （adv.總之, 總而言之）; in a word （adv.總之）, in conclusion （adv.后, 總之）等或內(nèi)容上提到"……研究發(fā)現(xiàn)……"， ".某某研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)……"），轉(zhuǎn)折句（往往句子中出現(xiàn)"but, however, although, though, nevertheless"等詞），因?yàn)檫@些句子可能就是段落的中心句，可參考這些句子句意判斷答案。
答案解析：
1. A 本段講的是有關(guān)華爾街的情況，華爾街是美國(guó)的金融中心。
2. C 這一段介紹了紐約的交通設(shè)施，如地鐵、公共汽車和出租車，以及乘坐時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的地方。
3. F 第五段集中介紹了中央公園。
4. D 這一段不長(zhǎng)，簡(jiǎn)單地介紹了紐約的第五大街，這是富人的購(gòu)物天堂。
5. F 原句在語(yǔ)法上已經(jīng)完整，填入的部分是有關(guān)價(jià)格的，當(dāng)時(shí)荷蘭人買下曼哈頓的價(jià)錢在今天看來(lái)僅是個(gè)微不足道的小數(shù)。表示價(jià)格用介詞for, 這里for的后面跟的是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。
6. A 這里填入的是和動(dòng)詞go并列的成分，在所給的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中符合條件的只有A和D ，但從意義上看應(yīng)該填入的是A.
7. E place提示了后面很有可能是一個(gè)用where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩個(gè)用where開(kāi)始的從句，但B的意義顯然不符，故應(yīng)該選E.
8. C 句中的more attractive提示了后面很可能有用than引導(dǎo)的從句。
閱讀理解：
第一篇、
「正確答案」 1－5 BCABC
「答案解析」 1. B．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。問(wèn)題問(wèn)及"醫(yī)療雜志的主要讀者"，借助題干中的main readers作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.（該句間接回答了問(wèn)題--向內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和其他健康專家提供醫(yī)療信息，所以答案是B.）
2. C．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。發(fā)現(xiàn)被選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上都是涉及到"醫(yī)療雜志的出版"，所以借助publish作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet（該句與A內(nèi)容一致），and some journals publish only online．（該句直接與C矛盾）A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.（該句與B內(nèi)容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.（該句與D內(nèi)容一致）
3. A．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。該題涉及到文章類型。注意文章中提及文章類型的句子。這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of ……Review articles summarize and analyze …… Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals. ……Editorials provide perspective on …… Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of ……
4. B．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)different studies on the same topic作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．（該句說(shuō)"綜述文章是在對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的查詢后找出的有關(guān)某一具體主題的信息進(jìn)行匯總和分析"）Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic （"對(duì)于同一主題的不同研究結(jié)果的匯總"在含義上與上句"綜述文章"的目的一致，因此判斷B是答案。）can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease．
5． C．分析：借助題干中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)Letters to the editor和express comments on作為答案線索，這樣在文章后部分找到答案相關(guān)句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.（該句內(nèi)容直接回答了問(wèn)題：對(duì)雜志上發(fā)表的文章進(jìn)行評(píng)論，提出問(wèn)題或提出批評(píng)意見(jiàn)。）
第二篇：
「正確答案」 1-5 CBACD
「答案解析」
1．C 第一段第一個(gè)句子告訴我們福特汽車公司放棄了電動(dòng)汽車，第二段說(shuō)通用汽車公司和本田汽車公司停止生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車。
2．B 第四段第一個(gè)句子是Tim Holmes對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車未來(lái)的評(píng)價(jià)，他認(rèn)為未來(lái)的交通運(yùn)輸?shù)拇蟊娛袌?chǎng)不可能是電動(dòng)汽車。
3．A 答案的依據(jù)是第六段后一句。
4．C 答案的依據(jù)是倒數(shù)第二段第二句。
5．D 答案的依據(jù)是文章的后一句：the legislation will be written to allow for low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles.
第三篇：
「正確答案」
1-5 CDBAD
「答案解析」
1． C 從文章的第三、六段分別可以看出，在美國(guó)，70％的死亡是由慢性病造成的，絕大多數(shù)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用也花在慢性病的治療上，而不健康的生活方式會(huì)引發(fā)慢性病，而不是慢性病引發(fā)不健康的生活方式。慢性病很大程度上是可以預(yù)防的。
2． D 從文章的第二、四段可以排除A、B和C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
3． B 從文章的第三、六、七段可以看出，慢性病的治療花費(fèi)極高。適當(dāng)投資于疾病的預(yù)防可以大大減少這種花費(fèi)。
4． A 從文章第一段可以看出，該項(xiàng)目的主要目的是促進(jìn)疾病的預(yù)防。
5． D 從文章的后一段可以看出，早期癌癥檢查有助于大大提高癌癥存活率，即大大降低癌癥死亡率。
補(bǔ)全對(duì)話：
「正確答案」 1-5 DBACE
「答案解析」
1. D 本段介紹貝多芬早年平生。前一句話說(shuō)他的父親對(duì)他要求十分嚴(yán)厲，而且酗酒成性。D說(shuō)當(dāng)他母親亡故后，還是一個(gè)年輕人的貝多芬成為他兩個(gè)小弟弟的監(jiān)護(hù)人。把D放在這里意思連貫，是適合的選項(xiàng)。
2. B 本段介紹貝多芬成年后坎坷的遭遇，選B合適。
3. A 句中的this handicap承接上段，指上段后一句話提到的耳聾這一殘疾，全句的意思是說(shuō)貝多芬身殘志堅(jiān)，繼續(xù)音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作。原文后一句列舉了貝多芬的音樂(lè)成就，此處選A與上下文銜接自然，意思連貫。
4. C 到此為止，作者介紹完了貝多芬的生平，需要做一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的概括。C說(shuō)：他的一生是熱切追求獨(dú)立的一生。放在此處正合適。
5. E 本段第一句提到歌德對(duì)貝多芬性情的評(píng)價(jià)，說(shuō)他狂躁易怒，性情不羈。E說(shuō)盡管貝多芬的性情狂躁不羈，但他的音樂(lè)卻很有章法，控制有度，這也是他值得我們懷念的地方。
完形填空：
「正確答案」 1-5 ABCDA 6-10 BCDAB 11-15 CDABC
「答案解析」 完型填空解題思路：
1．借助被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)縮小答案范圍，確認(rèn)答案判斷方向；
2．借助空格兩端的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)判斷答案；
3．借助空格所在句子中用詞特點(diǎn)猜測(cè)答案；
4．借助空格所在句子句意判斷答案；
5．圍繞文章中心（標(biāo)題反應(yīng)內(nèi)容）猜測(cè)答案；
6．借助上下文用詞/語(yǔ)意判斷答案。
解析：
1. A.分析：被選項(xiàng)是介詞，注意搭配結(jié)構(gòu)。in reality，"實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上"是固定搭配。
2. B.分析：借助被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：know = be aware，排除A和D，再借助搭配結(jié)構(gòu)（……是天真的）判斷B（想象）是答案。
3. C.分析：1et跟原形動(dòng)詞，go符合這一原則。
4. D.分析：根據(jù)搭配結(jié)構(gòu)（……小瓶），判斷D合適（而且該句和前句中都沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)比較的含義）。
5. A.分析：該句結(jié)構(gòu)是"句子+短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)"，因此空格處的連詞必須能引導(dǎo)一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，這樣判斷只有A合適（其他選項(xiàng)都只能引導(dǎo)從句結(jié)構(gòu)）。
6. B.分析：借助被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)B和C相關(guān)，用法不同，重點(diǎn)注意，再借助空格后是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)這個(gè)特點(diǎn)判斷B合適。
7. C．分析：借助被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)A和C有關(guān)系：前者是"尋找"，后者是"找到"，重點(diǎn)注意。借助該句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)大意："現(xiàn)在美國(guó)研究者已經(jīng)……，開(kāi)啟了……"，這樣判斷C（找到）合適。
8.D．分析：借助被選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：method 的習(xí)慣搭配介詞是of，因此排除A； B和C都是具體指代"街道"，而 way可以抽象和具體的指代"道路"，判斷D合適。Open the way v.為……創(chuàng)造條件； Clear the way v.掃清道路, 讓路；On the way to在……途中；Find one's way out 找到某人出去的路；尋找解決方法。
9. A.分析：該句的結(jié)構(gòu)與標(biāo)題的結(jié)構(gòu)一致，因此借助標(biāo)題內(nèi)容直接判斷A（保留/保存）是答案。
10. B．分析：借助搭配結(jié)構(gòu)"in……判斷A，B和D是答案"，再根據(jù)空格后是一個(gè)句子的特點(diǎn)判斷B（in case conj.萬(wàn)一）是答案。
11. C. 分析：借助搭配"…… with"直接判斷C是答案。Tackle vt 應(yīng)付（難事等），處理， 解決。
12. D.分析：借助下文句子是在教人們?cè)鯓幼觯ㄆ硎咕浣Y(jié)構(gòu)），因此判斷D是答案。
13. A. 分析：被選項(xiàng)是介詞，所以注意搭配結(jié)構(gòu)：keep……in a …… laboratory; …… international auspices（贊助），根據(jù)介詞的基本含義和用法判斷A（under prep.在……之下, 在……領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下）是答案。
14. B. 分析：因?yàn)榭崭袷亲髦^語(yǔ)，而句子主語(yǔ)是"非人"，所以A，C 和D都不行（這些詞的主語(yǔ)往往是"人"）。
15. C.分析：首先借助后面主句中的代詞it判斷前面的the virus應(yīng)該是單數(shù)，而且狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用一般時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表示將來(lái)，所以判斷C是答案。