二、句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換
句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換是指英語(yǔ)中的某一句子成分已成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種句子成分。
１、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
有靈動(dòng)詞：有生命的主語(yǔ)接
無(wú)靈動(dòng)詞：無(wú)生命的主語(yǔ)接
American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.
托馬斯·杰斐遜對(duì)美國(guó)的教育事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.
她雖沒(méi)有完全失去鎮(zhèn)靜，可是卻又找不出話可說(shuō)。
Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day.
他于 9 月 3 日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下了安特衛(wèi)普。
２、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
自建國(guó)以來(lái)，每一代美國(guó)人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖國(guó)。
3、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
He will give an immediate reply.
他會(huì)立即答復(fù)。
三、表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換
score, dozen, decade, quarter
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年
She will be back in the last ten days of June.六月下旬
During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年輕時(shí)
His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲
She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。
Our men’s wear 25% discount.七五折
You are quite a stranger here. 這里的人不認(rèn)識(shí)你
There used to be a river here two centuries back of this. 兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前
I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨； low EQ(吃不開(kāi))；low AQ(沉不住氣)
There is always a place for you at your table.
請(qǐng)你隨時(shí)來(lái)吃便飯。
四、正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換——正反譯法
有些從正面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從反面來(lái)表達(dá)，而有些從反面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從正面來(lái)表達(dá)。這就是我們通常所說(shuō)的“正反譯法”。
Ø 英語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)
frost-free refrigerator
無(wú)霜冰箱
duty-free zone
免稅區(qū)
carefree
無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的
Wet paint!
油漆未干！
Stop talking nonsense!
別胡扯了！
He yelled “Freeze!”
他大喝一聲：“不許動(dòng)！”
Keep off the lawn!
請(qǐng)勿踐踏草坪！
I failed to understand your meaning.
我弄不懂你的意思。
The coffee is too sweet to bear.
咖啡甜得讓人受不了。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
你想知道她為什么不想見(jiàn)到你？
Her husband hates to see her stony face.
她丈夫不愿意見(jiàn)到她那張面無(wú)表情的臉。
A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
行為不檢點(diǎn)的人，日后往往要后悔。
The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.
這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩很不老實(shí)，他的借口一點(diǎn)也站不住腳。
You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it.
你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)激起我的好奇心了，那現(xiàn)在你別在賣(mài)關(guān)子了。
Appearances are often deceptive.
外表往往是靠不住的。
At the news of his father’s death, he remained quiet for several days.
一聽(tīng)到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發(fā)。
Ø 英語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)
I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end.
我遵從所有我學(xué)過(guò)的禮貌和規(guī)矩，這使我兒子大為失望?！?BR> You can’t be too careful.
你越仔細(xì)越好。
We could not be more mistaken.
我們大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。
The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.
到目前為止，聯(lián)合國(guó)辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。
For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until midnight. Never in my life have I been happier.
三周來(lái)我身兼兩職，每天從早上八點(diǎn)一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段時(shí)光最為快樂(lè)。
五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法）
1、被動(dòng)到主動(dòng)
1） 多種被動(dòng)詞
“受……”、“遭……”、“由……”、“給……”、“為……所……”、“予以……”、“加以……”
He was released immediately after Oct 7.
一過(guò)十月七號(hào)，他獲釋了。
He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.
據(jù)說(shuō)他為鄧（小平）的靈活態(tài)度所感動(dòng)
2） 省略被動(dòng)詞（同時(shí)可以作及物、不及物的詞）
The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.
全球核沖突的危險(xiǎn)性已經(jīng)大大減小了。
（注意：在此been可以刪除，四大趨勢(shì)的詞都可同樣使用）
Over 700 of the world’s finest footballers were gathered in Japan and South Korea for the 17th World Cup tournament.
700多名世界頂尖足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員聚集在日本和韓國(guó)參加第17屆世界杯比賽。
3） 主被交換
a) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句，結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（原主語(yǔ)），
Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.
一戰(zhàn)前好萊塢首次制作了電影。
b) 主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）+謂語(yǔ)+（by）施動(dòng)者 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句, 處理為施動(dòng)者+謂語(yǔ)+受動(dòng)者的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults.
年輕人推動(dòng)了移動(dòng)電話市場(chǎng)的繁榮。
4） 形式主語(yǔ)法
“據(jù)……”
It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)……
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is calculated that… 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)……
不定代詞
“有人”、“大家”、“人們”
It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認(rèn)為）……
It is generally considered that… 大家認(rèn)為……
It is well-known… 眾所周知……
It is rarely known… 鮮為人知……
2、主動(dòng)到被動(dòng)
1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹(shù)。
The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.
2) 我也佩服你的見(jiàn)解。
I was also struck by your suggestions.
3) 全國(guó)人民所渴望的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議現(xiàn)在開(kāi)幕了。
The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated.
4) 全國(guó)同胞們，中華人民共和國(guó)現(xiàn)已宣告成立。
Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of China is proclaimed.
句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換是指英語(yǔ)中的某一句子成分已成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種句子成分。
１、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
有靈動(dòng)詞：有生命的主語(yǔ)接
無(wú)靈動(dòng)詞：無(wú)生命的主語(yǔ)接
American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.
托馬斯·杰斐遜對(duì)美國(guó)的教育事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。
Her presence of mind had not completely deserted her; but she could not have trusted herself to speak.
她雖沒(méi)有完全失去鎮(zhèn)靜，可是卻又找不出話可說(shuō)。
Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day.
他于 9 月 3 日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下了安特衛(wèi)普。
２、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
自建國(guó)以來(lái)，每一代美國(guó)人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖國(guó)。
3、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換
He will give an immediate reply.
他會(huì)立即答復(fù)。
三、表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換
score, dozen, decade, quarter
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年
She will be back in the last ten days of June.六月下旬
During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and storm.年輕時(shí)
His father is in his sixties.年逾花甲
She has been a widow only for six months.他丈夫死了不到半年。
Our men’s wear 25% discount.七五折
You are quite a stranger here. 這里的人不認(rèn)識(shí)你
There used to be a river here two centuries back of this. 兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前
I’m low IQ, you know. 我很笨； low EQ(吃不開(kāi))；low AQ(沉不住氣)
There is always a place for you at your table.
請(qǐng)你隨時(shí)來(lái)吃便飯。
四、正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換——正反譯法
有些從正面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從反面來(lái)表達(dá)，而有些從反面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從正面來(lái)表達(dá)。這就是我們通常所說(shuō)的“正反譯法”。
Ø 英語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)
frost-free refrigerator
無(wú)霜冰箱
duty-free zone
免稅區(qū)
carefree
無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的
Wet paint!
油漆未干！
Stop talking nonsense!
別胡扯了！
He yelled “Freeze!”
他大喝一聲：“不許動(dòng)！”
Keep off the lawn!
請(qǐng)勿踐踏草坪！
I failed to understand your meaning.
我弄不懂你的意思。
The coffee is too sweet to bear.
咖啡甜得讓人受不了。
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
你想知道她為什么不想見(jiàn)到你？
Her husband hates to see her stony face.
她丈夫不愿意見(jiàn)到她那張面無(wú)表情的臉。
A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
行為不檢點(diǎn)的人，日后往往要后悔。
The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.
這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩很不老實(shí)，他的借口一點(diǎn)也站不住腳。
You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it.
你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)激起我的好奇心了，那現(xiàn)在你別在賣(mài)關(guān)子了。
Appearances are often deceptive.
外表往往是靠不住的。
At the news of his father’s death, he remained quiet for several days.
一聽(tīng)到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發(fā)。
Ø 英語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)
I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end.
我遵從所有我學(xué)過(guò)的禮貌和規(guī)矩，這使我兒子大為失望?！?BR> You can’t be too careful.
你越仔細(xì)越好。
We could not be more mistaken.
我們大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。
The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.
到目前為止，聯(lián)合國(guó)辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。
For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until midnight. Never in my life have I been happier.
三周來(lái)我身兼兩職，每天從早上八點(diǎn)一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段時(shí)光最為快樂(lè)。
五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法）
1、被動(dòng)到主動(dòng)
1） 多種被動(dòng)詞
“受……”、“遭……”、“由……”、“給……”、“為……所……”、“予以……”、“加以……”
He was released immediately after Oct 7.
一過(guò)十月七號(hào)，他獲釋了。
He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.
據(jù)說(shuō)他為鄧（小平）的靈活態(tài)度所感動(dòng)
2） 省略被動(dòng)詞（同時(shí)可以作及物、不及物的詞）
The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.
全球核沖突的危險(xiǎn)性已經(jīng)大大減小了。
（注意：在此been可以刪除，四大趨勢(shì)的詞都可同樣使用）
Over 700 of the world’s finest footballers were gathered in Japan and South Korea for the 17th World Cup tournament.
700多名世界頂尖足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員聚集在日本和韓國(guó)參加第17屆世界杯比賽。
3） 主被交換
a) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句，結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（原主語(yǔ)），
Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.
一戰(zhàn)前好萊塢首次制作了電影。
b) 主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）+謂語(yǔ)+（by）施動(dòng)者 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句, 處理為施動(dòng)者+謂語(yǔ)+受動(dòng)者的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults.
年輕人推動(dòng)了移動(dòng)電話市場(chǎng)的繁榮。
4） 形式主語(yǔ)法
“據(jù)……”
It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)……
It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is calculated that… 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)……
不定代詞
“有人”、“大家”、“人們”
It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認(rèn)為）……
It is generally considered that… 大家認(rèn)為……
It is well-known… 眾所周知……
It is rarely known… 鮮為人知……
2、主動(dòng)到被動(dòng)
1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹(shù)。
The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.
2) 我也佩服你的見(jiàn)解。
I was also struck by your suggestions.
3) 全國(guó)人民所渴望的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議現(xiàn)在開(kāi)幕了。
The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated.
4) 全國(guó)同胞們，中華人民共和國(guó)現(xiàn)已宣告成立。
Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of China is proclaimed.