??英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞后除了要求跟有賓語(yǔ)外，還要求跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)稱為賓補(bǔ)），句子的意思才能完整。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中的三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（即V-ing形式、V-ed形式和不定式）都可以充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)。但它們的形式不同，表示的意義不同。在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)了很多非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的試題。本文結(jié)合這些試題講一下這三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法及區(qū)別。
??
??一、V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)
??
??V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，即動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未結(jié)束。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動(dòng)詞之后。
??1．感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞，主要有see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，find，catch，look at，listen to等。如：
??◇Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window．
?忽然他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人輕輕敲窗子。
??◇On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village．
??站在山頂上，他可以看到村里升起了縷縷炊煙。
如果賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系，則要用V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)being done。如：
??◇(?A?)Corn originated in the New World andthus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba．（CET-4，2000． 1-45）
??A）being cultivated
??B）been cultivated
??C）having cultivated
??D）cultivating
??◇(?D?)The children went there to watch the iron tower _____ ．（CET-4，1990．1-55）
??A）to erect
??B）erecting
??C）be erected
??D）being erected
??◇You will find the matter being talked about all over the town．
?你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)城里到處都在談?wù)撨@件事。
??◇The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded．
?這男孩愛(ài)看輪船裝卸貨物。
??2．使役動(dòng)詞，主要有have，get，leave， keep，start，send，set等。如：
??◇(?D?)His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose．（CET-4，1999．6-45）
??A）wondered
??B）wonder
??C）to wonder
??D）wondering
??◇We'd better keep the fire burning．讓爐火繼續(xù)著下去。
??◇His letter left me feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相當(dāng)難受。
??◇What she said set me thinking．她說(shuō)的話使我深思。
??二、V-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)
??V-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)，著重動(dòng)作完成，表明動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，它與賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)的邏輯主謂
關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動(dòng)詞之后。
??1．表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，主要有 hear，see，find，notice，feel，watch，like，think等。如：
??◇(?A?)You will see this product _____ wherever you go．（CET-4，2000．6-30）
??A）advertised
??B）advertise
??C）advertising
??D）to be advertised
? ◇When they got there，they found the house burnt down．
?他們到那兒時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已全部燒毀。
? ◇If you asked some Americans how they liked their steak cooked，you would get a variety of answers．
??如果你問(wèn)一些美國(guó)人他們?cè)敢庠趺磁胝{(diào)牛排，你會(huì)得到種種回答。
? 2．表示"致使"意義的使役動(dòng)詞，主要有 get，have，make，keep，leave等。如：
? ◇(?C )Don't get your schedule_____?；stay with us in this class．（CET-4，1996．1-42）
??A）to change
??B）changing
??C）changed
??D）change
??◇(?C )In Australia the Asians make their influence _____ in businesses large and small．（CET-4，1990．1-67）
??A）feeling
??B）feel
??C）felt
??D）to be felt
??◇(?C )The manager promised to keep me_____ of how our business was going on．（CET- 4，1990．1-57）
??A）to be informed
??B）on informing
??C)?informed
??D）informing
??◇(?B )If you want_____?，you have to get the fund somewhere．（CET-4，1989，1-46）
?? A）that the job is done
?? B) the job done
?? C）to have done the job
?? D）the job that is done
??◇(?A )Operations which left patients _____ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable．（CET-4，2001．1-67）
?? A) exhausted
?? B）abandoned
?? C）injured
?? D）deserted
??三、不定式作賓補(bǔ)
??不定式作賓補(bǔ)，它與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。這又可以分為以下幾種情況。
??1．不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)
這種不定式主要跟在兩類動(dòng)詞之后：
??1）感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞，主要有see，watch，notice， observe，hear，listen to，feel等。不定式（短語(yǔ)）表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞之前，事情的全部過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如：
??◇(?D )I have heard both teachers and students _____ well of him．（CET-4，1999．6-46）
??A）to speak
??B）spoken
??C）to have spoken
??D) speak
??◇Did you see anyone go out of the room？（＝Did you see that anyone went out of the
room ？）你看到有人離開(kāi)了這房間嗎？
??◇She felt someone pat her on the shoulder．她感到有人拍了拍她的肩膀。
??2）使役動(dòng)詞，主要有make， have，let等。這時(shí)賓補(bǔ)表示的動(dòng)作
發(fā)生在使役動(dòng)詞之后。如：
??◇(?A )They are going to have the serviceman _____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow．（CET-4，1998．1-44）
??A) install
??B）to install
??C）to be installed
??D）installed
??◇(?C )My sister's professor had her _____?her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee．（CET-4，1989． 1-53）
??A）rewritten
??B）to rewrite
??C) rewrite
??D）rewriting
??◇(?C )With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers _____ before their time．（CET-4，2001． 6-36）
??A）be bloomed
??B）blooming
??C) bloom
??D）bloomed
??2．帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)
??常見(jiàn)的要求帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：force， tell，require，teach，warn，allow，ask，beg，expect，invite，order，permit，promise，instruct， urge，remind，want，advise，persuade，cause，forbid，like，challenge，request，get，need，oblige，encourage，enable，compel
等，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這些動(dòng)詞之后。如：
??◇His conscience compelled him to confess．他的良心迫使他承認(rèn)。
??◇They urged the committee to make the decision soon．他們極力主張委員會(huì)盡快做出決定。
??◇Don't force yourself to write when you have nothing to say．寫(xiě)不出的時(shí)候不要硬寫(xiě)。
?
??3．在help，bid，know后可帶to也可不帶 to
??◇ I've never known her（to）tell lies．我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)她說(shuō)謊。
??◇Will you help me wash the clothes？你能幫我洗衣服嗎？
??◇He bade the soldiers shoot．他命令士兵開(kāi)槍。
??
??一、V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)
??
??V-ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的過(guò)程，即動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，尚未結(jié)束。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動(dòng)詞之后。
??1．感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞，主要有see，hear，watch，observe，notice，feel，find，catch，look at，listen to等。如：
??◇Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window．
?忽然他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人輕輕敲窗子。
??◇On the top of the hill，he could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village．
??站在山頂上，他可以看到村里升起了縷縷炊煙。
如果賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系，則要用V-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)being done。如：
??◇(?A?)Corn originated in the New World andthus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _____ in Cuba．（CET-4，2000． 1-45）
??A）being cultivated
??B）been cultivated
??C）having cultivated
??D）cultivating
??◇(?D?)The children went there to watch the iron tower _____ ．（CET-4，1990．1-55）
??A）to erect
??B）erecting
??C）be erected
??D）being erected
??◇You will find the matter being talked about all over the town．
?你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)城里到處都在談?wù)撨@件事。
??◇The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded．
?這男孩愛(ài)看輪船裝卸貨物。
??2．使役動(dòng)詞，主要有have，get，leave， keep，start，send，set等。如：
??◇(?D?)His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose．（CET-4，1999．6-45）
??A）wondered
??B）wonder
??C）to wonder
??D）wondering
??◇We'd better keep the fire burning．讓爐火繼續(xù)著下去。
??◇His letter left me feeling pretty bad．他的信使我感到相當(dāng)難受。
??◇What she said set me thinking．她說(shuō)的話使我深思。
??二、V-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)
??V-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)，著重動(dòng)作完成，表明動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，它與賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)的邏輯主謂
關(guān)系。它主要是用在下列兩類動(dòng)詞之后。
??1．表示感覺(jué)和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，主要有 hear，see，find，notice，feel，watch，like，think等。如：
??◇(?A?)You will see this product _____ wherever you go．（CET-4，2000．6-30）
??A）advertised
??B）advertise
??C）advertising
??D）to be advertised
? ◇When they got there，they found the house burnt down．
?他們到那兒時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)房子已全部燒毀。
? ◇If you asked some Americans how they liked their steak cooked，you would get a variety of answers．
??如果你問(wèn)一些美國(guó)人他們?cè)敢庠趺磁胝{(diào)牛排，你會(huì)得到種種回答。
? 2．表示"致使"意義的使役動(dòng)詞，主要有 get，have，make，keep，leave等。如：
? ◇(?C )Don't get your schedule_____?；stay with us in this class．（CET-4，1996．1-42）
??A）to change
??B）changing
??C）changed
??D）change
??◇(?C )In Australia the Asians make their influence _____ in businesses large and small．（CET-4，1990．1-67）
??A）feeling
??B）feel
??C）felt
??D）to be felt
??◇(?C )The manager promised to keep me_____ of how our business was going on．（CET- 4，1990．1-57）
??A）to be informed
??B）on informing
??C)?informed
??D）informing
??◇(?B )If you want_____?，you have to get the fund somewhere．（CET-4，1989，1-46）
?? A）that the job is done
?? B) the job done
?? C）to have done the job
?? D）the job that is done
??◇(?A )Operations which left patients _____ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable．（CET-4，2001．1-67）
?? A) exhausted
?? B）abandoned
?? C）injured
?? D）deserted
??三、不定式作賓補(bǔ)
??不定式作賓補(bǔ)，它與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)的邏輯主謂關(guān)系。這又可以分為以下幾種情況。
??1．不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)
這種不定式主要跟在兩類動(dòng)詞之后：
??1）感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞，主要有see，watch，notice， observe，hear，listen to，feel等。不定式（短語(yǔ)）表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞之前，事情的全部過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如：
??◇(?D )I have heard both teachers and students _____ well of him．（CET-4，1999．6-46）
??A）to speak
??B）spoken
??C）to have spoken
??D) speak
??◇Did you see anyone go out of the room？（＝Did you see that anyone went out of the
room ？）你看到有人離開(kāi)了這房間嗎？
??◇She felt someone pat her on the shoulder．她感到有人拍了拍她的肩膀。
??2）使役動(dòng)詞，主要有make， have，let等。這時(shí)賓補(bǔ)表示的動(dòng)作
發(fā)生在使役動(dòng)詞之后。如：
??◇(?A )They are going to have the serviceman _____ an electric fan in the office tomorrow．（CET-4，1998．1-44）
??A) install
??B）to install
??C）to be installed
??D）installed
??◇(?C )My sister's professor had her _____?her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee．（CET-4，1989． 1-53）
??A）rewritten
??B）to rewrite
??C) rewrite
??D）rewriting
??◇(?C )With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers _____ before their time．（CET-4，2001． 6-36）
??A）be bloomed
??B）blooming
??C) bloom
??D）bloomed
??2．帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)
??常見(jiàn)的要求帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：force， tell，require，teach，warn，allow，ask，beg，expect，invite，order，permit，promise，instruct， urge，remind，want，advise，persuade，cause，forbid，like，challenge，request，get，need，oblige，encourage，enable，compel
等，作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這些動(dòng)詞之后。如：
??◇His conscience compelled him to confess．他的良心迫使他承認(rèn)。
??◇They urged the committee to make the decision soon．他們極力主張委員會(huì)盡快做出決定。
??◇Don't force yourself to write when you have nothing to say．寫(xiě)不出的時(shí)候不要硬寫(xiě)。
?
??3．在help，bid，know后可帶to也可不帶 to
??◇ I've never known her（to）tell lies．我從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)她說(shuō)謊。
??◇Will you help me wash the clothes？你能幫我洗衣服嗎？
??◇He bade the soldiers shoot．他命令士兵開(kāi)槍。