主要考查對(duì)文章進(jìn)行概括或總結(jié)的能力，要求在閱讀短文時(shí)，能夠提煉文章的中心思想，體會(huì)作者的主要寫作意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過(guò)字里行間獲取文章具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。
（一）出題形式：主旨大意題命題形式主要有三大類：一類是概括中心思想（main idea）型；一類是確定文章標(biāo)題或主題（topic/title/headline）型；還有一類是詢問(wèn)文章的寫作目的（purpose）。
1） What would be the best title for the text？
2） What is the topic of the text？
3） Which of the following best expresses the main idea？
4） The best title/headline for this passage might be ______.
5） The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.
6） Which of the following statements is best supported by the text？
7） Which of the following best summarizes the passage？
8） The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ______.
9） The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.
（二）答案位置：大部分文章都有主題句（topic sentence），主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種：
1）在開頭出現(xiàn)；
2）在結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)；
3）在開頭和結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，首尾呼應(yīng)；
4）有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。
進(jìn)入：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀超級(jí)攻略
還不明白就去考試大在線網(wǎng)上輔導(dǎo)
（三）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
1. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take tine, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面團(tuán)) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work. I went on preparing the rest if the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went out side, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped close and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the sough to dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as thought it were breathing . It looked like some unknown being from outer space. I could see why Doug was shaken. I had to admit what the “l(fā)iving thing” was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尷尬) by the whole thing –Doug or me.
The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________
a.to tell an interesting experience.
b.To show the easiest way out of a difficulty.
c.To describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
d.To explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
2 Decision thinking is not unlike poker--- it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games of “perfect information”, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of “imperfect information”, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quit the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors which would even puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
The subject discussed in this text is _____
a. the process of reaching decision
b. the difference between poker and chess
c. the secret of making good business plans
d. the value of information in winning games
3 Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious, In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暫時(shí)的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem, the death of a loves one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(長(zhǎng)期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support; our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _________.
a. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts
b. we depend on various people for different reasons
c. lonely people don’t have many social problems
d. lonely people don’t have many friends
What is the best title for the passage?
a. Three Kinds of Loneliness.
b. Loneliness and Diseases
c. Loneliness and Social Contacts
d. Chronic Loneliness.
（一）出題形式：主旨大意題命題形式主要有三大類：一類是概括中心思想（main idea）型；一類是確定文章標(biāo)題或主題（topic/title/headline）型；還有一類是詢問(wèn)文章的寫作目的（purpose）。
1） What would be the best title for the text？
2） What is the topic of the text？
3） Which of the following best expresses the main idea？
4） The best title/headline for this passage might be ______.
5） The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.
6） Which of the following statements is best supported by the text？
7） Which of the following best summarizes the passage？
8） The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ______.
9） The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.
（二）答案位置：大部分文章都有主題句（topic sentence），主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主題句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主題句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。主題句呈現(xiàn)形式通常有以下幾種：
1）在開頭出現(xiàn)；
2）在結(jié)尾出現(xiàn)；
3）在開頭和結(jié)尾同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，首尾呼應(yīng)；
4）有些文章的中心思想貫穿全文，并沒(méi)有用一句話明確表達(dá)出來(lái)，這就要求學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括。
進(jìn)入：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀超級(jí)攻略
還不明白就去考試大在線網(wǎng)上輔導(dǎo)
（三）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練
1. The easy way out isn’t always easiest. I learned that lesson when I decided to treat Doug, my husband of one month, to a special meal. I glanced through my cookbook and chose a menu which included homemade bread. Knowing the bread would take tine, I started on it as soon as Doug left for work. As I was not experienced in cooking, I thought if a dozen was good, two dozen would be better, so I doubled everything. As Doug loved oranges, I also opened a can of orange and poured it all into the bowl. Soon there was a sticky dough (面團(tuán)) covered with ugly yellowish marks. Realizing I had been defeated, I put the dough in the rubbish bin outside so I wouldn’t have to face Doug laughing at my work. I went on preparing the rest if the meal, and, when Doug got home, we sat down to Cornish chicken with rice. He tried to enjoy the meal but seemed disturbed. Twice he got up and went out side, saying he thought he heard a noise. The third time he left, I went to the window to see what he was doing. Looking out, I saw Doug standing about three feet from the rubbish bin, holding the lid up with a stick and looking into the container. When I came out of the house, he dropped the stick and explained that there was something alive in our rubbish bin . Picking up the stick again, he held the lid up enough for me to see. I felt cold. But I stepped close and looked harder. Without doubt it was my work. The hot sun had caused the sough to dough to double in size and the fermenting yeast (酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as thought it were breathing . It looked like some unknown being from outer space. I could see why Doug was shaken. I had to admit what the “l(fā)iving thing” was and why it was there. I don’t know who was more embarrassed (尷尬) by the whole thing –Doug or me.
The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ___________
a.to tell an interesting experience.
b.To show the easiest way out of a difficulty.
c.To describe the trouble facing a newly married woman
d.To explain the difficulty of learning to cook from books
2 Decision thinking is not unlike poker--- it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think. The mental process is similar. Naturally, this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are, by any standards, good thinkers.
The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory. In particular, he showed that all games of “perfect information”, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills. Then there are games of “imperfect information”, like poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quit the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors which would even puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
The subject discussed in this text is _____
a. the process of reaching decision
b. the difference between poker and chess
c. the secret of making good business plans
d. the value of information in winning games
3 Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious, In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary(暫時(shí)的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation—for example a family problem, the death of a loves one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic(長(zhǎng)期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support; our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
The topic of the 4th paragraph is that _________.
a. one problem of loneliness is a person’s social contacts
b. we depend on various people for different reasons
c. lonely people don’t have many social problems
d. lonely people don’t have many friends
What is the best title for the passage?
a. Three Kinds of Loneliness.
b. Loneliness and Diseases
c. Loneliness and Social Contacts
d. Chronic Loneliness.