??眾所周知，英語的被動語態(tài)是由be＋及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。有人認(rèn)為似乎所有的及物動詞都可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的被動語。其實(shí)不然，至少在某種意義上，有些及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。
??一、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“擁有”、“容納”、“缺少”概念的及物動詞時(shí)。例如：
??1．The millionaire possesses great wealth．這位百萬富翁擁有大量的財(cái)富。
??不能說：Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire．
??2．The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water．新水庫蓄水量很大。
??不能說：A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir．
??3．The house comprises five rooms．這幢房子有五個房間。
??不能說：Five rooms are comprised by the house．
??4，John Smith always lacks confidence．約翰·史密斯總是缺乏自信心。
??不能說：Confidence is always lacked by John Smith．
??二、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“適合”的及物動詞，如suit，become，fit等時(shí)，沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??1．The blue skirt becomes Mary very well．這條藍(lán)裙子瑪麗穿上去很合適。
??不能說：Mary is become very well by the blue skirt．
??2．Will the date suit you？這個日子對你合適嗎？
??不能說：Will you be suited by the date？
??3．We should fit our deeds to our words．我們應(yīng)該言行一致。
??不能說：Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us．
??三、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“相互作用”的及物動詞，如：equal，mean，resemble等時(shí)。
??1．No one equals him in intelligence．他的智力是無與倫比的。
??不能說：He is equaled by no one in intelligence．
??2．Revolution means liberating productive force．革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力。
??不能說：Liberating productive force is meant by revolution．
??3．The two boys resemble each other in appearance．這兩個男孩長得相似。
??不能說：Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance．
??四、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“明白”意義的及物動詞，如：get，catch，take時(shí)，也沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??1．The boy said，“I didn't catch the last two words．”這個男孩說：“我沒聽清楚最后兩個詞?！?BR> ??不能說：The boy said，“The last two words weren't caught by me．”
??2．I don't take you at all．你說的我一點(diǎn)也不懂。
??不能說：You aren't taken by me at all．
??五、動詞have作“有、接受、度過、吃、經(jīng)歷”解時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??1．I have five good dictionaries．我有五本好詞典。
??不能說：Five good dictionaries are had by me．
??2．I had three letters from Mr．Green．我收到過格林先生三封信。
??不能說：Three letters were had by me from Mr．Green．
??3．We shall have a good Spring Festival．我們將過一個愉快的春節(jié)。
??不能說：A good Spring Festival will be had by us．
??4．I usually have breakfast at half past six．我通常六點(diǎn)半吃早飯。
??不能說：Breakfast is usually had by me at half past six．
??六、當(dāng)及物動詞last表示“持續(xù)”、“經(jīng)久”的含義時(shí)，也沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??This coat has lasted me five years．這件外衣我已穿了五年。
??不能說：I have been lasted five years by this coat．
??七、及物動詞cost表示“價(jià)值”、“花費(fèi)”意義時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??That project cost them too much in man-power，material and money．那項(xiàng)工程耗費(fèi)了他們大量的人力、物力和財(cái)力。
??不能說：They were cost too much in manpower，material and money by the project．
??八、及物動詞“befall”表示“臨到……頭上”，“發(fā)生于”之意時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??A succession of misfortunes befell the poor little girl．這個可憐的女孩遭受了種種不幸。
??不能說：The poor little girl was befallen by a succession of misfortunes．
??綜上所述，并非所有的及物動詞都可用于被動語態(tài)。所以我們要仔細(xì)辨析，以免用錯。
??一、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“擁有”、“容納”、“缺少”概念的及物動詞時(shí)。例如：
??1．The millionaire possesses great wealth．這位百萬富翁擁有大量的財(cái)富。
??不能說：Great wealth is possessed by the millionaire．
??2．The newly-constructed reservoir holds a lot of water．新水庫蓄水量很大。
??不能說：A lot of water is held by the newly-constructed reser-voir．
??3．The house comprises five rooms．這幢房子有五個房間。
??不能說：Five rooms are comprised by the house．
??4，John Smith always lacks confidence．約翰·史密斯總是缺乏自信心。
??不能說：Confidence is always lacked by John Smith．
??二、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“適合”的及物動詞，如suit，become，fit等時(shí)，沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??1．The blue skirt becomes Mary very well．這條藍(lán)裙子瑪麗穿上去很合適。
??不能說：Mary is become very well by the blue skirt．
??2．Will the date suit you？這個日子對你合適嗎？
??不能說：Will you be suited by the date？
??3．We should fit our deeds to our words．我們應(yīng)該言行一致。
??不能說：Our deeds should be fitted to our words by us．
??三、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“相互作用”的及物動詞，如：equal，mean，resemble等時(shí)。
??1．No one equals him in intelligence．他的智力是無與倫比的。
??不能說：He is equaled by no one in intelligence．
??2．Revolution means liberating productive force．革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力。
??不能說：Liberating productive force is meant by revolution．
??3．The two boys resemble each other in appearance．這兩個男孩長得相似。
??不能說：Each other is resembled by the two boys in appearance．
??四、當(dāng)句子的謂語是表示“明白”意義的及物動詞，如：get，catch，take時(shí)，也沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??1．The boy said，“I didn't catch the last two words．”這個男孩說：“我沒聽清楚最后兩個詞?！?BR> ??不能說：The boy said，“The last two words weren't caught by me．”
??2．I don't take you at all．你說的我一點(diǎn)也不懂。
??不能說：You aren't taken by me at all．
??五、動詞have作“有、接受、度過、吃、經(jīng)歷”解時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??1．I have five good dictionaries．我有五本好詞典。
??不能說：Five good dictionaries are had by me．
??2．I had three letters from Mr．Green．我收到過格林先生三封信。
??不能說：Three letters were had by me from Mr．Green．
??3．We shall have a good Spring Festival．我們將過一個愉快的春節(jié)。
??不能說：A good Spring Festival will be had by us．
??4．I usually have breakfast at half past six．我通常六點(diǎn)半吃早飯。
??不能說：Breakfast is usually had by me at half past six．
??六、當(dāng)及物動詞last表示“持續(xù)”、“經(jīng)久”的含義時(shí)，也沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
??This coat has lasted me five years．這件外衣我已穿了五年。
??不能說：I have been lasted five years by this coat．
??七、及物動詞cost表示“價(jià)值”、“花費(fèi)”意義時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??That project cost them too much in man-power，material and money．那項(xiàng)工程耗費(fèi)了他們大量的人力、物力和財(cái)力。
??不能說：They were cost too much in manpower，material and money by the project．
??八、及物動詞“befall”表示“臨到……頭上”，“發(fā)生于”之意時(shí)，沒有被動語態(tài)。
??A succession of misfortunes befell the poor little girl．這個可憐的女孩遭受了種種不幸。
??不能說：The poor little girl was befallen by a succession of misfortunes．
??綜上所述，并非所有的及物動詞都可用于被動語態(tài)。所以我們要仔細(xì)辨析，以免用錯。