Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change.
The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
21.What is the main idea of the passage?
A） Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.
B） Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.
C） The industrial age may now be coming to an end.
D） Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.
22.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?
A） The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.
B） The development of factories.
C） Relief from housework on the part of women.
D） Development of modern means of transportation.
23.It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A） most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time
B） many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed
C） in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women
D） some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed
24.What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?
A） Shocking B） InterestingC） Confusing D） Stimulating
25.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?
A） Create situations in which people work for themselves.
B） Treat employment as the norm.
C） Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.
D） Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.
Passage One
內(nèi)容概要:根據(jù)民意測驗的結(jié)果，失業(yè)率居高不下可能會持續(xù)一段時間，因而我們得想辦法讓更多的人來分享現(xiàn)有的工作，這就需要人們改變以往的工作觀念，以獲得更多的就業(yè)機會。從歷史的角度來看，多方面的因素使得人們越來越依賴于有報酬的工作，但就業(yè)使得婦女、青少年和上了年紀的人處于劣勢，帶來了社會問題。因此，現(xiàn)在該是轉(zhuǎn)變思想的時候了。
21.【答案】D。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，應(yīng)該花些精力和才力來幫助更多的人解決失業(yè)問題。
【試題分析】主旨大意題。通過找文章的主題句以及各段落主題句可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見文章開篇段Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely和結(jié)尾段The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs。所以答案為D。
22.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，婦女從家務(wù)勞動中解放出來不是就業(yè)普及的因素。
【試題分析】 是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見文章第四段中提到工作普及的三個原因：Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries (22A對) made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system (22B對)destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved (22D對), first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live。這段話中沒有提到C，所以答案為C。
23.【答案】A。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，接受民意測試的大多數(shù)人認為失業(yè)問題可能在短期內(nèi)得不到解決。
【試題分析】推斷題。通過選項回到原文找相關(guān)的句子來推斷，便可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第三段第二句話“The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed”, 可選項D中為have been reversed，因而排除選項D；根據(jù)第五段第二句In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community男女共同承當勞動，可以排除C；根據(jù)第四段第一句話the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land，可以排除B；根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容high unemployment is probably here to say，答案為A。
24.【答案】A。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，工業(yè)時代帶來的一些工作模式上的變化可能必須顛倒過來，這似乎是一個令人奇怪的想法。
【試題分析】詞義題。通過上下文可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第三段The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work。通過第四句話“但實際上它可以為工作提供一個更好的前景。”中的轉(zhuǎn)折含義可以斷定最接近daunting的詞義為A。
25.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，把就業(yè)作為標準來看待不能解決當前失業(yè)問題。
【試題分析】是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第二段中提出的解決辦法：We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? (25B不對) Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work?（25D對） Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves（25A對）, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? （25C對）。以上幾個問句都是修辭疑問句，肯定形式作否定理解，否定形式作肯定理解。所以答案為B。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that,whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on,high unemployment is probably here to say.This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change.
The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
21.What is the main idea of the passage?
A） Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.
B） Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.
C） The industrial age may now be coming to an end.
D） Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.
22.Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?
A） The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.
B） The development of factories.
C） Relief from housework on the part of women.
D） Development of modern means of transportation.
23.It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A） most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time
B） many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed
C） in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women
D） some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed
24.What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?
A） Shocking B） InterestingC） Confusing D） Stimulating
25.Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?
A） Create situations in which people work for themselves.
B） Treat employment as the norm.
C） Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.
D） Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.
Passage One
內(nèi)容概要:根據(jù)民意測驗的結(jié)果，失業(yè)率居高不下可能會持續(xù)一段時間，因而我們得想辦法讓更多的人來分享現(xiàn)有的工作，這就需要人們改變以往的工作觀念，以獲得更多的就業(yè)機會。從歷史的角度來看，多方面的因素使得人們越來越依賴于有報酬的工作，但就業(yè)使得婦女、青少年和上了年紀的人處于劣勢，帶來了社會問題。因此，現(xiàn)在該是轉(zhuǎn)變思想的時候了。
21.【答案】D。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，應(yīng)該花些精力和才力來幫助更多的人解決失業(yè)問題。
【試題分析】主旨大意題。通過找文章的主題句以及各段落主題句可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見文章開篇段Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely和結(jié)尾段The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs。所以答案為D。
22.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，婦女從家務(wù)勞動中解放出來不是就業(yè)普及的因素。
【試題分析】 是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見文章第四段中提到工作普及的三個原因：Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries (22A對) made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system (22B對)destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved (22D對), first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live。這段話中沒有提到C，所以答案為C。
23.【答案】A。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，接受民意測試的大多數(shù)人認為失業(yè)問題可能在短期內(nèi)得不到解決。
【試題分析】推斷題。通過選項回到原文找相關(guān)的句子來推斷，便可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第三段第二句話“The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed”, 可選項D中為have been reversed，因而排除選項D；根據(jù)第五段第二句In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community男女共同承當勞動，可以排除C；根據(jù)第四段第一句話the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land，可以排除B；根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容high unemployment is probably here to say，答案為A。
24.【答案】A。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，工業(yè)時代帶來的一些工作模式上的變化可能必須顛倒過來，這似乎是一個令人奇怪的想法。
【試題分析】詞義題。通過上下文可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第三段The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work。通過第四句話“但實際上它可以為工作提供一個更好的前景。”中的轉(zhuǎn)折含義可以斷定最接近daunting的詞義為A。
25.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)短文得知，把就業(yè)作為標準來看待不能解決當前失業(yè)問題。
【試題分析】是非題。一誤三正，通過選項對應(yīng)文章中的細節(jié)可以得知答案。
【詳細解答】見第二段中提出的解決辦法：We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? (25B不對) Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work?（25D對） Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves（25A對）, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work? （25C對）。以上幾個問句都是修辭疑問句，肯定形式作否定理解，否定形式作肯定理解。所以答案為B。