1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （難度系數(shù)5，下同）
譯文：那種性別比例能在程度上增加一個(gè)個(gè)體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。
難句類(lèi)型：倒裝、省略
a 本句的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)That sex ratio之后的以which引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句，如果按照以上語(yǔ)序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的從句倒裝成謂語(yǔ)will be favored之后。
b在which引導(dǎo)的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語(yǔ)從句，但是，因?yàn)閐escendants在從句中作have的賓語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個(gè)the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“化一個(gè)個(gè)體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。
意群訓(xùn)練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower (5++)復(fù)雜+倒裝+省略;
（這是一種）照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，此欲望從來(lái)就不會(huì)唐突的取代后面的那種欲望，后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個(gè)兼任小說(shuō)加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渥拥碾y度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考試中所出現(xiàn)的難句中堪稱(chēng)登峰造極，可以確定地講，類(lèi)似此句子的難度的語(yǔ)言，在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)絕無(wú)可能出現(xiàn)。如果對(duì)此句話(huà)不感興趣，可以把其廢掉不讀。
A、這句話(huà)讀起來(lái)別扭的第一個(gè)原因，是因?yàn)樗揪筒皇且粋€(gè)句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個(gè)詞代替一個(gè)句子的方式如果在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)，只能出現(xiàn)在高級(jí)英語(yǔ)中，因此我們以前的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過(guò)。其形式類(lèi)似于我們中文的“精彩”是 “這句話(huà)真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟著兩個(gè)大的修飾成分，一個(gè)是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了over reality之后，正常應(yīng)是throw a light over reality.不過(guò)這個(gè)便裝部分與throw距離不遠(yuǎn)，讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個(gè)修飾成分。注意：從that開(kāi)始直到句尾結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開(kāi)始的desire的。
C、第二個(gè)修飾成分中又來(lái)了一個(gè)倒裝，由于作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào)never,所以將其提前，引發(fā)了定語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是that might never be given away，倒裝后系動(dòng)詞was被提前，given因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞might之后所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位于B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修飾后面的desire，what引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)名詞。What從句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個(gè)避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能夠看懂這句話(huà)的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的沖動(dòng)是一種簡(jiǎn)單的、說(shuō)明現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，新沖動(dòng)是一種即是小說(shuō)家又像科學(xué)家的仔細(xì)研究一個(gè)東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的欲望（新沖動(dòng)），前一種欲望是永遠(yuǎn)也不能取代后者的。
意群訓(xùn)練：（This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower
3. Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. （3）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無(wú)能，無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái)；另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。
解釋?zhuān)航樵~from的賓語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)并列的部分，由and所連接，在and之后的第二個(gè)from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個(gè)原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太長(zhǎng)，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來(lái)；二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓(xùn)練： Hardy's weakenssderived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergentimpulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. （5）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：弗吉尼亞.伍爾夫（Virginia Woolf）在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對(duì)"詩(shī)性"小說(shuō)家（poetic novelist）所形成的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解大相徑庭。所謂的"詩(shī)性"小說(shuō)家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個(gè)體意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪涠禾?hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)有些難，但總的來(lái)講比較好懂，since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句較難。
A、 since之后的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語(yǔ)an aspect之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分，一個(gè)是of her literary interests， 另一個(gè)是以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 連接的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當(dāng)中，修飾interests的定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞＋be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之后，由于concerned with與前面的concerned with重復(fù)，所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個(gè)難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評(píng)論題材的文章的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ."（5-）
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻
就像她在《致普通讀者》一書(shū)中所表達(dá)的那樣，“盡管可以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何法律被指定出來(lái)，也沒(méi)有任何高樓大廈被建立起來(lái)是因?yàn)閱疼耪f(shuō)了什么或者寫(xiě)了什么；然而，當(dāng)我們讀它的書(shū)的時(shí)候，我們身上每一個(gè)毛孔都充滿(mǎn)了道德”
這句話(huà)不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒(méi)有因?yàn)閱疼诺难哉摱a(chǎn)生任何實(shí)際的行為規(guī)則或政治機(jī)構(gòu)，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。
As she put it in The Common Reader , "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ."
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .（4+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、專(zhuān)有名詞
譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲行揎棾煞謽O多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)。前面的狀語(yǔ)和主句還好理解，從leaving開(kāi)始句子變難；leaving引導(dǎo)的直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)做整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)；分詞中又包含了三個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，其中的兩個(gè)via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語(yǔ)的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。
本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專(zhuān)有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過(guò)字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism 和muscle這三個(gè)詞在生物類(lèi)文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來(lái)；而glycogen這種東西則沒(méi)辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GRE和 GMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專(zhuān)有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓(xùn)練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. （3+）
難句類(lèi)型：插入語(yǔ)
譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛(ài)——在那些奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來(lái)——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲胁迦胝Z(yǔ)的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半個(gè)分句中的主語(yǔ)that slaves' preference與系動(dòng)詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. （4）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說(shuō)、音樂(lè)、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
解釋?zhuān)河蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，encouraged的賓語(yǔ)the transmission of the Black heritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的and so 分開(kāi)，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語(yǔ)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. （3+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛(ài)很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻（union with close kin）的禁止。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪溆袃蓚€(gè)插入語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。West African rules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(governing marriage), 第二個(gè)是以which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語(yǔ)though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語(yǔ)之間的聯(lián)系。
意群訓(xùn)練：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. （4+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞
譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見(jiàn)所下的定義——即"以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見(jiàn)，而該群體在任何特定的種族競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族"——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國(guó)人以及中世紀(jì)的*人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪溟L(zhǎng)度驚人，插入部分比較長(zhǎng)，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入語(yǔ)as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語(yǔ)his definition of racial prejudice的同位語(yǔ)，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬(wàn)水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語(yǔ)義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高。考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)如無(wú)法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說(shuō)的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說(shuō)其理論對(duì)華人和*人相對(duì)無(wú)用。
意群訓(xùn)練： His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States， but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of
ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the
Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
11. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold， and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any
possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.（5）
難免類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾
譯文：類(lèi)似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類(lèi)似的方面上所發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來(lái)與大腦的體驗(yàn)以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谥匾陨先匀皇俏⒉蛔愕赖摹?BR> 解釋?zhuān)杭词故浅蹙氹y免的人其實(shí)也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語(yǔ)言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十二個(gè)單詞的大東西的時(shí)候，實(shí)在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)距離系動(dòng)詞 remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請(qǐng)讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺(jué)：順序閱讀原文時(shí)，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是 such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.
意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as
had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation
with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.
12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits . (5) 有可能通過(guò)其他方法來(lái)證明神經(jīng)元種類(lèi)間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異；可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異所影響的，而這些差異看起來(lái)卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。
難免類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝
解釋?zhuān)号c很多人的印象相反，lack從來(lái)就不能作形容詞，它只有動(dòng)詞或名詞的詞性。其形容詞的形式是lacking,意思是缺乏的、不足的。
本句的在however 之前和之后的兩個(gè)分句，是兩個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前一個(gè)是小倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序是： to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods: however后面是個(gè)大倒裝，lacking之后的that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)人名是修飾主語(yǔ)proof的，但是因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)，所以為了避免頭重腳輕，被放到 lacking之后，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是proof that the quality of ……was lacking
意群訓(xùn)練：It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types;however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influencedx by these differences, which seemed instead to influencthe developmental patterning of the neural circuits.
譯文：那種性別比例能在程度上增加一個(gè)個(gè)體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。
難句類(lèi)型：倒裝、省略
a 本句的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored.但是因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)That sex ratio之后的以which引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句，如果按照以上語(yǔ)序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的從句倒裝成謂語(yǔ)will be favored之后。
b在which引導(dǎo)的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)the number of descendants that an individuall will have中， an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語(yǔ)從句，但是，因?yàn)閐escendants在從句中作have的賓語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個(gè)the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“化一個(gè)個(gè)體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。
意群訓(xùn)練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.
2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower (5++)復(fù)雜+倒裝+省略;
（這是一種）照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，此欲望從來(lái)就不會(huì)唐突的取代后面的那種欲望，后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個(gè)兼任小說(shuō)加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渥拥碾y度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考試中所出現(xiàn)的難句中堪稱(chēng)登峰造極，可以確定地講，類(lèi)似此句子的難度的語(yǔ)言，在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)絕無(wú)可能出現(xiàn)。如果對(duì)此句話(huà)不感興趣，可以把其廢掉不讀。
A、這句話(huà)讀起來(lái)別扭的第一個(gè)原因，是因?yàn)樗揪筒皇且粋€(gè)句子。句首省略了this is 。這種用一個(gè)詞代替一個(gè)句子的方式如果在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)，只能出現(xiàn)在高級(jí)英語(yǔ)中，因此我們以前的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過(guò)。其形式類(lèi)似于我們中文的“精彩”是 “這句話(huà)真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟著兩個(gè)大的修飾成分，一個(gè)是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒裝到了over reality之后，正常應(yīng)是throw a light over reality.不過(guò)這個(gè)便裝部分與throw距離不遠(yuǎn)，讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個(gè)修飾成分。注意：從that開(kāi)始直到句尾結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)從句不是修飾其前的light的，而是修飾一開(kāi)始的desire的。
C、第二個(gè)修飾成分中又來(lái)了一個(gè)倒裝，由于作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào)never,所以將其提前，引發(fā)了定語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝：正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是that might never be given away，倒裝后系動(dòng)詞was被提前，given因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞might之后所以變成了原型give。A give way to B，是A讓位于B，而A be given way to B， 則是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修飾后面的desire，what引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)名詞。What從句中的不定式to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一個(gè)避免頭重腳輕的倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能夠看懂這句話(huà)的結(jié)構(gòu)，可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是，哈代(注：人名老的沖動(dòng)是一種簡(jiǎn)單的、說(shuō)明現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望，新沖動(dòng)是一種即是小說(shuō)家又像科學(xué)家的仔細(xì)研究一個(gè)東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的欲望（新沖動(dòng)），前一種欲望是永遠(yuǎn)也不能取代后者的。
意群訓(xùn)練：（This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower
3. Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. （3）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無(wú)能，無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái)；另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。
解釋?zhuān)航樵~from的賓語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)并列的部分，由and所連接，在and之后的第二個(gè)from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個(gè)原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太長(zhǎng)，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來(lái)；二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。
意群訓(xùn)練： Hardy's weakenssderived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergentimpulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.
4. Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. （5）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞
譯文：弗吉尼亞.伍爾夫（Virginia Woolf）在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對(duì)"詩(shī)性"小說(shuō)家（poetic novelist）所形成的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解大相徑庭。所謂的"詩(shī)性"小說(shuō)家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個(gè)體意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪涠禾?hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)有些難，但總的來(lái)講比較好懂，since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句較難。
A、 since之后的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語(yǔ)an aspect之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分，一個(gè)是of her literary interests， 另一個(gè)是以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 連接的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerned with doing 修飾novelist.
B、句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當(dāng)中，修飾interests的定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞＋be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之后，由于concerned with與前面的concerned with重復(fù)，所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一個(gè)難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評(píng)論題材的文章的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.
5. As she put it in The Common Reader , "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ."（5-）
抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻
就像她在《致普通讀者》一書(shū)中所表達(dá)的那樣，“盡管可以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何法律被指定出來(lái)，也沒(méi)有任何高樓大廈被建立起來(lái)是因?yàn)閱疼耪f(shuō)了什么或者寫(xiě)了什么；然而，當(dāng)我們讀它的書(shū)的時(shí)候，我們身上每一個(gè)毛孔都充滿(mǎn)了道德”
這句話(huà)不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒(méi)有因?yàn)閱疼诺难哉摱a(chǎn)生任何實(shí)際的行為規(guī)則或政治機(jī)構(gòu)，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。
As she put it in The Common Reader , "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ."
6. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .（4+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、專(zhuān)有名詞
譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲行揎棾煞謽O多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)。前面的狀語(yǔ)和主句還好理解，從leaving開(kāi)始句子變難；leaving引導(dǎo)的直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)做整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)；分詞中又包含了三個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，其中的兩個(gè)via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語(yǔ)的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。
本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專(zhuān)有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過(guò)字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism 和muscle這三個(gè)詞在生物類(lèi)文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來(lái)；而glycogen這種東西則沒(méi)辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GRE和 GMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專(zhuān)有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。
意群訓(xùn)練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .
7. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. （3+）
難句類(lèi)型：插入語(yǔ)
譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛(ài)——在那些奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來(lái)——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲胁迦胝Z(yǔ)的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半個(gè)分句中的主語(yǔ)that slaves' preference與系動(dòng)詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的困難。
意群訓(xùn)練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
8. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. （4）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說(shuō)、音樂(lè)、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
解釋?zhuān)河蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，encouraged的賓語(yǔ)the transmission of the Black heritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的and so 分開(kāi)，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語(yǔ)。
意群訓(xùn)練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
9. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. （3+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)
譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛(ài)很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻（union with close kin）的禁止。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪溆袃蓚€(gè)插入語(yǔ)，第一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。West African rules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(governing marriage), 第二個(gè)是以which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語(yǔ)though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語(yǔ)之間的聯(lián)系。
意群訓(xùn)練：This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.
10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. （4+）
難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、抽象詞
譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見(jiàn)所下的定義——即"以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見(jiàn)，而該群體在任何特定的種族競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族"——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國(guó)人以及中世紀(jì)的*人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。
解釋?zhuān)罕揪溟L(zhǎng)度驚人，插入部分比較長(zhǎng)，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入語(yǔ)as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語(yǔ)his definition of racial prejudice的同位語(yǔ)，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬(wàn)水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語(yǔ)義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高。考試現(xiàn)場(chǎng)如無(wú)法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說(shuō)的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說(shuō)其理論對(duì)華人和*人相對(duì)無(wú)用。
意群訓(xùn)練： His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States， but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of
ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the
Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
11. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold， and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any
possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.（5）
難免類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾
譯文：類(lèi)似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過(guò)程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類(lèi)似的方面上所發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來(lái)與大腦的體驗(yàn)以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谥匾陨先匀皇俏⒉蛔愕赖摹?BR> 解釋?zhuān)杭词故浅蹙氹y免的人其實(shí)也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語(yǔ)言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)達(dá)十二個(gè)單詞的大東西的時(shí)候，實(shí)在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)距離系動(dòng)詞 remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請(qǐng)讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺(jué)：順序閱讀原文時(shí)，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是 such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.
意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as
had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation
with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.
12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ; however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits . (5) 有可能通過(guò)其他方法來(lái)證明神經(jīng)元種類(lèi)間的細(xì)微的結(jié)構(gòu)差異；可是，這樣的證據(jù)是缺乏的，即神經(jīng)沖動(dòng)的性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)是受這些差異所影響的，而這些差異看起來(lái)卻能影響神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)育模式。
難免類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、倒裝
解釋?zhuān)号c很多人的印象相反，lack從來(lái)就不能作形容詞，它只有動(dòng)詞或名詞的詞性。其形容詞的形式是lacking,意思是缺乏的、不足的。
本句的在however 之前和之后的兩個(gè)分句，是兩個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，前一個(gè)是小倒裝，正常語(yǔ)序是： to demonstrate refined structural differences among neuron types by other methods: however后面是個(gè)大倒裝，lacking之后的that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)人名是修飾主語(yǔ)proof的，但是因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)，所以為了避免頭重腳輕，被放到 lacking之后，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是proof that the quality of ……was lacking
意群訓(xùn)練：It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types;however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influencedx by these differences, which seemed instead to influencthe developmental patterning of the neural circuits.