??英語句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞必須同句中主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主謂一致主要從語法結(jié)構(gòu)要求和語意要求兩方面來考慮。
I．就前一致原則中的主謂一致
王先生偕同妻子去了武漢。
誤：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Wuhan．
正：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Wuhan．
解：當(dāng)主語為單數(shù)名詞，后跟有as well as，along with，as much as，accompanied by，but，except，including，in company with，like，more than，no less than，plus，together with，with，rather than等引導(dǎo)的修飾語或插入語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常按照語法一致的原則，依主語即中心詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
II．就近一致原則中的主謂一致
不是你錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。
誤：Either you or I are wrong．
正：Either you or I am wrong．
解：由or，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，not only．．．
but（also），not．．．but連接的并列主語，通常根據(jù)就近原則，其謂語動(dòng)詞依最接近它的名詞或代詞的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。
III．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)名詞表達(dá)一個(gè)共同的概念時(shí)的主謂一致
看見一套馬車向我們走來。
誤：A cart and horse are seen coming to us．
正：A cart and horse is seen coming to us．
解：當(dāng)and所連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語是指同一件事或指一個(gè)概念時(shí)，其謂語要用單數(shù)。本題中a cart and horse是指一個(gè)共同的概念，意為“一套馬車”，其謂語采用單數(shù)。下列名詞短語通?？醋鲉螖?shù)：
a needle and thread 一套針線
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯
bread and butter 奶油面包
aim and end 目的
truth and honesty 真誠
capacity and efficiency 效能
ignorance and negligence 玩忽無知
love and affection 感情
trial and error 試驗(yàn)摸索
time and tide 歲月
iron and steel 鋼鐵
the wear and tear 磨損；消耗
law and order 治安
IV．當(dāng)一個(gè)人或一件事兼兩種身份而作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
那位空軍中將參謀長在那次空難中喪生了。
誤：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff were killed in the air crash．
正：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff was killed in the air crash．
解：由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，通常謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。本題中“空軍中將”和“參謀長”指的是同一個(gè)人，故其謂語用單數(shù)。試比較下列句子：
a．A journalist and a novelist have come to see you．一個(gè)新聞?dòng)浾吆鸵粋€(gè)小說家來看你。（指兩個(gè)人）
b．A journalist and novelist has come to see you．一個(gè)新聞?dòng)浾呒嫘≌f家來看你。（指一個(gè)人）
V．each ＋名詞＋and each ＋名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
每個(gè)男孩和女孩都得到一支鉛筆。
誤：Each boy and each girl have got a pencil．
正：Each boy and each girl has got a pencil．
解：由each修飾且由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語要用單數(shù)。例如：
Each man and each woman has the same rights．每個(gè)男女都有同樣的權(quán)利。
下面兩種情況，動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)：
1．every ＋單數(shù)名詞＋and（every）＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。例如：
Every minibus，taxiand omnibus is full．每一輛小型公共汽車，出租車和公共汽車都坐滿了。
2．no＋單數(shù)名詞＋and（no）＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。例如：
No teacher and no student is admitted．教師和學(xué)生都不得入內(nèi)。
VI．由many a，more than one修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1．編寫這本字典花了許多年時(shí)間。
誤：Many a year were spent compiling the dictio- nary．
正：Many a year was spent compiling the dictio- nary．
2．這里不止一個(gè)人染上了這種疾博?
誤：More than one person here have been infected with the disease．
正：More than one person here has been infected with the disease．
解：由many a，more than one修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，雖表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語須用單數(shù)。
I．就前一致原則中的主謂一致
王先生偕同妻子去了武漢。
誤：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Wuhan．
正：Mr．Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Wuhan．
解：當(dāng)主語為單數(shù)名詞，后跟有as well as，along with，as much as，accompanied by，but，except，including，in company with，like，more than，no less than，plus，together with，with，rather than等引導(dǎo)的修飾語或插入語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常按照語法一致的原則，依主語即中心詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
II．就近一致原則中的主謂一致
不是你錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。
誤：Either you or I are wrong．
正：Either you or I am wrong．
解：由or，either．．．or，neither．．．nor，not only．．．
but（also），not．．．but連接的并列主語，通常根據(jù)就近原則，其謂語動(dòng)詞依最接近它的名詞或代詞的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。
III．a(chǎn)nd 連接的兩個(gè)名詞表達(dá)一個(gè)共同的概念時(shí)的主謂一致
看見一套馬車向我們走來。
誤：A cart and horse are seen coming to us．
正：A cart and horse is seen coming to us．
解：當(dāng)and所連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語是指同一件事或指一個(gè)概念時(shí)，其謂語要用單數(shù)。本題中a cart and horse是指一個(gè)共同的概念，意為“一套馬車”，其謂語采用單數(shù)。下列名詞短語通?？醋鲉螖?shù)：
a needle and thread 一套針線
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯
bread and butter 奶油面包
aim and end 目的
truth and honesty 真誠
capacity and efficiency 效能
ignorance and negligence 玩忽無知
love and affection 感情
trial and error 試驗(yàn)摸索
time and tide 歲月
iron and steel 鋼鐵
the wear and tear 磨損；消耗
law and order 治安
IV．當(dāng)一個(gè)人或一件事兼兩種身份而作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
那位空軍中將參謀長在那次空難中喪生了。
誤：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff were killed in the air crash．
正：The Air-marshal and chief-of-staff was killed in the air crash．
解：由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，通常謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。本題中“空軍中將”和“參謀長”指的是同一個(gè)人，故其謂語用單數(shù)。試比較下列句子：
a．A journalist and a novelist have come to see you．一個(gè)新聞?dòng)浾吆鸵粋€(gè)小說家來看你。（指兩個(gè)人）
b．A journalist and novelist has come to see you．一個(gè)新聞?dòng)浾呒嫘≌f家來看你。（指一個(gè)人）
V．each ＋名詞＋and each ＋名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
每個(gè)男孩和女孩都得到一支鉛筆。
誤：Each boy and each girl have got a pencil．
正：Each boy and each girl has got a pencil．
解：由each修飾且由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語要用單數(shù)。例如：
Each man and each woman has the same rights．每個(gè)男女都有同樣的權(quán)利。
下面兩種情況，動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)：
1．every ＋單數(shù)名詞＋and（every）＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。例如：
Every minibus，taxiand omnibus is full．每一輛小型公共汽車，出租車和公共汽車都坐滿了。
2．no＋單數(shù)名詞＋and（no）＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)。例如：
No teacher and no student is admitted．教師和學(xué)生都不得入內(nèi)。
VI．由many a，more than one修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致
1．編寫這本字典花了許多年時(shí)間。
誤：Many a year were spent compiling the dictio- nary．
正：Many a year was spent compiling the dictio- nary．
2．這里不止一個(gè)人染上了這種疾博?
誤：More than one person here have been infected with the disease．
正：More than one person here has been infected with the disease．
解：由many a，more than one修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，雖表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語須用單數(shù)。