Part Two
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father）had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged （Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi）. The world's three top central bankers （Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami）are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men （Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
6. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination.
7. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
8. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.
9. What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" （Lines 2 - 3, Paragraph 5）?
[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.
[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
10. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Unit 11 （2004） Part 2
重點詞匯：
1. condemn （聲討，譴責） 即con加強意義+demn詛咒指責。we all condem cruelty to children.我們一致譴責虐待兒童的行為
2. insidious?。ò抵羞M行的，不知不覺的）insidious diease 潛伏的疾病 the insidious approach of age不知不覺就老了 （ life is short and time is swift .孩子們努力吧！）
3. thrive （興旺，繁榮） He that will thrive, must rise at five. [諺]五更起床, 百事興旺。
4. thumb through （ 翻閱[書頁] ）
5. suspiciously?。ú乱傻?形跡可疑） Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切靜的離奇。
6. predecessor （前輩；[被取代的] 原有事物） 即pre－前面+cess-走+or-人→“走在我們前面的人”→“前輩”。 John Adams was Jefforson’s predecessor as President. 杰弗遜的前任總統(tǒng)是約翰－亞當斯The new proposal is better than its predecessor.新的建議比原來的好。
7. coincidence （巧合） The polt of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be lialistic. 這部小書的情節(jié)多靠巧合安排而無真實感。
8. rot（腐朽，腐化） the rot sets in when we lost that important customer in American.我們失去了美國那家重要客戶后。情況變得越來越糟。How can we stop the rot in our society?我們怎樣才能制止社會的腐敗呢？ Don’t talk rot! 不要胡說
9. humiliation?。ㄐ呷?，蒙恥） suffer publicc humiliation 當眾受辱 a national humilation 國恥
10. literally （ 簡直） I was literally bored to death!我真得膩煩死了。
11. shortlist 供最后選舉用的候選人名單
12. ballot?。ㄟx票） 即ball球+ot=et小→小球→舊時秘密表決用時的小球。The ballot is stronger than the bullet 選舉權比子彈更具威力——林肯。
13. attendee （出席者，參加者） 即at=ad到向+tend=sretch展開+ ee者。Attendees at a convention 大會的出席者
14. recipient （接收者） 即re+cip=take取+i+ent。 a recipient country 受援國 They would in time become the recipients of much criticism. 他們遲早會受到許多批評
15. plough （through） （艱難前進，） The ship ploughed through the waves那輪船破浪前進 plough through mountains of work 費力的處理堆積如山的工作
難句分析：
①This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
該句子的主干是this refers to discrimination。主語this 和謂語refers to之間插入了介詞短語for those作狀語，those 后跟著形容詞短語unaware of…作定語，賓語discrimination 后跟介詞短語against those作定語，those后又有whose引導的定語從句。
注意兩個逗號之間是補充說明成分,閱讀時可以先跳過不讀。
②It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
It has long been known that…是一個固定句式，他的意思是“長久以來人們都知道…”其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句；從句本身又是一個復合句，開始是主句 a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ，其中分詞結構called AAA cars 是后置定語，修飾firm,后面的when 引導一個時間狀語從句。
英語中為了避免頭重腳輕，通常把較長的主語放在句子后面，而以放在句首的形式主語it代替它。
③Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father） had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
該句子的主干是由and連接的兩個分句，即American president and vice-president have surnames，and 26 of…h(huán)ad surnames。第一個分句的賓語surnames后是分詞結構starting with作定語；第二個分句賓語緊跟的介詞結構in the first half of the alphabet作定語，另外一個分詞結構…的完整形式是against just 16 of George Bush's predecessors had surnames in the second half
④One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
本句的主干是主語+系動詞+表語結構: One theory, …is that the rot sets in early,其中兩個逗號之間的部分是過去分詞結構dreamt up…，作前面theory 的定語，其中過去分詞結構enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged作前面time的定語。
the alphabetically disadvantaged（在字母表上排為不利的人）的作用相當于名詞，指一類人。（the+形容詞＝名詞，指一類人）。 Rot此處的意思是“一連串的不利”，指因為姓氏的首字母在字母表中的位置考后所遭受的歧視。
⑤At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.
本句的主語是 the alphabetically disadvantaged，謂語是 may think，后免得 they have had a lucky escape.是一個賓語從句。
Luck escape此處可以譯為“暗自慶幸”
⑥Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
該句子的主干是and連接的兩個分句：all tend to be drawn up，and their recipients lose interest.冒號前的三個名詞短語是第一個分句主語all的同位語。As引導的時間狀語從句，修飾第二個分句。
弄懂本句的關鍵是理解冒號的作用：（冒號連接從抽象到具體的過程，冒號后面的東西具體說明前面的內容。）
試題解析：
本文的主題是關于對姓氏字母排列在后的人的種種歧視。作者開篇提出中心，下文接著通過列舉電話號碼簿上的字母排列順序、總統(tǒng)名字、7大富有國的7大政界首腦名字等等例子論證論點。
6. 【正確答案】[A]
題干問：“作者在文中提到了AAAA車與Zodiac車，其目的是為了說明 ……”。 本題考察考生對原文論點和論據(jù)的把握能力。顯然，第1自然段作者提出了論點，而第2自然段為舉證。選項［A］ “一種受人忽略的不平等”符合題干的含義。選項［D］“一種品牌歧視”本身是例證，不是作者論證的觀點。選項［B］“一種易見的偏見”和選項［Ｃ］“一種個人偏見”都未表述出篇章的中心論點，即“社會的不平等”。
7. 【正確答案】[D]
題干問：“我們從前三段得出的推論是什么？”本題可以從以下三方面考慮。首先，作者整篇文章的態(tài)度是否定和批判的。其次，篇章的重要話題是歧視“discriminaiton”。其三，第1自然段中出現(xiàn)了“insidious”一詞，第2自然段中出現(xiàn)了“has long been known”表達，都說明了這種現(xiàn)象常常被人們忽視。選項［D］“某種歧視太微妙而不易引人注意”是根據(jù)原文可以得出的推理。選項［A］“無論在東方或西方，名字對成功都是至關重要的”，選項［B］“Zo? Zysman的失敗歸咎于字母表”和選項［Ｃ］“消費者經(jīng)常太多地關注公司的名字”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述。
8．【正確答案】 [C]
題干問：“第4段的暗示是 ……”。注意題干的要求，可以定位在原文的第4自然段，歸納原文信息，可知選項［Ｃ］“教師應該注意的是所有的學生”正確。其實，在下文第5自然段作者再次表述了這一觀點。選項［A］“被提問的往往是更聰明的學生”，選項［B］“字母順序有劣勢的學生常常逃學”和選項［D］“應該根據(jù)學生的視力來安排座位”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
9. 【正確答案】[B]
題干問：“當作者提到‘most people are literally having a ZZZ’，其含義是什么？”題干中短語的位置出現(xiàn)在原文第5自然段。該表達與上文第4自然段的“attention”和下文的“l(fā)ose interest”構成了照應關系，根據(jù)篇章的一致性，選項［B］“他們正在鼾聲隆隆地進入夢鄉(xiāng)”與上文構成了較佳的銜接關系。而選項［A］“他們正在變得不耐煩”，［C］“他們正在感到受羞辱”，和［D］“他們忙著玩文字游戲”都無法構成這種的概念性的重復和銜接關系，甚至是根據(jù)原文片語信息的斷章取義。
10. 【正確答案】[D]
題干問：“根據(jù)本文，下面哪項是正確的？”本題可以從以下三方面考慮。首先，可以從第1自然段的論點得出判斷。其次，可以從篇章的關鍵詞概念判斷，如“alphabetism”、“bias”、“discrimination”等。其三，可以從作者的態(tài)度來看。根據(jù)這些分析，選項［D］“按照字母表順序排列方法可能造成無意的偏見”與原文信息是吻合的。選項［A］“姓氏開頭字母從N到Z的人常常受到虐待”，選項［B］“西方世界的名流從字母排列得到許多好處”，選項［Ｃ］“消除字母排列歧視的斗爭短時間內不會有太大進展”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
全文翻譯：
在過去的一個世紀里各種各樣的不公和歧視遭到了譴責或定為非法。但是有一種隱蔽的形式還在蔓延：按字母表順序排名。對于尚未意識到其危害的人來說，它指的是對那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
人們早已知道在客戶翻閱電話簿時，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott較之Zo? Zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那么為人所知了。英語的姓名雖然在字母表的前后兩半部分的分布相當平均，但人物的姓名的首字母在A與K之間的卻多得可疑。
如此這般，美國的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭。喬治?布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。更加令人矚目的是七大富裕強國政府的首腦中有六位在其姓氏按字母表順序排名時靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。世界三大中央銀行行長（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情況也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。
這僅僅是巧合嗎？按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時光時憑空想出一種理論，認為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。在幼兒學校第一年之始，老師為了較為容易記住學生的名字，就按字母表順序由前往后給學生排座位。因此近視的小Zysman就被插在了后排，這樣一來，粗心的教師提出的有助于提高的問題就很少會問到他。這時，按字母表順序排名靠后的學生還認為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運。然而，結果可能就是成績欠佳，因為這種學生得到的個人關注較少，同時當眾講話時的信心也不足。
這種委屈繼續(xù)著。在大學的畢業(yè)典禮上，姓名首字母是ABC的學生驕傲的首先領到獎品；等輪到Zysmans們領獎品的時候，大多數(shù)人簡直都在鼾聲大作了。求職面試、選舉投票、會議發(fā)言或參加會議等諸多名單，也是按字母表順序排序，當人們費勁地向下查看時，興趣隨之索然.
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father）had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged （Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi）. The world's three top central bankers （Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami）are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men （Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.
Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
6. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination.
7. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
8. The 4th paragraph suggests that ________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students.
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.
9. What does the author mean by "most people are literally having a ZZZ" （Lines 2 - 3, Paragraph 5）?
[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.
[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
10. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Unit 11 （2004） Part 2
重點詞匯：
1. condemn （聲討，譴責） 即con加強意義+demn詛咒指責。we all condem cruelty to children.我們一致譴責虐待兒童的行為
2. insidious?。ò抵羞M行的，不知不覺的）insidious diease 潛伏的疾病 the insidious approach of age不知不覺就老了 （ life is short and time is swift .孩子們努力吧！）
3. thrive （興旺，繁榮） He that will thrive, must rise at five. [諺]五更起床, 百事興旺。
4. thumb through （ 翻閱[書頁] ）
5. suspiciously?。ú乱傻?形跡可疑） Everything was suspiciously quiet. 一切靜的離奇。
6. predecessor （前輩；[被取代的] 原有事物） 即pre－前面+cess-走+or-人→“走在我們前面的人”→“前輩”。 John Adams was Jefforson’s predecessor as President. 杰弗遜的前任總統(tǒng)是約翰－亞當斯The new proposal is better than its predecessor.新的建議比原來的好。
7. coincidence （巧合） The polt of the novel relies too much on coincidence to be lialistic. 這部小書的情節(jié)多靠巧合安排而無真實感。
8. rot（腐朽，腐化） the rot sets in when we lost that important customer in American.我們失去了美國那家重要客戶后。情況變得越來越糟。How can we stop the rot in our society?我們怎樣才能制止社會的腐敗呢？ Don’t talk rot! 不要胡說
9. humiliation?。ㄐ呷?，蒙恥） suffer publicc humiliation 當眾受辱 a national humilation 國恥
10. literally （ 簡直） I was literally bored to death!我真得膩煩死了。
11. shortlist 供最后選舉用的候選人名單
12. ballot?。ㄟx票） 即ball球+ot=et小→小球→舊時秘密表決用時的小球。The ballot is stronger than the bullet 選舉權比子彈更具威力——林肯。
13. attendee （出席者，參加者） 即at=ad到向+tend=sretch展開+ ee者。Attendees at a convention 大會的出席者
14. recipient （接收者） 即re+cip=take取+i+ent。 a recipient country 受援國 They would in time become the recipients of much criticism. 他們遲早會受到許多批評
15. plough （through） （艱難前進，） The ship ploughed through the waves那輪船破浪前進 plough through mountains of work 費力的處理堆積如山的工作
難句分析：
①This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
該句子的主干是this refers to discrimination。主語this 和謂語refers to之間插入了介詞短語for those作狀語，those 后跟著形容詞短語unaware of…作定語，賓語discrimination 后跟介詞短語against those作定語，those后又有whose引導的定語從句。
注意兩個逗號之間是補充說明成分,閱讀時可以先跳過不讀。
②It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.
It has long been known that…是一個固定句式，他的意思是“長久以來人們都知道…”其中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that從句；從句本身又是一個復合句，開始是主句 a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ，其中分詞結構called AAA cars 是后置定語，修飾firm,后面的when 引導一個時間狀語從句。
英語中為了避免頭重腳輕，通常把較長的主語放在句子后面，而以放在句首的形式主語it代替它。
③Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father） had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
該句子的主干是由and連接的兩個分句，即American president and vice-president have surnames，and 26 of…h(huán)ad surnames。第一個分句的賓語surnames后是分詞結構starting with作定語；第二個分句賓語緊跟的介詞結構in the first half of the alphabet作定語，另外一個分詞結構…的完整形式是against just 16 of George Bush's predecessors had surnames in the second half
④One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
本句的主干是主語+系動詞+表語結構: One theory, …is that the rot sets in early,其中兩個逗號之間的部分是過去分詞結構dreamt up…，作前面theory 的定語，其中過去分詞結構enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged作前面time的定語。
the alphabetically disadvantaged（在字母表上排為不利的人）的作用相當于名詞，指一類人。（the+形容詞＝名詞，指一類人）。 Rot此處的意思是“一連串的不利”，指因為姓氏的首字母在字母表中的位置考后所遭受的歧視。
⑤At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.
本句的主語是 the alphabetically disadvantaged，謂語是 may think，后免得 they have had a lucky escape.是一個賓語從句。
Luck escape此處可以譯為“暗自慶幸”
⑥Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
該句子的主干是and連接的兩個分句：all tend to be drawn up，and their recipients lose interest.冒號前的三個名詞短語是第一個分句主語all的同位語。As引導的時間狀語從句，修飾第二個分句。
弄懂本句的關鍵是理解冒號的作用：（冒號連接從抽象到具體的過程，冒號后面的東西具體說明前面的內容。）
試題解析：
本文的主題是關于對姓氏字母排列在后的人的種種歧視。作者開篇提出中心，下文接著通過列舉電話號碼簿上的字母排列順序、總統(tǒng)名字、7大富有國的7大政界首腦名字等等例子論證論點。
6. 【正確答案】[A]
題干問：“作者在文中提到了AAAA車與Zodiac車，其目的是為了說明 ……”。 本題考察考生對原文論點和論據(jù)的把握能力。顯然，第1自然段作者提出了論點，而第2自然段為舉證。選項［A］ “一種受人忽略的不平等”符合題干的含義。選項［D］“一種品牌歧視”本身是例證，不是作者論證的觀點。選項［B］“一種易見的偏見”和選項［Ｃ］“一種個人偏見”都未表述出篇章的中心論點，即“社會的不平等”。
7. 【正確答案】[D]
題干問：“我們從前三段得出的推論是什么？”本題可以從以下三方面考慮。首先，作者整篇文章的態(tài)度是否定和批判的。其次，篇章的重要話題是歧視“discriminaiton”。其三，第1自然段中出現(xiàn)了“insidious”一詞，第2自然段中出現(xiàn)了“has long been known”表達，都說明了這種現(xiàn)象常常被人們忽視。選項［D］“某種歧視太微妙而不易引人注意”是根據(jù)原文可以得出的推理。選項［A］“無論在東方或西方，名字對成功都是至關重要的”，選項［B］“Zo? Zysman的失敗歸咎于字母表”和選項［Ｃ］“消費者經(jīng)常太多地關注公司的名字”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述。
8．【正確答案】 [C]
題干問：“第4段的暗示是 ……”。注意題干的要求，可以定位在原文的第4自然段，歸納原文信息，可知選項［Ｃ］“教師應該注意的是所有的學生”正確。其實，在下文第5自然段作者再次表述了這一觀點。選項［A］“被提問的往往是更聰明的學生”，選項［B］“字母順序有劣勢的學生常常逃學”和選項［D］“應該根據(jù)學生的視力來安排座位”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
9. 【正確答案】[B]
題干問：“當作者提到‘most people are literally having a ZZZ’，其含義是什么？”題干中短語的位置出現(xiàn)在原文第5自然段。該表達與上文第4自然段的“attention”和下文的“l(fā)ose interest”構成了照應關系，根據(jù)篇章的一致性，選項［B］“他們正在鼾聲隆隆地進入夢鄉(xiāng)”與上文構成了較佳的銜接關系。而選項［A］“他們正在變得不耐煩”，［C］“他們正在感到受羞辱”，和［D］“他們忙著玩文字游戲”都無法構成這種的概念性的重復和銜接關系，甚至是根據(jù)原文片語信息的斷章取義。
10. 【正確答案】[D]
題干問：“根據(jù)本文，下面哪項是正確的？”本題可以從以下三方面考慮。首先，可以從第1自然段的論點得出判斷。其次，可以從篇章的關鍵詞概念判斷，如“alphabetism”、“bias”、“discrimination”等。其三，可以從作者的態(tài)度來看。根據(jù)這些分析，選項［D］“按照字母表順序排列方法可能造成無意的偏見”與原文信息是吻合的。選項［A］“姓氏開頭字母從N到Z的人常常受到虐待”，選項［B］“西方世界的名流從字母排列得到許多好處”，選項［Ｃ］“消除字母排列歧視的斗爭短時間內不會有太大進展”，三個選項是原文片語表達斷章取義的表述，甚至是原文信息的曲解。
全文翻譯：
在過去的一個世紀里各種各樣的不公和歧視遭到了譴責或定為非法。但是有一種隱蔽的形式還在蔓延：按字母表順序排名。對于尚未意識到其危害的人來說，它指的是對那些姓氏起始字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
人們早已知道在客戶翻閱電話簿時，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott較之Zo? Zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那么為人所知了。英語的姓名雖然在字母表的前后兩半部分的分布相當平均，但人物的姓名的首字母在A與K之間的卻多得可疑。
如此這般，美國的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭。喬治?布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。更加令人矚目的是七大富裕強國政府的首腦中有六位在其姓氏按字母表順序排名時靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。世界三大中央銀行行長（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上最富有的前五位情況也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。
這僅僅是巧合嗎？按字母表順序排名靠后的人在享受閑暇時光時憑空想出一種理論，認為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。在幼兒學校第一年之始，老師為了較為容易記住學生的名字，就按字母表順序由前往后給學生排座位。因此近視的小Zysman就被插在了后排，這樣一來，粗心的教師提出的有助于提高的問題就很少會問到他。這時，按字母表順序排名靠后的學生還認為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運。然而，結果可能就是成績欠佳，因為這種學生得到的個人關注較少，同時當眾講話時的信心也不足。
這種委屈繼續(xù)著。在大學的畢業(yè)典禮上，姓名首字母是ABC的學生驕傲的首先領到獎品；等輪到Zysmans們領獎品的時候，大多數(shù)人簡直都在鼾聲大作了。求職面試、選舉投票、會議發(fā)言或參加會議等諸多名單，也是按字母表順序排序，當人們費勁地向下查看時，興趣隨之索然.