Part Two
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon — it's already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
5. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ____.
[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do
[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
[D] cash money wherever he wishes to
6. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ____.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
7. The phrase “ring up sales”（Lines 2-3, Paragraph 2）most probably means “____”.
[A] make an order of goods
[B] record sales on a cash register
[C] call the sales manager
[D] keep track of the goods in stock
8.What is this passage mainly about?
[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.
Unit 1（1994）Part2
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
deposit（v.n.存放；儲(chǔ)蓄；沉淀）即de+pos+it，de-向下，pos詞根“放”，it后綴，“放下它”。
horizon （地平線；眼界）。The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平線主要由心胸的擴(kuò)大而拓展。
processor （制造者；處理器）←process處理+or；microprocessor（微處理器）←micro+processor。
難句解析：
① They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad and they make many banking services available as well.
此句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句，其中第一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad，在閱讀時(shí)在此處可以適當(dāng)?shù)丶涌焖俣取?BR> 此句在理解中的難點(diǎn)是短語(yǔ)give somebody credit，此處credit應(yīng)理解為“信用額度”，在英文中credit card意味著持卡人可以有一定的透支額度。
② Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
這兩個(gè)短句雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是由于其中包含有幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)，如do much more than...，ring up，electronic cash registers等，因此在閱讀中也存在一定的障礙，在我們不知道一個(gè)短語(yǔ)的確切意思的情況下，通過上下文來(lái)定位其大致意思就顯得非常重要。
electronic cash registers意為“電子收銀并記錄”；do much more than的意思是“做的不只是”；ring up的意思可以從第一個(gè)短句的結(jié)構(gòu)中推出，第一個(gè)短句的結(jié)構(gòu)為A can do much more than simply B，我們知道A和B之間只存在程度上的差異，而本質(zhì)相同，因此ring up應(yīng)該與electronic cash registers意思相同或相近，應(yīng)為“收款，記錄”的意思。
③ At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
在第一個(gè)句子中包含有兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient，而在逗號(hào)后面的是一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)修飾主句。
第一個(gè)句子中最后一個(gè)詞accordingly和第二個(gè)句子中的preferred是理解的重點(diǎn)。accordingly意為“相應(yīng)地”，而preferred是一個(gè)形容詞，不是prefer的過去分詞，意為“有優(yōu)先權(quán)的，優(yōu)先的”。
④ Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
本句中的主語(yǔ)有一個(gè)非常長(zhǎng)的修飾成分from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors，在閱讀的時(shí)候，如果我們注意到它只是在逗號(hào)之間的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分，我們就可以先跳過去抓句子的主干成分。
試題解析：
5．【正確答案】[B]
文章的第1段利用一系列的實(shí)例說(shuō)明了信用卡（credit card）給其使用者帶來(lái)的諸多方便，第2段第1句前半句總結(jié)概括了第1段的主題。
[A]原文指出，信用卡的持有者可以不受地域和時(shí)間的限制存取錢，但這并不意味著愿取多少就取多少。[C]意為：（與不持有信用卡的人相比）享受更多的信譽(yù)，這是不符合事實(shí)的，事實(shí)上，無(wú)論是持信用卡還是持現(xiàn)金，顧客在購(gòu)物時(shí)都享有同等的信譽(yù)。[D]意為：想在哪個(gè)地方兌換現(xiàn)金都可以。這也說(shuō)得有些空泛，如：由一個(gè)銀行發(fā)放的信用卡未必適用于另一個(gè)銀行及其分行。
6．【正確答案】[C]
原文第1段第4句指出：對(duì)許多美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)”已經(jīng)來(lái)到，而不是將要來(lái)到（on the horizon）。
[A]原句未指出是否所有美國(guó)人將都會(huì)使用信用卡。[B]這一選擇顯然是不正確的，信用卡的使用并非主要限于美國(guó)。[D]本文并未指出以前信用卡的使用不方便，因此，我們也無(wú)法作出任何比較。原句也沒這方面的含意。
7．【正確答案】[B]
“register”意為：記數(shù)器，記錄器。原句中ring up意為：將……記錄在記數(shù)器內(nèi)，sales意為：銷售額。同一段后文指出：除了記錄銷售額以外，計(jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上還有更廣泛的用途，而記錄銷售額是電子收款機(jī)最基本的功能。
[A]、[C]都不正確。[D]意為：跟蹤記錄現(xiàn)存貨物。
8．【正確答案】[B]
本文的主旨陳述在最后一段，電子收款機(jī)與信用卡使用都是計(jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上應(yīng)用的實(shí)例，本文旨在指出計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給使用者帶來(lái)的諸多方便。
[A]本文不再去說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)如何在商業(yè)上使用而主要談?wù)撚?jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上的應(yīng)用所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。[C]意為：商業(yè)自動(dòng)化的意義。本文的著眼點(diǎn)不在“意義”上，而更重在說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給生產(chǎn)者與消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的諸多方便。[D]文章的第1段列舉了信用卡的使用給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的好處，但這并不是文章的主旨，作者僅僅是想通過信用卡這一例子來(lái)說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的諸多方便這一主旨。
全文翻譯：
1.3億美國(guó)人的手中至少持有一家銀行發(fā)行的信用卡。信用卡持有者可在商店、飯店、賓館，在當(dāng)?shù)?、外地甚至?guó)外賒購(gòu)貨物，同時(shí)信用卡還可以使他們得到銀行提供的許多服務(wù)。越來(lái)越多的信用卡可以自動(dòng)讀取，于是持卡人就可以在不同地方存取，不管本地支行是否營(yíng)業(yè)。對(duì)于我們很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，“無(wú)現(xiàn)鈔的社會(huì)”不是即將來(lái)臨，而是已經(jīng)到來(lái)。
計(jì)算機(jī)為消費(fèi)者提供諸多方便的同時(shí)，也給商家?guī)?lái)很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。電子收銀機(jī)能做的遠(yuǎn)不止記錄銷售額，它們可進(jìn)行各種各樣的記錄，包括誰(shuí)賣了什么，何時(shí)賣的，賣給誰(shuí)了。這些信息通過顯示銷售商品的種類和銷售速度，使商家能夠跟蹤和記錄它們的商品清單，然后做出決定是再定貨還是把商品退給供應(yīng)商。同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄哪些時(shí)間段是高峰，哪些員工率，進(jìn)而就能對(duì)人員分配進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。此外，他們還確定理想的顧客群進(jìn)行促銷活動(dòng)。基于同樣的原因，生產(chǎn)商們也依賴計(jì)算機(jī)。計(jì)算機(jī)分析的營(yíng)銷報(bào)告能有助于決定目前應(yīng)重點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)哪些商品，將來(lái)開發(fā)哪些產(chǎn)品，哪些應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)。計(jì)算機(jī)跟蹤庫(kù)存商品，現(xiàn)有原材料甚至生產(chǎn)過程本身。
許多其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志社，從燃?xì)怆娖鞴镜脚Ｄ碳庸S都通過計(jì)算機(jī)的使用給消費(fèi)者提供更好、效率更高的服務(wù)。
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless society” is not on the horizon — it's already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
5. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ____.
[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do
[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
[D] cash money wherever he wishes to
6. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ____.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
7. The phrase “ring up sales”（Lines 2-3, Paragraph 2）most probably means “____”.
[A] make an order of goods
[B] record sales on a cash register
[C] call the sales manager
[D] keep track of the goods in stock
8.What is this passage mainly about?
[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.
Unit 1（1994）Part2
重點(diǎn)詞匯：
deposit（v.n.存放；儲(chǔ)蓄；沉淀）即de+pos+it，de-向下，pos詞根“放”，it后綴，“放下它”。
horizon （地平線；眼界）。The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平線主要由心胸的擴(kuò)大而拓展。
processor （制造者；處理器）←process處理+or；microprocessor（微處理器）←micro+processor。
難句解析：
① They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad and they make many banking services available as well.
此句是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句，其中第一個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad，在閱讀時(shí)在此處可以適當(dāng)?shù)丶涌焖俣取?BR> 此句在理解中的難點(diǎn)是短語(yǔ)give somebody credit，此處credit應(yīng)理解為“信用額度”，在英文中credit card意味著持卡人可以有一定的透支額度。
② Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom.
這兩個(gè)短句雖然簡(jiǎn)單，但是由于其中包含有幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)，如do much more than...，ring up，electronic cash registers等，因此在閱讀中也存在一定的障礙，在我們不知道一個(gè)短語(yǔ)的確切意思的情況下，通過上下文來(lái)定位其大致意思就顯得非常重要。
electronic cash registers意為“電子收銀并記錄”；do much more than的意思是“做的不只是”；ring up的意思可以從第一個(gè)短句的結(jié)構(gòu)中推出，第一個(gè)短句的結(jié)構(gòu)為A can do much more than simply B，我們知道A和B之間只存在程度上的差異，而本質(zhì)相同，因此ring up應(yīng)該與electronic cash registers意思相同或相近，應(yīng)為“收款，記錄”的意思。
③ At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
在第一個(gè)句子中包含有兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient，而在逗號(hào)后面的是一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)修飾主句。
第一個(gè)句子中最后一個(gè)詞accordingly和第二個(gè)句子中的preferred是理解的重點(diǎn)。accordingly意為“相應(yīng)地”，而preferred是一個(gè)形容詞，不是prefer的過去分詞，意為“有優(yōu)先權(quán)的，優(yōu)先的”。
④ Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
本句中的主語(yǔ)有一個(gè)非常長(zhǎng)的修飾成分from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors，在閱讀的時(shí)候，如果我們注意到它只是在逗號(hào)之間的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分，我們就可以先跳過去抓句子的主干成分。
試題解析：
5．【正確答案】[B]
文章的第1段利用一系列的實(shí)例說(shuō)明了信用卡（credit card）給其使用者帶來(lái)的諸多方便，第2段第1句前半句總結(jié)概括了第1段的主題。
[A]原文指出，信用卡的持有者可以不受地域和時(shí)間的限制存取錢，但這并不意味著愿取多少就取多少。[C]意為：（與不持有信用卡的人相比）享受更多的信譽(yù)，這是不符合事實(shí)的，事實(shí)上，無(wú)論是持信用卡還是持現(xiàn)金，顧客在購(gòu)物時(shí)都享有同等的信譽(yù)。[D]意為：想在哪個(gè)地方兌換現(xiàn)金都可以。這也說(shuō)得有些空泛，如：由一個(gè)銀行發(fā)放的信用卡未必適用于另一個(gè)銀行及其分行。
6．【正確答案】[C]
原文第1段第4句指出：對(duì)許多美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，“無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)”已經(jīng)來(lái)到，而不是將要來(lái)到（on the horizon）。
[A]原句未指出是否所有美國(guó)人將都會(huì)使用信用卡。[B]這一選擇顯然是不正確的，信用卡的使用并非主要限于美國(guó)。[D]本文并未指出以前信用卡的使用不方便，因此，我們也無(wú)法作出任何比較。原句也沒這方面的含意。
7．【正確答案】[B]
“register”意為：記數(shù)器，記錄器。原句中ring up意為：將……記錄在記數(shù)器內(nèi)，sales意為：銷售額。同一段后文指出：除了記錄銷售額以外，計(jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上還有更廣泛的用途，而記錄銷售額是電子收款機(jī)最基本的功能。
[A]、[C]都不正確。[D]意為：跟蹤記錄現(xiàn)存貨物。
8．【正確答案】[B]
本文的主旨陳述在最后一段，電子收款機(jī)與信用卡使用都是計(jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上應(yīng)用的實(shí)例，本文旨在指出計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給使用者帶來(lái)的諸多方便。
[A]本文不再去說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)如何在商業(yè)上使用而主要談?wù)撚?jì)算機(jī)在商業(yè)上的應(yīng)用所帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。[C]意為：商業(yè)自動(dòng)化的意義。本文的著眼點(diǎn)不在“意義”上，而更重在說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給生產(chǎn)者與消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的諸多方便。[D]文章的第1段列舉了信用卡的使用給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的好處，但這并不是文章的主旨，作者僅僅是想通過信用卡這一例子來(lái)說(shuō)明計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的諸多方便這一主旨。
全文翻譯：
1.3億美國(guó)人的手中至少持有一家銀行發(fā)行的信用卡。信用卡持有者可在商店、飯店、賓館，在當(dāng)?shù)?、外地甚至?guó)外賒購(gòu)貨物，同時(shí)信用卡還可以使他們得到銀行提供的許多服務(wù)。越來(lái)越多的信用卡可以自動(dòng)讀取，于是持卡人就可以在不同地方存取，不管本地支行是否營(yíng)業(yè)。對(duì)于我們很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，“無(wú)現(xiàn)鈔的社會(huì)”不是即將來(lái)臨，而是已經(jīng)到來(lái)。
計(jì)算機(jī)為消費(fèi)者提供諸多方便的同時(shí)，也給商家?guī)?lái)很多優(yōu)勢(shì)。電子收銀機(jī)能做的遠(yuǎn)不止記錄銷售額，它們可進(jìn)行各種各樣的記錄，包括誰(shuí)賣了什么，何時(shí)賣的，賣給誰(shuí)了。這些信息通過顯示銷售商品的種類和銷售速度，使商家能夠跟蹤和記錄它們的商品清單，然后做出決定是再定貨還是把商品退給供應(yīng)商。同時(shí)這些計(jì)算機(jī)記錄哪些時(shí)間段是高峰，哪些員工率，進(jìn)而就能對(duì)人員分配進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。此外，他們還確定理想的顧客群進(jìn)行促銷活動(dòng)。基于同樣的原因，生產(chǎn)商們也依賴計(jì)算機(jī)。計(jì)算機(jī)分析的營(yíng)銷報(bào)告能有助于決定目前應(yīng)重點(diǎn)生產(chǎn)哪些商品，將來(lái)開發(fā)哪些產(chǎn)品，哪些應(yīng)停止生產(chǎn)。計(jì)算機(jī)跟蹤庫(kù)存商品，現(xiàn)有原材料甚至生產(chǎn)過程本身。
許多其他商業(yè)企業(yè)，從劇院到雜志社，從燃?xì)怆娖鞴镜脚Ｄ碳庸S都通過計(jì)算機(jī)的使用給消費(fèi)者提供更好、效率更高的服務(wù)。