否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 ：是指英語(yǔ)中有的否定句中not 在形式上是否定謂語(yǔ)的行為或狀態(tài)，但實(shí)際上是否定句子的其他成分。因此，在英譯漢時(shí)這種否定就要按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣轉(zhuǎn)換到實(shí)際否定部分體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。
例一：In our travels, we didn’t find the power of women as pervasive in the communes as in the cities .
分析：句中實(shí)際否定部分是so pervasive in the communes as in the cities.
譯文：在旅行中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)婦女在公社中的影響不如她們?cè)诔鞘兄械挠绊懩菢訌V泛。
例二：Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.
分析：句中實(shí)際上否定can fully explain human behavior.
譯文：大多數(shù)熱認(rèn)為，這兩種理論中哪一種也不能全面地說(shuō)明人的行為特征。
例三：People are not poor because they have large families. Quite the contrary, they have large families because they are poor.
分析：形式上看not是否定poor,但從上下文意思看來(lái)not是否定because所引導(dǎo)的從句。
譯文：人們并不是因?yàn)楹⒆佣喽毟F，恰恰相反他們貧窮才多要孩子。
例四：Nobody can come in without permission.
分析：英語(yǔ)中用的是否定形式的主語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，否定往往轉(zhuǎn)移到位于上。又如：Neither of the books is published in China.(這些書(shū)都不是在中國(guó)出版的。)
練習(xí)：
1請(qǐng)對(duì)下面句子進(jìn)行分析，劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they don not do. For example, they don not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.(來(lái)自1995年英譯漢真題)
2 請(qǐng)將上面的句子翻譯成中文。
注:上面句子中的they指代的是文章中的"test(測(cè)試)".
3 請(qǐng)把下面的句子翻譯成中文：
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians , especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method”, frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy”.
(來(lái)自1999年英譯漢真題)
例一：In our travels, we didn’t find the power of women as pervasive in the communes as in the cities .
分析：句中實(shí)際否定部分是so pervasive in the communes as in the cities.
譯文：在旅行中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)婦女在公社中的影響不如她們?cè)诔鞘兄械挠绊懩菢訌V泛。
例二：Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.
分析：句中實(shí)際上否定can fully explain human behavior.
譯文：大多數(shù)熱認(rèn)為，這兩種理論中哪一種也不能全面地說(shuō)明人的行為特征。
例三：People are not poor because they have large families. Quite the contrary, they have large families because they are poor.
分析：形式上看not是否定poor,但從上下文意思看來(lái)not是否定because所引導(dǎo)的從句。
譯文：人們并不是因?yàn)楹⒆佣喽毟F，恰恰相反他們貧窮才多要孩子。
例四：Nobody can come in without permission.
分析：英語(yǔ)中用的是否定形式的主語(yǔ)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，否定往往轉(zhuǎn)移到位于上。又如：Neither of the books is published in China.(這些書(shū)都不是在中國(guó)出版的。)
練習(xí)：
1請(qǐng)對(duì)下面句子進(jìn)行分析，劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they don not do. For example, they don not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.(來(lái)自1995年英譯漢真題)
2 請(qǐng)將上面的句子翻譯成中文。
注:上面句子中的they指代的是文章中的"test(測(cè)試)".
3 請(qǐng)把下面的句子翻譯成中文：
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Historians , especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method”, frequently fall victim to the “ technicist fallacy”.
(來(lái)自1999年英譯漢真題)