翻譯十大原則
1) 動(dòng)賓連接原則：翻譯動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)時(shí)，先考慮賓語(yǔ)的成分
中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.
The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.
avoid the stupid and short-sighted traps
擺脫束縛
打破禁錮
擺脫羈絆
2) 時(shí)態(tài)原則
中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中國(guó)過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來(lái)是……
China was, remains to be
中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.
畢竟中國(guó)、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國(guó)為首批評(píng)的國(guó)家，總是投票或游說(shuō)反對(duì)美國(guó)政府。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“本應(yīng)當(dāng)……”
3) 主語(yǔ)確定原則
這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新確定主語(yǔ)）
其實(shí)，撇開(kāi)數(shù)學(xué)，繞過(guò)那一大堆公式，一門(mén)學(xué)科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)）
They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.
無(wú)論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無(wú)能為力。（重新確定主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)）
注：there be 句型：狀語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.
從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一系列問(wèn)題，美國(guó)政府總是對(duì)國(guó)際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些（倒戈）國(guó)家越來(lái)越失望/懊惱。
4) 謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面：一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，重樹(shù)信心；二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開(kāi)始新一輪談判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
如何化解謂語(yǔ)：１、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~
２、多使用介詞短語(yǔ):with; through
３、多使用分詞短語(yǔ)
?。础⒍嗍褂胻o do sth.目的狀語(yǔ)
?。怠⒆詈笠粋€(gè)謂語(yǔ)：使用“，which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句”
顯然，許多美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)支持國(guó)家沒(méi)有投票支持美國(guó)，以此對(duì)美國(guó)奉行單邊主義表示不滿(mǎn)。
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
5) 動(dòng)賓換序原則：
處理較長(zhǎng)賓語(yǔ)的方法：
１、謂語(yǔ)變成能夠直接接賓語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。
２、先譯賓語(yǔ)，再譯主謂
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
6) 句群邏輯關(guān)系原則
六種重要的邏輯關(guān)系：
１、表原因關(guān)系，聯(lián)結(jié)詞：因?yàn)?、所以、因此、由?BR> ２、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：雖然、但是、然而，不過(guò)
３、條件關(guān)系：如果、假如、只要……就，一旦
４、讓步關(guān)系：盡管、就算……也、即使……也
５、時(shí)間先后關(guān)系：……之后，接著……
６、結(jié)果關(guān)系：從而、導(dǎo)致
經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China
中國(guó)將致力于建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，通過(guò)營(yíng)造良好的環(huán)境，推進(jìn)知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新，這是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展的必由之路。
Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.
7) 連接原則
不僅考慮邏輯關(guān)系，還要區(qū)分主謂語(yǔ)、次謂語(yǔ)
書(shū)無(wú)所不讀，全無(wú)所惑，并不著急，教書(shū)做事，均甚認(rèn)真，往往吃虧，也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.
中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的談判已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了15年了。中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)始終如一。
China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.
8) 減少of原則
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展提高了人民的生活水平。
The furthering economic globalization has improved people’s living standard.
中國(guó)的富強(qiáng)和發(fā)展不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.
我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展，使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
樓的質(zhì)量不好。
The building is not well built.
當(dāng)of能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成’s的所屬關(guān)系時(shí)
9) 名詞詞組與分句互譯原則
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.
基金會(huì)提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢(qián)人和大公司能實(shí)際支配花去稅款的方式。
注：賓語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)５ｗ１ｈ的從句，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞詞組
But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.
但新千年蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，熱衷于施舍和政府援助。
注：對(duì)于一般的形容詞短語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化簡(jiǎn)單主謂分句
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
注：of架構(gòu)的名詞詞組，如果不表示所屬關(guān)系，極可能變成“是否”從句
10) 妖詞原則
From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……
本世紀(jì)初，基金會(huì)的數(shù)量并不多。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.
亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過(guò)其他國(guó)家地區(qū)的總和。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
這些國(guó)家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢(shì)，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢(shì)人口，還有少部分人口極端富有?！?BR> The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.
無(wú)論來(lái)自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭(zhēng)取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。
1) 動(dòng)賓連接原則：翻譯動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)時(shí)，先考慮賓語(yǔ)的成分
中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。
The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.
The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.
avoid the stupid and short-sighted traps
擺脫束縛
打破禁錮
擺脫羈絆
2) 時(shí)態(tài)原則
中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好自由和和平。
The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.
The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.
The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.
中國(guó)過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來(lái)是……
China was, remains to be
中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。
The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.
After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. –led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.
畢竟中國(guó)、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國(guó)為首批評(píng)的國(guó)家，總是投票或游說(shuō)反對(duì)美國(guó)政府。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“本應(yīng)當(dāng)……”
3) 主語(yǔ)確定原則
這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。
The citizens will live more spaciously and comfortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新確定主語(yǔ)）
其實(shí)，撇開(kāi)數(shù)學(xué)，繞過(guò)那一大堆公式，一門(mén)學(xué)科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。
To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)）
They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.
無(wú)論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無(wú)能為力。（重新確定主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)）
注：there be 句型：狀語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)
They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.
從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一系列問(wèn)題，美國(guó)政府總是對(duì)國(guó)際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些（倒戈）國(guó)家越來(lái)越失望/懊惱。
4) 謂語(yǔ)最小化原則
今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面：一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，重樹(shù)信心；二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開(kāi)始新一輪談判。
The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.
如何化解謂語(yǔ)：１、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~
２、多使用介詞短語(yǔ):with; through
３、多使用分詞短語(yǔ)
?。础⒍嗍褂胻o do sth.目的狀語(yǔ)
?。怠⒆詈笠粋€(gè)謂語(yǔ)：使用“，which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句”
顯然，許多美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)支持國(guó)家沒(méi)有投票支持美國(guó)，以此對(duì)美國(guó)奉行單邊主義表示不滿(mǎn)。
Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.
5) 動(dòng)賓換序原則：
處理較長(zhǎng)賓語(yǔ)的方法：
１、謂語(yǔ)變成能夠直接接賓語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式
The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.
在新千年，經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。
２、先譯賓語(yǔ)，再譯主謂
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
6) 句群邏輯關(guān)系原則
六種重要的邏輯關(guān)系：
１、表原因關(guān)系，聯(lián)結(jié)詞：因?yàn)?、所以、因此、由?BR> ２、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：雖然、但是、然而，不過(guò)
３、條件關(guān)系：如果、假如、只要……就，一旦
４、讓步關(guān)系：盡管、就算……也、即使……也
５、時(shí)間先后關(guān)系：……之后，接著……
６、結(jié)果關(guān)系：從而、導(dǎo)致
經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。
Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.
The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China
中國(guó)將致力于建設(shè)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系，通過(guò)營(yíng)造良好的環(huán)境，推進(jìn)知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新，這是中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展的必由之路。
Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.
7) 連接原則
不僅考慮邏輯關(guān)系，還要區(qū)分主謂語(yǔ)、次謂語(yǔ)
書(shū)無(wú)所不讀，全無(wú)所惑，并不著急，教書(shū)做事，均甚認(rèn)真，往往吃虧，也不后悔。
Not vexed by reading comprehensively though futilely, I deal seriously with teaching and handling affairs and have no regret for suffering losses.
中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的談判已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了15年了。中國(guó)的立場(chǎng)始終如一。
China has been engaged in the talks for entry into the WTO for 15 years with its consistent stance.
8) 減少of原則
經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的深入發(fā)展提高了人民的生活水平。
The furthering economic globalization has improved people’s living standard.
中國(guó)的富強(qiáng)和發(fā)展不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成威脅。
A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries.
我們之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展，使我們不僅成為親密的朋友，而且成為兄弟。
Our relations have so grown that bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
樓的質(zhì)量不好。
The building is not well built.
當(dāng)of能夠轉(zhuǎn)化成’s的所屬關(guān)系時(shí)
9) 名詞詞組與分句互譯原則
They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.
基金會(huì)提供了一種方式，可以讓有錢(qián)人和大公司能實(shí)際支配花去稅款的方式。
注：賓語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)５ｗ１ｈ的從句，轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞詞組
But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.
但新千年蓋茨對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，熱衷于施舍和政府援助。
注：對(duì)于一般的形容詞短語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)化簡(jiǎn)單主謂分句
The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.
研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。
注：of架構(gòu)的名詞詞組，如果不表示所屬關(guān)系，極可能變成“是否”從句
10) 妖詞原則
From a small beginning at the turn of the century ……
本世紀(jì)初，基金會(huì)的數(shù)量并不多。
Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.
亞洲國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量將超過(guò)其他國(guó)家地區(qū)的總和。
Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.
這些國(guó)家雖然呈現(xiàn)出欣欣向榮的態(tài)勢(shì)，但其中還有許多處于極端貧窮的弱勢(shì)人口，還有少部分人口極端富有?！?BR> The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigator’s independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.
無(wú)論來(lái)自于政府或商界，項(xiàng)目資金的重要特點(diǎn)是其建立在契約上，即不同的項(xiàng)目可以爭(zhēng)取相同的項(xiàng)目資金，因此調(diào)研人員要取得獨(dú)立，就必須得到連續(xù)的研究項(xiàng)目。