Year-round schooling in America
Many American schools have closed for the summer. Most children in the United States have a summer holiday of almost three months. This traditional school schedule was designed long ago when many Americans lived on farms. Children were needed at home during the summer to help their families with the crops and animals. Schools later continued the tradition, mostly because it was difficult to hold classes in the hot summer weather.
American schools began to experiment with changing this system in the early nineteen- hundreds. One idea was for children to attend school all year round. But the idea did not become popular until about twenty-five years ago. Studies done at the time showed that American students were not performing as well as students in other countries.
Students who attend year-round schools in the United States do not go to class every day of the year. They spend the same number of days in class as other students. But the time is organized differently. For example, some students attend school five days a week for nine weeks. Then they have three weeks off before going back to school for another nine weeks. In the summer they have about five weeks of holiday.
Supporters of year-round schooling say it improves student learning. They say students in the traditional system often forget what they have learned during a long summer holiday. They say schools can offer special classes during the short holidays for students who need extra help. They also say it saves money because the school buildings are used throughout the year.
People opposed to year-round schooling say the research has not proved that it improves learning. Families report problems organizing activities and travel when children in different schools have different holidays. Some parents want their children to have an extended summer away from the pressures of school. People who operate summer camps for children oppose the idea. So do businesses that employ teenagers in the summer.
美國(guó)的全年學(xué)校教育制度
許多美國(guó)學(xué)校都已經(jīng)停止上課開始放暑假了,大部分的美國(guó)學(xué)生都可以享受三個(gè)月的暑假假期。這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校假期是在很久以前就定下來了,當(dāng)時(shí)許多美國(guó)人還是以農(nóng)牧生活為主,在夏天各個(gè)家庭需要孩子們幫忙收割和飼養(yǎng)家禽動(dòng)物。之后學(xué)校也繼續(xù)稟承了這一傳統(tǒng),主要原因是在炎夏上課是非常辛苦的。
美國(guó)學(xué)校在二十世紀(jì)早期開始對(duì)這個(gè)制度實(shí)行試驗(yàn)改革。其中一個(gè)想法就是讓學(xué)生全年都上課,但這個(gè)提議直到25年前才開始受到歡迎。當(dāng)時(shí)有研究顯示美國(guó)學(xué)生的成績(jī)不如其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生成績(jī)好。
在美國(guó)全年上學(xué)的學(xué)生并不意味著他們每天都去學(xué)校,他們上課的時(shí)間與其他學(xué)生的上課時(shí)間是一樣的,只是編制的學(xué)時(shí)不同。例如,一些學(xué)生上課上九周,一周上五天課,之后他們可以放假三周,假期結(jié)束后在返校上九周的課程。在夏天他們有五周的假期。
對(duì)全年學(xué)校教育持支持立場(chǎng)的人士表示這能提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率,他們認(rèn)為根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)體制進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生容易在暑假忘記了所學(xué)的知識(shí)。他們表示學(xué)??梢栽诙唐诩倨谥袨橛刑貏e需要的學(xué)生開設(shè)特別課程,同時(shí)也可以節(jié)省開支,因?yàn)榭梢匀甓祭脤W(xué)校的設(shè)施。
而反對(duì)全年學(xué)校教育的人士則認(rèn)為并沒有研究證明這種方式可以提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。也有家庭指出由于孩子們?cè)诓煌膶W(xué)校上課則會(huì)有不同的假期,這樣他們很難組織外出活動(dòng)以及旅游。一些父母希望他們的孩子能有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的假期免受學(xué)習(xí)壓力干擾。而為孩子開辦夏令營(yíng)的人士也反對(duì)這個(gè)提議,同樣反對(duì)的還有招募學(xué)生做暑期工的雇主。
Many American schools have closed for the summer. Most children in the United States have a summer holiday of almost three months. This traditional school schedule was designed long ago when many Americans lived on farms. Children were needed at home during the summer to help their families with the crops and animals. Schools later continued the tradition, mostly because it was difficult to hold classes in the hot summer weather.
American schools began to experiment with changing this system in the early nineteen- hundreds. One idea was for children to attend school all year round. But the idea did not become popular until about twenty-five years ago. Studies done at the time showed that American students were not performing as well as students in other countries.
Students who attend year-round schools in the United States do not go to class every day of the year. They spend the same number of days in class as other students. But the time is organized differently. For example, some students attend school five days a week for nine weeks. Then they have three weeks off before going back to school for another nine weeks. In the summer they have about five weeks of holiday.
Supporters of year-round schooling say it improves student learning. They say students in the traditional system often forget what they have learned during a long summer holiday. They say schools can offer special classes during the short holidays for students who need extra help. They also say it saves money because the school buildings are used throughout the year.
People opposed to year-round schooling say the research has not proved that it improves learning. Families report problems organizing activities and travel when children in different schools have different holidays. Some parents want their children to have an extended summer away from the pressures of school. People who operate summer camps for children oppose the idea. So do businesses that employ teenagers in the summer.
美國(guó)的全年學(xué)校教育制度
許多美國(guó)學(xué)校都已經(jīng)停止上課開始放暑假了,大部分的美國(guó)學(xué)生都可以享受三個(gè)月的暑假假期。這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)校假期是在很久以前就定下來了,當(dāng)時(shí)許多美國(guó)人還是以農(nóng)牧生活為主,在夏天各個(gè)家庭需要孩子們幫忙收割和飼養(yǎng)家禽動(dòng)物。之后學(xué)校也繼續(xù)稟承了這一傳統(tǒng),主要原因是在炎夏上課是非常辛苦的。
美國(guó)學(xué)校在二十世紀(jì)早期開始對(duì)這個(gè)制度實(shí)行試驗(yàn)改革。其中一個(gè)想法就是讓學(xué)生全年都上課,但這個(gè)提議直到25年前才開始受到歡迎。當(dāng)時(shí)有研究顯示美國(guó)學(xué)生的成績(jī)不如其他國(guó)家的學(xué)生成績(jī)好。
在美國(guó)全年上學(xué)的學(xué)生并不意味著他們每天都去學(xué)校,他們上課的時(shí)間與其他學(xué)生的上課時(shí)間是一樣的,只是編制的學(xué)時(shí)不同。例如,一些學(xué)生上課上九周,一周上五天課,之后他們可以放假三周,假期結(jié)束后在返校上九周的課程。在夏天他們有五周的假期。
對(duì)全年學(xué)校教育持支持立場(chǎng)的人士表示這能提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)效率,他們認(rèn)為根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)體制進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生容易在暑假忘記了所學(xué)的知識(shí)。他們表示學(xué)??梢栽诙唐诩倨谥袨橛刑貏e需要的學(xué)生開設(shè)特別課程,同時(shí)也可以節(jié)省開支,因?yàn)榭梢匀甓祭脤W(xué)校的設(shè)施。
而反對(duì)全年學(xué)校教育的人士則認(rèn)為并沒有研究證明這種方式可以提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。也有家庭指出由于孩子們?cè)诓煌膶W(xué)校上課則會(huì)有不同的假期,這樣他們很難組織外出活動(dòng)以及旅游。一些父母希望他們的孩子能有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的假期免受學(xué)習(xí)壓力干擾。而為孩子開辦夏令營(yíng)的人士也反對(duì)這個(gè)提議,同樣反對(duì)的還有招募學(xué)生做暑期工的雇主。