DataReader 的默認行為是在整個數(shù)據(jù)行可用時立即以行的形式加載傳入數(shù)據(jù)。但是,對于二進制大對象 (BLOB) 則需要進行不同的處理,因為它們可能包含數(shù)十億字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù),而單個行中無法包含如此多的數(shù)據(jù)。Command.ExecuteReader 方法具有一個重載,它將采用 CommandBehavior 參數(shù)來修改 DataReader 的默認行為。您可以將 CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess 傳遞到 ExecuteReader 方法來修改 DataReader 的默認行為,以便讓 DataReader 按照順序在接收到數(shù)據(jù)時立即將其加載,而不是加載數(shù)據(jù)行。這是加載 BLOB 或其他大數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的理想方案。
在將 DataReader 設(shè)置為使用 SequentialAccess 時,務(wù)必要注意訪問所返回字段的順序。DataReader 的默認行為是在整個行可用時立即加載該行,這使您能夠在讀取下一行之前按任何順序訪問所返回的字段。但是,當使用 SequentialAccess 時,必須按順序訪問由 DataReader 返回的不同字段。例如,如果查詢返回三個列,其中第三列是 BLOB,則必須在訪問第三個字段中的 BLOB 數(shù)據(jù)之前返回第一個和第二個字段的值。如果在訪問第一個或第二個字段之前訪問第三個字段,則第一個和第二個字段值將不再可用。這是因為 SequentialAccess 已修改 DataReader,使其按順序返回數(shù)據(jù),當 DataReader 已經(jīng)讀取超過特定數(shù)據(jù)時,該數(shù)據(jù)將不可用。
當訪問 BLOB 字段中的數(shù)據(jù)時,請使用 DataReader 的 GetBytes 類型化訪問器,該訪問器將使用二進制數(shù)據(jù)填充 byte 數(shù)組。您可以指定要返回的特定數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)大小以及從返回的數(shù)據(jù)中讀取的第一個字節(jié)的起始位置。GetBytes 將返回 long 值,它表示所返回的字節(jié)數(shù)。如果向 GetBytes 傳遞空的 byte 數(shù)組,所返回的長值將是 BLOB 中字節(jié)的總數(shù)。您可以選擇將字節(jié)數(shù)組中的某索引指定為所讀取數(shù)據(jù)的起始位置。
以下示例從 Microsoft SQL Server 中的 pubs 示例數(shù)據(jù)庫中返回發(fā)行者 ID 和徽標。發(fā)行者 ID (pub_id) 是字符字段,而徽標則是圖形,即 BLOB。請注意,由于必須按順序訪問字段,所以將在訪問徽標之前訪問當前數(shù)據(jù)行的發(fā)行者 ID。
[Visual Basic]
Dim pubsConn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=pubs;")
Dim logoCMD As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("SELECT pub_id, logo FROM pub_info", pubsConn)
Dim fs As FileStream ' Writes the BLOB to a file (*.bmp).
Dim bw As BinaryWriter ' Streams the binary data to the FileStream object.
Dim bufferSize As Integer = 100 ' The size of the BLOB buffer.
Dim outbyte(bufferSize - 1) As Byte ' The BLOB byte() buffer to be filled by GetBytes.
Dim retval As Long ' The bytes returned from GetBytes.
Dim startIndex As Long = 0 ' The starting position in the BLOB output.
Dim pub_id As String = "" ' The publisher id to use in the file name.
' Open the connection and read data into the DataReader.
pubsConn.Open()
Dim myReader As SqlDataReader = logoCMD.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess)
Do While myReader.Read()
' Get the publisher id, which must occur before getting the logo.
pub_id = myReader.GetString(0)
' Create a file to hold the output.
fs = New FileStream("logo" & pub_id & ".bmp", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)
bw = New BinaryWriter(fs)
Reset the starting byte for a new BLOB.
startIndex = 0
' Read bytes into outbyte() and retain the number of bytes returned.
retval = myReader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outbyte, 0, bufferSize)
' Continue reading and writing while there are bytes beyond the size of the buffer.
Do While retval = bufferSize
bw.Write(outbyte)
bw.Flush()
' Reposition the start index to the end of the last buffer and fill the buffer.
startIndex = startIndex + bufferSize
retval = myReader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outbyte, 0, bufferSize)
Loop
' Write the remaining buffer.
bw.Write(outbyte)
bw.Flush()
' Close the output file.
bw.Close()
fs.Close()
Loop
在將 DataReader 設(shè)置為使用 SequentialAccess 時,務(wù)必要注意訪問所返回字段的順序。DataReader 的默認行為是在整個行可用時立即加載該行,這使您能夠在讀取下一行之前按任何順序訪問所返回的字段。但是,當使用 SequentialAccess 時,必須按順序訪問由 DataReader 返回的不同字段。例如,如果查詢返回三個列,其中第三列是 BLOB,則必須在訪問第三個字段中的 BLOB 數(shù)據(jù)之前返回第一個和第二個字段的值。如果在訪問第一個或第二個字段之前訪問第三個字段,則第一個和第二個字段值將不再可用。這是因為 SequentialAccess 已修改 DataReader,使其按順序返回數(shù)據(jù),當 DataReader 已經(jīng)讀取超過特定數(shù)據(jù)時,該數(shù)據(jù)將不可用。
當訪問 BLOB 字段中的數(shù)據(jù)時,請使用 DataReader 的 GetBytes 類型化訪問器,該訪問器將使用二進制數(shù)據(jù)填充 byte 數(shù)組。您可以指定要返回的特定數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)大小以及從返回的數(shù)據(jù)中讀取的第一個字節(jié)的起始位置。GetBytes 將返回 long 值,它表示所返回的字節(jié)數(shù)。如果向 GetBytes 傳遞空的 byte 數(shù)組,所返回的長值將是 BLOB 中字節(jié)的總數(shù)。您可以選擇將字節(jié)數(shù)組中的某索引指定為所讀取數(shù)據(jù)的起始位置。
以下示例從 Microsoft SQL Server 中的 pubs 示例數(shù)據(jù)庫中返回發(fā)行者 ID 和徽標。發(fā)行者 ID (pub_id) 是字符字段,而徽標則是圖形,即 BLOB。請注意,由于必須按順序訪問字段,所以將在訪問徽標之前訪問當前數(shù)據(jù)行的發(fā)行者 ID。
[Visual Basic]
Dim pubsConn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=pubs;")
Dim logoCMD As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("SELECT pub_id, logo FROM pub_info", pubsConn)
Dim fs As FileStream ' Writes the BLOB to a file (*.bmp).
Dim bw As BinaryWriter ' Streams the binary data to the FileStream object.
Dim bufferSize As Integer = 100 ' The size of the BLOB buffer.
Dim outbyte(bufferSize - 1) As Byte ' The BLOB byte() buffer to be filled by GetBytes.
Dim retval As Long ' The bytes returned from GetBytes.
Dim startIndex As Long = 0 ' The starting position in the BLOB output.
Dim pub_id As String = "" ' The publisher id to use in the file name.
' Open the connection and read data into the DataReader.
pubsConn.Open()
Dim myReader As SqlDataReader = logoCMD.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess)
Do While myReader.Read()
' Get the publisher id, which must occur before getting the logo.
pub_id = myReader.GetString(0)
' Create a file to hold the output.
fs = New FileStream("logo" & pub_id & ".bmp", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)
bw = New BinaryWriter(fs)
Reset the starting byte for a new BLOB.
startIndex = 0
' Read bytes into outbyte() and retain the number of bytes returned.
retval = myReader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outbyte, 0, bufferSize)
' Continue reading and writing while there are bytes beyond the size of the buffer.
Do While retval = bufferSize
bw.Write(outbyte)
bw.Flush()
' Reposition the start index to the end of the last buffer and fill the buffer.
startIndex = startIndex + bufferSize
retval = myReader.GetBytes(1, startIndex, outbyte, 0, bufferSize)
Loop
' Write the remaining buffer.
bw.Write(outbyte)
bw.Flush()
' Close the output file.
bw.Close()
fs.Close()
Loop