Unit 13
Part One
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “l(fā)aunched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
1. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1)most probably means___
A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing
2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century___
A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.___
A. are resistant to homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American culture.
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.
D.constitute the majority of the population.
4. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world.
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
5. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
A. rewarding B. Successful C. fruitless D. harmful
Unit 13(2006)Part 1
重點(diǎn)詞匯:
1. uniformity n. 一樣,一致;統(tǒng)一性;(相關(guān)詞)uniform a.相同的,統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的;be uniform with與……同一形式或外貌
2. casualness n. 偶然,意外;草率行事;漫不經(jīng)心;平心靜氣
3. array ?、?n. 排列;一批,大量;顯眼的一系列?、?vt. 排列,制定(計(jì)劃等):array oneself 裝扮,打扮自己、搭配vast arrays of 大批的,大量的
4. knowledgeable a. 有知識(shí)的,學(xué)識(shí)淵博的,有見識(shí)的
5. amaze v. 使(某人)驚異或驚奇
6. intimate a. 密切的,親密的
7. cater v. = provide food and service 提供飲食及服務(wù); 搭配 cater for(或to)提供飲食及服務(wù),迎合(某人)
8. elite n. 精英,尖子
9. elevate vt. 提升,抬起,振作精神;使(人)歡欣鼓舞;提高(思想、道德品質(zhì)、文化素質(zhì)等)。例:Good books may elevate the mind. 好書可以提高思想修養(yǎng)。搭配elevate to 提升為,提拔至。
10. unprecedented a. 前所未有的,空前的,無前例的
11. assimilation n. 吸收,(社會(huì)/民族的)同化;文化的吸收 (相關(guān)詞)assimilate ...into 使同化;被同化;融合到……中去;assimilate ...to 使(某人)相似;使相同/一模一樣;assimilate with 同化;與……融為一體;assimilative a. 同化的,引起同化作用的resistant?。?to) 對(duì)…… 有抵抗力的;耐……的;抗……的;防……的
12. proficient (+in) ① a. 熟練的;精通的 ② n. 專家;能手
13. intermarriage n.異族通婚;近親結(jié)婚 相關(guān)詞 intermarry with 與……通婚graveyard n. 教堂墓地;公墓;垃圾場(chǎng);政治上發(fā)展的終點(diǎn)
14. immune?。?to) a. phr. 有免疫力的,不易感染的
15. divisive a. 引起分歧的,導(dǎo)致分裂的例:divisive issues引起分歧的重要問題相關(guān)詞division n. ①=separation or distribution 分開;分配②=disagreement; lack of Unity 分歧;分裂
16. turbulent a. =violent; disorderly; uncontrolled; stormy騷動(dòng)的,*的,洶涌的,狂暴的,無序的相關(guān)詞 turbulence*波動(dòng),旋流deteriorate v. 變壞,變質(zhì),惡化
17. homogenize v. 使均勻,使均質(zhì)(make the same throughout)相關(guān)詞 homogeneous a. =similar; alike 同性質(zhì)的,同類的 homogenization(趨)同化Hispanic ① a. 西班牙和葡萄牙的;說西班牙語國(guó)家的 ② n.拉丁美洲人;西班牙裔人
18. democratize vt. 使(某事)民主化 相關(guān)詞①democracy民主,民主制②democratic a. 民主的,有民主精神的
19. bilingual a. 會(huì)雙語的,雙語的,搭配bilingual education雙語教學(xué)superstar* n. 超級(jí)明星,巨星seething a. 生氣的,發(fā)怒的
試題解析:
1【正確答案】[C]assimilating
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】詞匯識(shí)別題。
【試題解析】根據(jù)原文首句的上下文就能確定答案是[C],因?yàn)樵氖拙溟_始的in spite of表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,就是說homogenizing與前面的 difference在上下文中構(gòu)成反義詞,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能與difference構(gòu)成反義詞的只有assimilate。當(dāng)然從后文也能看出文章中的考點(diǎn)詞assimilate是homogenizing的同義詞。有的同學(xué)根據(jù)詞根homo表示“相同”的意思選[C]也是對(duì)的。另外,37題的bummer根據(jù)上文的對(duì)于“不幸”的描寫,也能選到[B]“令人不快的”。
2【正確答案】[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。
【試題解析】 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題,根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞dePartment stores of the 19th century定位一段,再根據(jù)原文排除可以推出[A]是對(duì)的。注意[D]顛倒了因果關(guān)系。
3【正確答案】[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】語意推斷題。
【試題解析】這是一道簡(jiǎn)單的推理題。問題問文中暗示現(xiàn)在美國(guó)的移民如何?2段首句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not...but就告訴了我們現(xiàn)在美國(guó)移民的特點(diǎn):能融入共同文化(common culture),表達(dá)這一意思的選項(xiàng)只有[C]。
4【正確答案】[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】這是一道語意推斷題。
【試題解析】本題難度較大,所以在這里作一個(gè)比較詳細(xì)的解釋。[A]很容易排除,就不講了。對(duì)于[B]選項(xiàng)只要抓住the public 就可以知道絕對(duì)不能選。注意原文some Americans fear that immigrants..., “some Americans”(一些美國(guó)人)能代表the public(公眾)嗎? 顯然不行,除非是Most Americans在閱讀的替換中可以認(rèn)為是the public, 命題者在這里是偷換概念,也就是錯(cuò)誤替換?。跜]作者在文章中提到的成功的人物一定是移民嗎?盡管從廣義上來說所有的美國(guó)人都是移民。有的考生說施瓦辛格是移民,但考研閱讀不要求考生知道背景,對(duì)所有專業(yè)的考生是公平的,即使你沒聽說過他。另外,如果題目舉這兩個(gè)人的例子就是為了說明移民本身的成功,那就偏離了文章的主題,大家應(yīng)該都知道例子是為主題或者主題句服務(wù)的。本篇文章討論的主題就是美國(guó)在吸收移民方面的成功,美國(guó)文化的同化能力很強(qiáng),本文并不討論移民個(gè)人的成功。請(qǐng)注意yet后面的內(nèi)容:然而,一些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心在美國(guó)的移民會(huì)不受美國(guó)強(qiáng)大的同化能力的影響(有免疫能力)。這句話的內(nèi)涵是什么呢?前半句講了即使美國(guó)之外的人也崇拜美國(guó)人,那么作者就說了,人們何必?fù)?dān)心住在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的移民不受到美國(guó)文化的影響呢?言下之意是美國(guó)文化在全世界包括美國(guó)都有強(qiáng)大的影響。
5.【正確答案】[B]successful.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】這是一道作者態(tài)度題。
【試題解析】本題除了[C]沒人選,其他選項(xiàng)都有人選。題目問作者對(duì)美國(guó)吸收移民的觀點(diǎn)是什么。注意題干中的absorption就是文中的homogenize和assimilate兩個(gè)詞的“同義替換”。請(qǐng)注意文章第二段第一句話Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 講了移民溶入美國(guó)文化is hardly poisonous=is hardly harmful,所以[D]不能選。而實(shí)際上作者從好幾個(gè)方面講到了美國(guó)吸收移民的成功,比如說移民到第三代的時(shí)候基本上忘掉了原來的語言,新移民的家庭一般高于50%的人都擁有自己的房子等等,所以選[B]。本文并沒有著重強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)吸收移民是有好處的,有回報(bào)的,而只是強(qiáng)調(diào)吸收移民的過程的成功,這里[A]rewarding又是偷換概念。關(guān)鍵還是看文章強(qiáng)調(diào)什么,這是一切閱讀的精髓!
全文翻譯:
不管我們?nèi)绾梧┼┎恍莸卣務(wù)摬顒e,美國(guó)社會(huì)實(shí)際上是一臺(tái)同化人們的神奇的機(jī)器。這就是民主化的著裝和話語的統(tǒng)一以及十九世紀(jì)在高雅的氛圍中陳列著琳瑯滿目的商品的百貨商店所發(fā)起的隨意消費(fèi)及沒有消費(fèi)的活動(dòng)。他們不是為了迎合有知識(shí)的精英們而開設(shè)親情商店,而是創(chuàng)建了“不分階層和背景人人都可以進(jìn)入”的大眾商店。這使得購(gòu)物成為一種大眾的、民主的行為。大眾傳媒、廣告和體育也是協(xié)助人們均質(zhì)化的推動(dòng)力。盡管這種文化一點(diǎn)也不高雅,但也不是完全有害的,移民們很快就融入了這種共同文化。Gregory Rodriguez為美國(guó)移民研討會(huì)撰文指出,今天的移民既不是處于空前的水平,也不抵制同化。在1998年,移民占全國(guó)人口的9.8%;在1900年為13.6%。在1990年以前的十年之中,在每千位居民當(dāng)中,有3.1位新來的移民;而在1890年以前的十年之中,每千位居民當(dāng)中就有9.2位移民?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們來看一下三個(gè)同化指標(biāo)——語言、擁有產(chǎn)權(quán)住房和異族結(jié)婚情況。1990年的人口普查透露:“來自十五個(gè)移民數(shù)量最多的國(guó)家的移民在到美國(guó)十年后英語說得‘好’或‘很好’?!币泼竦淖优畮缀醵颊f兩種語言,且精通英語?!暗搅说谌?,在大多數(shù)移民家庭,他們的母語就消失了。”因此,有人就把美國(guó)描述成了“語言的墳場(chǎng)”。到了1965年,出生于國(guó)外的、在1970年以前到達(dá)美國(guó)的移民有75.6%購(gòu)置了自己的住房,這個(gè)數(shù)字高出土生土長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人的擁有自己所有權(quán)住房的百分比——69.8%。在國(guó)外出生的亞裔和西班牙裔移民“與美國(guó)本土白人和黑人相比,與異族通婚的比率要高?!钡搅说谌?,有三分之一的西班牙裔女性與非西班牙裔男性結(jié)婚,而有41%亞裔美國(guó)婦女與非亞裔男性結(jié)婚?! ?Rodriguez注意到,世界邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的兒童是諸如阿諾德?施瓦辛格和加斯?布魯克斯等超級(jí)明星的星迷,而“一些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心生活在美國(guó)的移民在某種程度上并不受美國(guó)的同化力量的影響?!痹诿绹?guó)是否存在不和以及潛在的不安?答案是肯定的,而且問題的嚴(yán)重性足以超越其他事宜。但是與美國(guó)動(dòng)蕩的過去相比,這些社會(huì)指標(biāo)說明美國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境變得黑暗,且正在惡化。
Part One
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “l(fā)aunched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
1. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1)most probably means___
A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing
2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century___
A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.___
A. are resistant to homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American culture.
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.
D.constitute the majority of the population.
4. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world.
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
5. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is
A. rewarding B. Successful C. fruitless D. harmful
Unit 13(2006)Part 1
重點(diǎn)詞匯:
1. uniformity n. 一樣,一致;統(tǒng)一性;(相關(guān)詞)uniform a.相同的,統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的;be uniform with與……同一形式或外貌
2. casualness n. 偶然,意外;草率行事;漫不經(jīng)心;平心靜氣
3. array ?、?n. 排列;一批,大量;顯眼的一系列?、?vt. 排列,制定(計(jì)劃等):array oneself 裝扮,打扮自己、搭配vast arrays of 大批的,大量的
4. knowledgeable a. 有知識(shí)的,學(xué)識(shí)淵博的,有見識(shí)的
5. amaze v. 使(某人)驚異或驚奇
6. intimate a. 密切的,親密的
7. cater v. = provide food and service 提供飲食及服務(wù); 搭配 cater for(或to)提供飲食及服務(wù),迎合(某人)
8. elite n. 精英,尖子
9. elevate vt. 提升,抬起,振作精神;使(人)歡欣鼓舞;提高(思想、道德品質(zhì)、文化素質(zhì)等)。例:Good books may elevate the mind. 好書可以提高思想修養(yǎng)。搭配elevate to 提升為,提拔至。
10. unprecedented a. 前所未有的,空前的,無前例的
11. assimilation n. 吸收,(社會(huì)/民族的)同化;文化的吸收 (相關(guān)詞)assimilate ...into 使同化;被同化;融合到……中去;assimilate ...to 使(某人)相似;使相同/一模一樣;assimilate with 同化;與……融為一體;assimilative a. 同化的,引起同化作用的resistant?。?to) 對(duì)…… 有抵抗力的;耐……的;抗……的;防……的
12. proficient (+in) ① a. 熟練的;精通的 ② n. 專家;能手
13. intermarriage n.異族通婚;近親結(jié)婚 相關(guān)詞 intermarry with 與……通婚graveyard n. 教堂墓地;公墓;垃圾場(chǎng);政治上發(fā)展的終點(diǎn)
14. immune?。?to) a. phr. 有免疫力的,不易感染的
15. divisive a. 引起分歧的,導(dǎo)致分裂的例:divisive issues引起分歧的重要問題相關(guān)詞division n. ①=separation or distribution 分開;分配②=disagreement; lack of Unity 分歧;分裂
16. turbulent a. =violent; disorderly; uncontrolled; stormy騷動(dòng)的,*的,洶涌的,狂暴的,無序的相關(guān)詞 turbulence*波動(dòng),旋流deteriorate v. 變壞,變質(zhì),惡化
17. homogenize v. 使均勻,使均質(zhì)(make the same throughout)相關(guān)詞 homogeneous a. =similar; alike 同性質(zhì)的,同類的 homogenization(趨)同化Hispanic ① a. 西班牙和葡萄牙的;說西班牙語國(guó)家的 ② n.拉丁美洲人;西班牙裔人
18. democratize vt. 使(某事)民主化 相關(guān)詞①democracy民主,民主制②democratic a. 民主的,有民主精神的
19. bilingual a. 會(huì)雙語的,雙語的,搭配bilingual education雙語教學(xué)superstar* n. 超級(jí)明星,巨星seething a. 生氣的,發(fā)怒的
試題解析:
1【正確答案】[C]assimilating
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】詞匯識(shí)別題。
【試題解析】根據(jù)原文首句的上下文就能確定答案是[C],因?yàn)樵氖拙溟_始的in spite of表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,就是說homogenizing與前面的 difference在上下文中構(gòu)成反義詞,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能與difference構(gòu)成反義詞的只有assimilate。當(dāng)然從后文也能看出文章中的考點(diǎn)詞assimilate是homogenizing的同義詞。有的同學(xué)根據(jù)詞根homo表示“相同”的意思選[C]也是對(duì)的。另外,37題的bummer根據(jù)上文的對(duì)于“不幸”的描寫,也能選到[B]“令人不快的”。
2【正確答案】[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。
【試題解析】 這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題,根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞dePartment stores of the 19th century定位一段,再根據(jù)原文排除可以推出[A]是對(duì)的。注意[D]顛倒了因果關(guān)系。
3【正確答案】[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】語意推斷題。
【試題解析】這是一道簡(jiǎn)單的推理題。問題問文中暗示現(xiàn)在美國(guó)的移民如何?2段首句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not...but就告訴了我們現(xiàn)在美國(guó)移民的特點(diǎn):能融入共同文化(common culture),表達(dá)這一意思的選項(xiàng)只有[C]。
4【正確答案】[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】這是一道語意推斷題。
【試題解析】本題難度較大,所以在這里作一個(gè)比較詳細(xì)的解釋。[A]很容易排除,就不講了。對(duì)于[B]選項(xiàng)只要抓住the public 就可以知道絕對(duì)不能選。注意原文some Americans fear that immigrants..., “some Americans”(一些美國(guó)人)能代表the public(公眾)嗎? 顯然不行,除非是Most Americans在閱讀的替換中可以認(rèn)為是the public, 命題者在這里是偷換概念,也就是錯(cuò)誤替換?。跜]作者在文章中提到的成功的人物一定是移民嗎?盡管從廣義上來說所有的美國(guó)人都是移民。有的考生說施瓦辛格是移民,但考研閱讀不要求考生知道背景,對(duì)所有專業(yè)的考生是公平的,即使你沒聽說過他。另外,如果題目舉這兩個(gè)人的例子就是為了說明移民本身的成功,那就偏離了文章的主題,大家應(yīng)該都知道例子是為主題或者主題句服務(wù)的。本篇文章討論的主題就是美國(guó)在吸收移民方面的成功,美國(guó)文化的同化能力很強(qiáng),本文并不討論移民個(gè)人的成功。請(qǐng)注意yet后面的內(nèi)容:然而,一些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心在美國(guó)的移民會(huì)不受美國(guó)強(qiáng)大的同化能力的影響(有免疫能力)。這句話的內(nèi)涵是什么呢?前半句講了即使美國(guó)之外的人也崇拜美國(guó)人,那么作者就說了,人們何必?fù)?dān)心住在美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的移民不受到美國(guó)文化的影響呢?言下之意是美國(guó)文化在全世界包括美國(guó)都有強(qiáng)大的影響。
5.【正確答案】[B]successful.
【測(cè)試要點(diǎn)】這是一道作者態(tài)度題。
【試題解析】本題除了[C]沒人選,其他選項(xiàng)都有人選。題目問作者對(duì)美國(guó)吸收移民的觀點(diǎn)是什么。注意題干中的absorption就是文中的homogenize和assimilate兩個(gè)詞的“同義替換”。請(qǐng)注意文章第二段第一句話Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 講了移民溶入美國(guó)文化is hardly poisonous=is hardly harmful,所以[D]不能選。而實(shí)際上作者從好幾個(gè)方面講到了美國(guó)吸收移民的成功,比如說移民到第三代的時(shí)候基本上忘掉了原來的語言,新移民的家庭一般高于50%的人都擁有自己的房子等等,所以選[B]。本文并沒有著重強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)吸收移民是有好處的,有回報(bào)的,而只是強(qiáng)調(diào)吸收移民的過程的成功,這里[A]rewarding又是偷換概念。關(guān)鍵還是看文章強(qiáng)調(diào)什么,這是一切閱讀的精髓!
全文翻譯:
不管我們?nèi)绾梧┼┎恍莸卣務(wù)摬顒e,美國(guó)社會(huì)實(shí)際上是一臺(tái)同化人們的神奇的機(jī)器。這就是民主化的著裝和話語的統(tǒng)一以及十九世紀(jì)在高雅的氛圍中陳列著琳瑯滿目的商品的百貨商店所發(fā)起的隨意消費(fèi)及沒有消費(fèi)的活動(dòng)。他們不是為了迎合有知識(shí)的精英們而開設(shè)親情商店,而是創(chuàng)建了“不分階層和背景人人都可以進(jìn)入”的大眾商店。這使得購(gòu)物成為一種大眾的、民主的行為。大眾傳媒、廣告和體育也是協(xié)助人們均質(zhì)化的推動(dòng)力。盡管這種文化一點(diǎn)也不高雅,但也不是完全有害的,移民們很快就融入了這種共同文化。Gregory Rodriguez為美國(guó)移民研討會(huì)撰文指出,今天的移民既不是處于空前的水平,也不抵制同化。在1998年,移民占全國(guó)人口的9.8%;在1900年為13.6%。在1990年以前的十年之中,在每千位居民當(dāng)中,有3.1位新來的移民;而在1890年以前的十年之中,每千位居民當(dāng)中就有9.2位移民?,F(xiàn)在,讓我們來看一下三個(gè)同化指標(biāo)——語言、擁有產(chǎn)權(quán)住房和異族結(jié)婚情況。1990年的人口普查透露:“來自十五個(gè)移民數(shù)量最多的國(guó)家的移民在到美國(guó)十年后英語說得‘好’或‘很好’?!币泼竦淖优畮缀醵颊f兩種語言,且精通英語?!暗搅说谌?,在大多數(shù)移民家庭,他們的母語就消失了。”因此,有人就把美國(guó)描述成了“語言的墳場(chǎng)”。到了1965年,出生于國(guó)外的、在1970年以前到達(dá)美國(guó)的移民有75.6%購(gòu)置了自己的住房,這個(gè)數(shù)字高出土生土長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人的擁有自己所有權(quán)住房的百分比——69.8%。在國(guó)外出生的亞裔和西班牙裔移民“與美國(guó)本土白人和黑人相比,與異族通婚的比率要高?!钡搅说谌?,有三分之一的西班牙裔女性與非西班牙裔男性結(jié)婚,而有41%亞裔美國(guó)婦女與非亞裔男性結(jié)婚?! ?Rodriguez注意到,世界邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的兒童是諸如阿諾德?施瓦辛格和加斯?布魯克斯等超級(jí)明星的星迷,而“一些美國(guó)人擔(dān)心生活在美國(guó)的移民在某種程度上并不受美國(guó)的同化力量的影響?!痹诿绹?guó)是否存在不和以及潛在的不安?答案是肯定的,而且問題的嚴(yán)重性足以超越其他事宜。但是與美國(guó)動(dòng)蕩的過去相比,這些社會(huì)指標(biāo)說明美國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境變得黑暗,且正在惡化。