??集合名詞，也叫集體名詞，是英語中表示某一群人或某一類物的集合體。集合名詞的難點(diǎn)，主要在于其作主語時的主謂一致問題。
??漢語謂語動詞因?yàn)闆]有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，所以我國學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語的集合名詞時，常常為謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題大傷腦筋。筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，查閱了大量資料，總結(jié)出幾條規(guī)律，以饗讀者。
??一、某些有生命的集合名詞（表示人或者動物），本身有單／復(fù)數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時，若作主語，則謂語可用單數(shù)／復(fù)數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)而定，若強(qiáng)調(diào)許多個體，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個整體，則用單數(shù)。其為復(fù)數(shù)時，不言而喻，謂語必須用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：此類名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義并不完全相同，漢譯時一定要當(dāng)心。如army（一國之軍隊(duì)），armies（多國部隊(duì)）；couple（一對夫婦），couples（多對夫婦）；等。常見的此類集合名詞有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，會眾），council（市議會，理事會），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom ，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民）， union，university等。
??1．The staff is／are hardworking．
??2．The audience were moved to tears．
??3．The lecturer draws large audiences．
??4．The whole school was punished．
??5．The class consists of 40 students．
??6．This class are diligent．
??7．The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it．
??8．One tenth of the population of Egypt is／are Christian．
??二、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教職工）， herd，mankind，military，militia（民團(tuán)、民兵）， people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（豬），vermin，womankind等。
??9．There are three people waving at us．
??10．The police haven't arrived yet．
??11．There are verm in here．
??12．Some people are never satisfied．
??13．The police／military have surrounded the building．
?
??【注】people作民族講時有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are 56 peoples in China．
??三、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后可跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（資產(chǎn)階級），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知識分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（無產(chǎn)階級），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。
??14．The youth today is ／are better off than we used to be．
??15．Her offspring is ／are like her in every respect．
??16．The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman．
??【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外，還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如：
??Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose．
??Som e youths don't like jazz．
??四、某些表示國家、公司、機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動隊(duì)等名稱的專有名詞也可當(dāng)作集合名詞使用，其后通常跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Krem lin， Liverpool，Macm illan，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂岡），White House等。
??17．Arsenal is ／are playing well in this season．
??18．Macmillan have ／has made a good profit this year．
??19．The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican．
??20．The Netherlands has ／have a monarchy．
??21．The BBC is showing the program on Saturday．
??22．Liverpool is leading 1—0．
??23．Liverpool are attacking again．
??五、某些無生命的集合名詞（表示物）作主語時，通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：aircraft，baggage， clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（樹葉），footwear，furniture，glassware，hardware，hosiery，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery，underclothing，underwear，vegetation，weaponry等。
??24．All the furniture in my room is new．
??25．The merchandize has arrived undamaged．
??26．There is not much vegetation in deserts．
??27．The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped．
??28．Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates．
??29．The machinery is driven by electrici-ty．
??【過關(guān)演練】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
??1．The staff __________（have）gone for their lunch．
??2．The crews of several ships __________（be）in port．
??3．The present government，which hasn't been in power long，__________（be）trying to control inflation．It isn't having much success．
??4．The government，who __________（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon．
??5．The jury __________（be）divided in opinion．
??6．The committee __________（have）held its first m eeting．
??7．Almost every family in this village __________（have）a man in the army．
??8．The whole family __________（be）in tears．
??9．The poultry __________（be）being fed．
??10．The Kremlin __________（have）refused to accept the plan proposed by America．
? 答案：
??1．have 2．were 3．is 4．a(chǎn)re 5．were 6．has 7．has 8．a(chǎn)re 9．a(chǎn)re ／were 10．has ／have
??漢語謂語動詞因?yàn)闆]有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，所以我國學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)英語的集合名詞時，常常為謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)問題大傷腦筋。筆者結(jié)合自己的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，查閱了大量資料，總結(jié)出幾條規(guī)律，以饗讀者。
??一、某些有生命的集合名詞（表示人或者動物），本身有單／復(fù)數(shù)之分。其為單數(shù)時，若作主語，則謂語可用單數(shù)／復(fù)數(shù)。主要依據(jù)說話者強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)而定，若強(qiáng)調(diào)許多個體，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個整體，則用單數(shù)。其為復(fù)數(shù)時，不言而喻，謂語必須用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：此類名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義并不完全相同，漢譯時一定要當(dāng)心。如army（一國之軍隊(duì)），armies（多國部隊(duì)）；couple（一對夫婦），couples（多對夫婦）；等。常見的此類集合名詞有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，會眾），council（市議會，理事會），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom ，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民）， union，university等。
??1．The staff is／are hardworking．
??2．The audience were moved to tears．
??3．The lecturer draws large audiences．
??4．The whole school was punished．
??5．The class consists of 40 students．
??6．This class are diligent．
??7．The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it．
??8．One tenth of the population of Egypt is／are Christian．
??二、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教職工）， herd，mankind，military，militia（民團(tuán)、民兵）， people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（豬），vermin，womankind等。
??9．There are three people waving at us．
??10．The police haven't arrived yet．
??11．There are verm in here．
??12．Some people are never satisfied．
??13．The police／military have surrounded the building．
?
??【注】people作民族講時有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： There are 56 peoples in China．
??三、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無復(fù)數(shù)形式，其后可跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（資產(chǎn)階級），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知識分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（無產(chǎn)階級），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。
??14．The youth today is ／are better off than we used to be．
??15．Her offspring is ／are like her in every respect．
??16．The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman．
??【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外，還可以作可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。如：
??Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose．
??Som e youths don't like jazz．
??四、某些表示國家、公司、機(jī)構(gòu)、運(yùn)動隊(duì)等名稱的專有名詞也可當(dāng)作集合名詞使用，其后通常跟單／復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。常見的此類集合名詞有：Arsenal，BBC，Congress，Krem lin， Liverpool，Macm illan，Netherlands，Parliament，Pentagon，Vatican（梵蒂岡），White House等。
??17．Arsenal is ／are playing well in this season．
??18．Macmillan have ／has made a good profit this year．
??19．The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican．
??20．The Netherlands has ／have a monarchy．
??21．The BBC is showing the program on Saturday．
??22．Liverpool is leading 1—0．
??23．Liverpool are attacking again．
??五、某些無生命的集合名詞（表示物）作主語時，通常被看成不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。常見的此類集合名詞有：aircraft，baggage， clothing，crockery，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（樹葉），footwear，furniture，glassware，hardware，hosiery，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize，poetry，pottery，silverware，stationery，underclothing，underwear，vegetation，weaponry等。
??24．All the furniture in my room is new．
??25．The merchandize has arrived undamaged．
??26．There is not much vegetation in deserts．
??27．The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped．
??28．Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates．
??29．The machinery is driven by electrici-ty．
??【過關(guān)演練】用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
??1．The staff __________（have）gone for their lunch．
??2．The crews of several ships __________（be）in port．
??3．The present government，which hasn't been in power long，__________（be）trying to control inflation．It isn't having much success．
??4．The government，who __________（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon．
??5．The jury __________（be）divided in opinion．
??6．The committee __________（have）held its first m eeting．
??7．Almost every family in this village __________（have）a man in the army．
??8．The whole family __________（be）in tears．
??9．The poultry __________（be）being fed．
??10．The Kremlin __________（have）refused to accept the plan proposed by America．
? 答案：
??1．have 2．were 3．is 4．a(chǎn)re 5．were 6．has 7．has 8．a(chǎn)re 9．a(chǎn)re ／were 10．has ／have