作者簡(jiǎn)介：袁昊，北京新航道托福項(xiàng)目主任。美國(guó)佛羅里達(dá)國(guó)際大學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)碩士。1997年考入天津大學(xué)法學(xué)系，以優(yōu)異的成績(jī)獲得法學(xué)和科技英語(yǔ)雙學(xué)士學(xué)位。2001年以GRE近乎滿分的成績(jī)，獲得中國(guó)留學(xué)生很難得到的美國(guó)政府全額文科獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，赴美攻讀社會(huì)學(xué)碩士。2003年回國(guó)后，經(jīng)過(guò)45天的準(zhǔn)備，以突出的成績(jī)通過(guò)全國(guó)司法統(tǒng)一考試，取得律師資格?，F(xiàn)為中華人民共和國(guó)注冊(cè)執(zhí)業(yè)律師。近年來(lái)，一直活躍在英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)教學(xué)的前沿。尤其擅長(zhǎng)使用邏輯分析快速*托福閱讀，口語(yǔ)和聽力難題。地道流利的中英文雙語(yǔ)授課風(fēng)格深得廣大學(xué)生的喜愛(ài)。2004年至今，出版了多部英語(yǔ)專著，包括中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)第一部新托福真題解析-《新托福口語(yǔ)真經(jīng)》，《新托福寫作真經(jīng)》，及《游學(xué)在美國(guó)》，《生活在美國(guó)》等等。
2007年北京的夏天，一如以往的燥熱。滿街都是各種各樣的人們，為了各種各樣的目的，向著各種各樣的方向，帶著各種各樣的表情，匆匆來(lái)去。在這個(gè)城市里，有錢不是奢侈，因?yàn)橛绣X人多得像螞蟻；有名車也不是奢侈，因?yàn)樵俸玫能囈仓荒芏略诮稚?。在這座城市，在這樣一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義橫行的時(shí)代，在這樣一個(gè)每個(gè)人的臉上都寫著急功近利的年代，擁有夢(mèng)想，擁有對(duì)夢(mèng)想的堅(jiān)持，才是真正的奢侈。
我很高興我擁有這樣的奢侈，而且很多。因?yàn)槲颐刻於紩?huì)面對(duì)很多有夢(mèng)想的人，而且重要的是，他們不事聲張，他們默默耕耘，他們埋下理想，然后用耐心來(lái)灌溉。當(dāng)他們的同齡人還在為爭(zhēng)取一個(gè)留校的名額你爭(zhēng)我搶的時(shí)候，當(dāng)他們的同班同學(xué)還舉著求職簡(jiǎn)歷轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)在各場(chǎng)招聘會(huì)的時(shí)候，他們的眼光已經(jīng)延伸到了蔚藍(lán)色的大洋彼岸。他們，就是新航道的托?？忌Ｋ麄兛偸切猩掖?，他們總是用面包代替午飯，他們總是起得很早而且在搖晃的地鐵車廂里狂背托福單詞。我喜歡看到這些年輕的身影，我喜歡看到他們眼中對(duì)未來(lái)，對(duì)夢(mèng)想的渴望。
一直以來(lái)，我都很想為托福的廣大考生們寫一點(diǎn)東西，分享一下這條寄托大道上的苦樂(lè)。我一直覺(jué)得，沒(méi)有留過(guò)美的人，教托?？偸菚?huì)有些勉強(qiáng)。因?yàn)橛刑嘈穆窔v程，太多悲欣交集的生命感悟，只能在新老TOEFLER之間一代又一代的流傳。
2007年的托?？荚噲?bào)名的火爆程度不亞于春運(yùn)火車票的搶購(gòu)。七月至十月的考試名額在四月底開始放號(hào)就在四個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)被搶光。十一月到十二月的兩萬(wàn)多個(gè)考試名額在六月中旬剛剛放號(hào)又被搶光。這一點(diǎn)充分說(shuō)明了托?？荚囋谥袊?guó)考生心目中的受歡迎程度。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，新托?？荚囋谥袊?guó)大陸地區(qū)2007年度總共發(fā)放的考試名額在十萬(wàn)左右。根據(jù)現(xiàn)在托福考試在中國(guó)大陸一位難求，很多考生甚至轉(zhuǎn)考香港的情況看，實(shí)際有考托福的愿望的考生遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不只十萬(wàn)。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的是，在這十萬(wàn)大軍里，每年都會(huì)有很多很多人憑借這考試永遠(yuǎn)的改變自己的人生軌跡。也許，這就是新托?？荚嚨镊攘λ诎?。
那么，我們應(yīng)該如何備戰(zhàn)新托福呢？ 首先，我們必須要搞清楚新托福新在何處。新托福比照老托?？荚?，一是去除語(yǔ)法部分，二是增加口語(yǔ)部分，三是大幅增加聽力在整個(gè)考試中的比重。然而，這種種的變化大的受益者就是托?？忌救恕Ｒ?yàn)橹袊?guó)考生很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了把考試內(nèi)容作為主要的學(xué)習(xí)方向，而不是把考試作為檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)效果的手段。老托?？荚囂^(guò)注重對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的考查，結(jié)果是相當(dāng)一部分順利考過(guò)托福的中國(guó)考生到了美國(guó)以后，既聽不懂，又不會(huì)說(shuō)。對(duì)自己的留學(xué)生活影響很大。新托?？荚嚧蠓黾訉?duì)口語(yǔ)和聽力這樣注重交流性的語(yǔ)言技能的考查，目的也在于正確的引導(dǎo)中國(guó)考生把有限的時(shí)間和精力投入到有價(jià)值的英語(yǔ)使用中去。用意不可謂不深。
其次，面對(duì)新的托?？荚?，普通考生應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢？新的托?？荚嚢犝f(shuō)讀寫四個(gè)部分，每個(gè)部分的滿分都是30分。所以新托福得滿分是120分。除了閱讀部分以外，每個(gè)部分都對(duì)聽力進(jìn)行考查。另外，在聽說(shuō)讀寫四個(gè)部分中，對(duì)閱讀的考查貫穿始終。所以，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的是，對(duì)于大部分中國(guó)考生而言，閱讀絕對(duì)是重中之重。
閱讀之難，難在兩個(gè)方面：一是生詞量巨大，二是閱讀時(shí)間非常緊，普通考生常常無(wú)法按時(shí)做完一套題?，F(xiàn)在，我們先來(lái)談一談如何來(lái)解決第一大閱讀問(wèn)題。對(duì)于托?？荚囍猩~量超大的問(wèn)題，很多考生容易產(chǎn)生畏難情緒?；蛘哂腥死墼陆?jīng)年，在一本字典上反復(fù)下功夫，后累得吐血，但是效果卻不見得好。實(shí)際上，托?？荚囬喿x部分中出現(xiàn)的生詞絕大部分都是不需要背的。 因?yàn)?，托福考試考查的一個(gè)很重要的對(duì)象叫做“READ TO LEARN ABILITY”， 即考生通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的技能。這一技能對(duì)于即將開始全新的美國(guó)生活的外國(guó)學(xué)生而言，尤為重要。因此，ETS有意在托?？荚嚨拈喿x部分設(shè)置大量的生僻詞匯， 一方面是考查考生繞過(guò)生僻詞匯獲取信息的能力，另一方面也是考查考生通過(guò)上下文已知內(nèi)容推導(dǎo)未知信息的能力。真正對(duì)于詞匯量本身的考查，反倒并不是重要的。
另外，我們?cè)賮?lái)談一談口語(yǔ)問(wèn)題如何解決。新托?？谡Z(yǔ)考試得分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：1、詳細(xì)具體(空洞的形容詞和花哨的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不能得分)；2、詞匯量和語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象要多；3、規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)盡可能說(shuō)快一點(diǎn)，多說(shuō)一點(diǎn)，信息量大一點(diǎn)。
我深深知道，中國(guó)學(xué)生缺乏大量的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境，在僅有15至30秒的準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間內(nèi)要完美地做到以上幾點(diǎn)是基本不可能的。那么，是不是要因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)小小的口語(yǔ)考試就放棄我們?cè)诩又莸年?yáng)光下散步的權(quán)利呢？當(dāng)然不會(huì)！既然我們不能依賴于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)揮，那么就通過(guò)平時(shí)準(zhǔn)備，來(lái)大大減低現(xiàn)場(chǎng)難度要求。其核心就是——轉(zhuǎn)化原則，在充分領(lǐng)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化原則的基礎(chǔ)上，創(chuàng)建自己的模板，以精練的短句，清楚的表達(dá)為主。
獨(dú)立口語(yǔ)題*(一)
新托?？谡Z(yǔ)考試六大題型中的第一種是問(wèn)你一個(gè)你所熟悉的人、地方、東西或者事件，你需要在回答中加入具體的例子和細(xì)節(jié)。例如：
Choose a place you like and explain why you like this place.
請(qǐng)看看袁老師是怎么回答的：
Well, the place I enjoy the most is a small town located in France. I like this small town because it has a very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I like this small French town also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important of all, I have made friends with some gorgeous French girls. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
看出奧妙來(lái)了嗎？
1、這個(gè)回答里用的全部是口語(yǔ)化的短句子；
2、按照正常的語(yǔ)速念完正好是45秒；
3、出現(xiàn)了多處非常具體的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(得分點(diǎn))。
4、有景色描寫(beach)、有人物(French girls)、有事件(make friends)，有具體事物(a watch)。為何如此設(shè)計(jì)，等一下就會(huì)講到。
然后讓我們換一個(gè)題目再看看，還是用這些內(nèi)容怎么進(jìn)行回答：
題目：Choose a restaurant you like and explain why you like this restaurant.
參考答案：Well, the restaurant I enjoy the most is a French restaurant located on a beautiful beach. I like this small restaurant because it has a very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I like this small French restaurant also because it offers the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important of all, I made friends with some gorgeous French girls in that restaurant. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
在新托福口語(yǔ)考試中，本題型能夠涉及到的范圍包括事件、人物、具體事物和地方?，F(xiàn)在你是不是開始有些明白為什么袁老師的口語(yǔ)模板要包括人、地、事、物？然后我們?cè)賮?lái)做一些難度稍大的擴(kuò)展訓(xùn)練，看看轉(zhuǎn)化原則是怎么能夠幫助我們以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。
Choose an important event/ a favorite activity and give reasons explaining why this event is important/ why this activity is your favorite. 從抽象的事物轉(zhuǎn)化成具體的景色描寫
Well, one very important event in my life/my favorite activity is a little trip to France. I like this trip so much because we visited a small French town. The town has a very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I like this little trip to France also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important of all, I have made friends with some gorgeous French girls. One of them even gave me a little watch as a souvenir of our friendship.
注意一定要有兩到三句轉(zhuǎn)化句，也叫點(diǎn)題句，即在文中標(biāo)注出的句子。
擴(kuò)展訓(xùn)練：
1.Describe one object that is of special values to you and explain why it is of special values to you. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.
2.Choose a teacher you like and explain why you like him or her. Include specific details in your statement.
3.Everyone has a goal to fulfill. What’s your goal and explain why you want to fulfill this goal. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.
(在看下面的參考答案之前，請(qǐng)自己先用轉(zhuǎn)化原則處理一下上面的題目。這幾個(gè)題目是袁老師精心收集的還原真題，還原度可以達(dá)到90%以上，同學(xué)們要好好利用)
參考答案：
1.Well, the object of special values to me is a little watch. 點(diǎn)題，復(fù)述原題 I like this little watch because one of my French girlfriends gave it to me as a souvenir of our friendship. This little watch is of very special meanings to me also because it always reminds me of those days I spent in a beautiful French town located by the beach. The sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
2.Well, the teacher I admire so much is a gorgeous French lady. I admire her because she had given me a little watch as the souvenir of our friendship. I like her also because she once invited me to visit her hometown- a beautiful French small town located by the beach. That town has a very charming ocean view. I mean the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Also, she brought me to some great restaurants offering the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. I even made friends with some gorgeous French girls there.
3. Ever since I was a kid, I had a dream to travel to France. My parents told me that there is a little French town located by the beach. It has a very charming ocean view. They told me the sky there is so blue and the beach is always full of sunshine. You know how romantic it can ever be, just relax yourself on the beach, when the sun is setting down, when the ocean breeze is blowing and the seabirds are singing.
Of course I want to travel to this small French town also because there are many great French restaurants. They offer the best seafood in the world like lobsters and tuna fishes. The most important of all, there is a good chance to make friends with some gorgeous French girls there.
同學(xué)們請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)記一點(diǎn)，袁老師提供的這個(gè)模板只是給大家一個(gè)參考思路，每個(gè)人都要根據(jù)自己的具體情況變換模板中的內(nèi)容，并固定成自己的語(yǔ)言，在地點(diǎn)、事件、人物、物品四個(gè)方面多做轉(zhuǎn)化練習(xí)。如果只是一味的機(jī)械照搬，只能產(chǎn)生一種戲劇化的結(jié)果：ETS的老頭子們會(huì)驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)所有的中國(guó)女孩都愛(ài)美麗的法國(guó)女郎；所有的中國(guó)男孩子一輩子的夢(mèng)想就是到法國(guó)鄉(xiāng)下的小酒館里等人送手表！