??主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間數(shù)的一致是英語(yǔ)中非常重要的關(guān)系。決定主謂一致的有若干原則，如語(yǔ)法一致（grammatical agreement）、意義一致（notional agreement）、就近一致（principle of proximity）等。主謂的語(yǔ)法一致就是從語(yǔ)法上取得一致，即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù)形式。下面著重談?wù)勚髦^的語(yǔ)法一致原則在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試中容易出錯(cuò)的的幾種情況：
??1．如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Growing vegetables needs constant watering．
??2．單一的動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：
??Writing stories and articles is what I enjoy most．
??3．介詞短語(yǔ)和副詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：
??In the desk is where he left it．
??Slowly is exactly how he speaks．
??4．主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)（what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句除外）時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Whether or not we'll go to Beijing has not been decided yet．
??5．所有由兩部分組成的物體的名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)不用量詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
??The trousers fit me very well．
??6．如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，like，but，except，including，in addition to，as well as，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，accompanied by，followed by等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受影響。如果主語(yǔ)原來(lái)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也為單數(shù)形式；如果主語(yǔ)原來(lái)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
??John like his parents is very kind to others all the time．
??The workers as well as the manager are working very hard．
??7．a(chǎn)ny＋單數(shù)名詞，some ＋單數(shù)名詞，every ，each，every．．．a(chǎn)nd．．．，each．．． and．．．，either，neither，another， the other，anybody，nobody，somebody，everybody， anyone，no one，someone，every one，anything，nothing，something，everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在正式英語(yǔ)中要求動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Every man and woman is treated in the same way．
??Neither of them has been to Beijing．
??Somebody is waiting for you in the next room．
??8．不可數(shù)名詞前面如果有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面常跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。如：
??Four kilometers of water were polluted in yesterday's oil leaking．
??9．many a，more than one，no one except＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管意義是復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Many a person has had that kind of experience．
??More than one person was involved in the case．
??10．在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞who，that或which后的動(dòng)詞與所指的先行詞在數(shù)上一致。在"one? of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋who ／that／which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于who ／that／which最靠近復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，故定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取復(fù)數(shù)形式。而只有前面出現(xiàn)the only，exactly修飾時(shí)，分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞才采用單數(shù)形式。如：
??He is one of the persons who are very kind．
??He is the only one ofthe students who has been given the first prize．
??11．由"a number of，a group of ，a crowd of"等修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而"the number of ．．．"（……的數(shù)量）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
??A number of students have finished their homework before August．
??The number of students in our college is increasing．
??12．強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞要與It一致，都用It is（was）．．．。如：
??It is my teachers who are very kind to me．
??強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who，that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于所修飾的先行詞。如：
??It is I who haven't finished reading the book．
??It was my friend who was late for the class．
??13．算術(shù)中的加法與乘法，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：
??Three fives are（is）fifteen．
??減法與除法中用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：
??Three from eight leaves five．
??Fifteen divided by three equals five．
??1．如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Growing vegetables needs constant watering．
??2．單一的動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：
??Writing stories and articles is what I enjoy most．
??3．介詞短語(yǔ)和副詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：
??In the desk is where he left it．
??Slowly is exactly how he speaks．
??4．主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)（what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句除外）時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Whether or not we'll go to Beijing has not been decided yet．
??5．所有由兩部分組成的物體的名詞作主語(yǔ)，當(dāng)不用量詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
??The trousers fit me very well．
??6．如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，together with，along with，like，but，except，including，in addition to，as well as，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，accompanied by，followed by等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受影響。如果主語(yǔ)原來(lái)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也為單數(shù)形式；如果主語(yǔ)原來(lái)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
??John like his parents is very kind to others all the time．
??The workers as well as the manager are working very hard．
??7．a(chǎn)ny＋單數(shù)名詞，some ＋單數(shù)名詞，every ，each，every．．．a(chǎn)nd．．．，each．．． and．．．，either，neither，another， the other，anybody，nobody，somebody，everybody， anyone，no one，someone，every one，anything，nothing，something，everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在正式英語(yǔ)中要求動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Every man and woman is treated in the same way．
??Neither of them has been to Beijing．
??Somebody is waiting for you in the next room．
??8．不可數(shù)名詞前面如果有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面常跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)。如：
??Four kilometers of water were polluted in yesterday's oil leaking．
??9．many a，more than one，no one except＋名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管意義是復(fù)數(shù)概念，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用單數(shù)形式。如：
??Many a person has had that kind of experience．
??More than one person was involved in the case．
??10．在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞who，that或which后的動(dòng)詞與所指的先行詞在數(shù)上一致。在"one? of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋who ／that／which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，由于who ／that／which最靠近復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，故定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取復(fù)數(shù)形式。而只有前面出現(xiàn)the only，exactly修飾時(shí)，分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞才采用單數(shù)形式。如：
??He is one of the persons who are very kind．
??He is the only one ofthe students who has been given the first prize．
??11．由"a number of，a group of ，a crowd of"等修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而"the number of ．．．"（……的數(shù)量）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：
??A number of students have finished their homework before August．
??The number of students in our college is increasing．
??12．強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞要與It一致，都用It is（was）．．．。如：
??It is my teachers who are very kind to me．
??強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞who，that作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于所修飾的先行詞。如：
??It is I who haven't finished reading the book．
??It was my friend who was late for the class．
??13．算術(shù)中的加法與乘法，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：
??Three fives are（is）fifteen．
??減法與除法中用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：
??Three from eight leaves five．
??Fifteen divided by three equals five．