2009年考研英語沖擊翻譯不得不戀(9)

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分譯法 :英語中有的句子很長,為了符合漢語表達習(xí)慣,我們常常把英語長句拆開來翻譯,成為若干短句。這樣做既準確表達出原意,又使譯文通順流暢,這種翻譯法就是分譯法。
    例一: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliability ,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
    分析: How … performance 是主語從句,主語謂語是 depends , 譯文采用分譯法:把主語從句作為獨立句子來處理,在主句謂語前加“這”,概括了主語從句的含義。此外, with which … interpreted 是定語從句,其中 it 指 information, 該定語從句修飾 the skill and wisdom, 譯文采用合譯法。可見,無論是分譯法或合譯法都是為了確切地表達原意,使譯文符合漢語的表達習(xí)慣。
    譯文: 這些猜測在多大程度上為后來的表現(xiàn)所證實,這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性,以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
    例二: As the century developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data ,techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently.
    分析 : As 引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語從句。主句的主語是 the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved and the growing interconnection of different disciplines 。在這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的主語中,第一個主語的主導(dǎo)詞是 magnitude and complexity ,現(xiàn)在分詞 increasing 修飾它們,從邏輯上看,被邏輯詞與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。第二個主語中的主導(dǎo)詞是 interconnection, 現(xiàn)在分詞 growing 修飾它,從邏輯上看,它們之間也是主謂關(guān)系。所以,在翻譯處理時,把兩個結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的主語各譯成漢語的單句,然后在主句謂語前加上“這一切”,使譯文簡潔明了。
    譯文 :隨著本世紀時間的流逝,欲待解決的問題與日俱增,其復(fù)雜程度日益深化,而且不同學(xué)科之間的相互聯(lián)系日益密切。這一切在許多情況下使單個科學(xué)家無法處理那些進行精確而高效的研究工作所需要的大量新數(shù)據(jù)、新技術(shù)和新設(shè)備。
    從中可以看出,英語中的長句,一般指主從復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。在翻譯過程中,必須抓住全句的中心內(nèi)容,搞清楚句子各部分之間的語法關(guān)系及由此體現(xiàn)出來的聯(lián)系。長句的分譯法就是以上述的認真分析為基礎(chǔ)。我們在練習(xí)和應(yīng)試時,應(yīng)從英語上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,辨清外延和內(nèi)涵,過度到深層理解。
    練習(xí):
    1 請將下面句子翻譯成中文。
    The law of universal gravitation states that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
    2 請將下面的句子翻譯成中文。
    Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and its endeavors in the same reasoned ,orderly , systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
    ( 來自 2003 年英譯漢真題 )
    3 請把下面的句子翻譯成中文:
    In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
    ( 來自 2005 年英譯漢真題 )