正義反譯和反義正譯
英漢兩種語言均可以從正面或反面來表達同一概念。
正義反譯是指英語里有些從正面表達的詞語或句子,譯成漢語時可以從反面來表達;
反義正譯是指英語里有些從反面表達的詞語或句子,譯成漢語時可以從正面來表達。
正義反譯和反義正譯是一種翻譯方法,其目的是為了解決翻譯過程中所遇到的表達方面的困難,使譯文更通順達意。
1、正義反譯
例一:But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”.
分析: (be)far from 在英語里是正面表達,但其含義是not at all, 故譯為“遠非,遠不是,一點也不(是)”。如:Your work is far from (being ) satisfactory.(你的工作也一點也不令人滿意)
譯文:可是我們要牢記送到審讀員面前的大量書刊、戲劇和電影遠非“杰作”。
★注意:送給大家一個很常見,很好用的詞:bear in mind 意為“記住,牢記,不忘”,so you must bear this phrase in mind!!
例二: We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal one.
分析:rather than是含有否定意義的肯定形式,故譯為“而不應(yīng),而非”。
譯文:我們知道,公函要以正式文體書寫,而非用私人信函的文體來來書寫。
★注意:
①所謂英語正面表達是指在原文中沒有用no、not或帶否定意義前綴的詞,如dishonest, impossible, indirect..
②英語中有些詞或短語常常正義反譯,如:miss the bus (沒有趕上公共汽車),be absent from the meeting (沒有出席會議),a final decision (不可改變的決定),(be)at a loss (不知所措)等。
③英語中有時所表達的并不是其字面意義,而是其字面意義的反義,或者說是對其字面意義的否定。例如:gas mask (防毒面具),riot police (防暴警察),crisis law (反危機法案)。
④有些句子則需要通過上下文,根據(jù)邏輯推理,仔細推敲關(guān)鍵詞的實際含義,再采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆醋g法進行翻譯。
2、反義正譯
例一:In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.
分析:there is no doubt 意為it is clear,故譯為“十分清楚或毫無疑問”。在一次看這句時或許你也會像popo一樣迷惑off的意思,其實這里還有一個詞組be better off,意為“生活好,境況好,富?!?。例:We are better off now.
譯文:從長遠的觀點來看,如果完全禁止吸煙,毫無疑問,那么每個人的境況將得到很大改善。但對于采取這種極端措施,人們尚無準(zhǔn)備。
例二:His income is not so small but he can support his family.
分析:not so …but 句型中but是連接詞,意為that…not.所以,此句如直譯,則為:他的收入還沒有少到不能養(yǎng)家糊口。但按照漢語習(xí)慣,我們常把它意譯。
譯文:他的收入無論怎么少,也能維持一家的生活。
★注意:反義正譯時重要的翻譯方法之一,這種常見的語言現(xiàn)象還有:
①It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.
(開那么高的價,簡直是敲竹杠。)
②I am not so sick but I can come to sit for the exam.
(盡管我生病了,但還是能來參加考試,或,我還沒有病到不能來參加考試。)
③The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.
(被擊敗的敵人只得投降。)
④You can not attach too much importance to the matter.
(你應(yīng)該非常重視這件事。)
⑤He is no less clever than his brother.
(他和他兄弟一樣聰明。)
⑥The man over there is none other than our principal.
(占在那兒的人正是我們的校長。)
1、請將下面句子翻譯成中文。(▲注意deny的翻譯)
Such teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which denies them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
2、請將下面的句子翻譯成中文。(▲注意cannot too的翻譯)
Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete ,certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.
3、請把下面的句子翻譯成中文:(▲注意nothing but的翻譯)
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.
英漢兩種語言均可以從正面或反面來表達同一概念。
正義反譯是指英語里有些從正面表達的詞語或句子,譯成漢語時可以從反面來表達;
反義正譯是指英語里有些從反面表達的詞語或句子,譯成漢語時可以從正面來表達。
正義反譯和反義正譯是一種翻譯方法,其目的是為了解決翻譯過程中所遇到的表達方面的困難,使譯文更通順達意。
1、正義反譯
例一:But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being “works of art”.
分析: (be)far from 在英語里是正面表達,但其含義是not at all, 故譯為“遠非,遠不是,一點也不(是)”。如:Your work is far from (being ) satisfactory.(你的工作也一點也不令人滿意)
譯文:可是我們要牢記送到審讀員面前的大量書刊、戲劇和電影遠非“杰作”。
★注意:送給大家一個很常見,很好用的詞:bear in mind 意為“記住,牢記,不忘”,so you must bear this phrase in mind!!
例二: We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal one.
分析:rather than是含有否定意義的肯定形式,故譯為“而不應(yīng),而非”。
譯文:我們知道,公函要以正式文體書寫,而非用私人信函的文體來來書寫。
★注意:
①所謂英語正面表達是指在原文中沒有用no、not或帶否定意義前綴的詞,如dishonest, impossible, indirect..
②英語中有些詞或短語常常正義反譯,如:miss the bus (沒有趕上公共汽車),be absent from the meeting (沒有出席會議),a final decision (不可改變的決定),(be)at a loss (不知所措)等。
③英語中有時所表達的并不是其字面意義,而是其字面意義的反義,或者說是對其字面意義的否定。例如:gas mask (防毒面具),riot police (防暴警察),crisis law (反危機法案)。
④有些句子則需要通過上下文,根據(jù)邏輯推理,仔細推敲關(guān)鍵詞的實際含義,再采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆醋g法進行翻譯。
2、反義正譯
例一:In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better off if smoking were banned altogether, but people are not ready for such drastic action.
分析:there is no doubt 意為it is clear,故譯為“十分清楚或毫無疑問”。在一次看這句時或許你也會像popo一樣迷惑off的意思,其實這里還有一個詞組be better off,意為“生活好,境況好,富?!?。例:We are better off now.
譯文:從長遠的觀點來看,如果完全禁止吸煙,毫無疑問,那么每個人的境況將得到很大改善。但對于采取這種極端措施,人們尚無準(zhǔn)備。
例二:His income is not so small but he can support his family.
分析:not so …but 句型中but是連接詞,意為that…not.所以,此句如直譯,則為:他的收入還沒有少到不能養(yǎng)家糊口。但按照漢語習(xí)慣,我們常把它意譯。
譯文:他的收入無論怎么少,也能維持一家的生活。
★注意:反義正譯時重要的翻譯方法之一,這種常見的語言現(xiàn)象還有:
①It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.
(開那么高的價,簡直是敲竹杠。)
②I am not so sick but I can come to sit for the exam.
(盡管我生病了,但還是能來參加考試,或,我還沒有病到不能來參加考試。)
③The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender.
(被擊敗的敵人只得投降。)
④You can not attach too much importance to the matter.
(你應(yīng)該非常重視這件事。)
⑤He is no less clever than his brother.
(他和他兄弟一樣聰明。)
⑥The man over there is none other than our principal.
(占在那兒的人正是我們的校長。)
1、請將下面句子翻譯成中文。(▲注意deny的翻譯)
Such teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which denies them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.
2、請將下面的句子翻譯成中文。(▲注意cannot too的翻譯)
Young scientists cannot realize too soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete ,certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.
3、請把下面的句子翻譯成中文:(▲注意nothing but的翻譯)
The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.