第一部分 寫作授課要點(diǎn)
短文寫作總分20分。短文寫作部分要求考生寫出一篇80字左右的短文。題材以記敘文為主，試卷可能給出題目或規(guī)定情景或段首句。
短文寫作的要求為：能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語言錯誤。
寫作內(nèi)容涉及生活，一般常識和私人信件。
短文寫作中的題目我們也可以稱作命題寫作。
情景寫作也就是便條寫作。
段首句式的寫作可以稱為主題句式的寫作。
一、英語寫作訓(xùn)練的要點(diǎn)
英語寫作重要的一點(diǎn)是用英語思維進(jìn)行寫作。
通?。毫?xí)慣于先把作文翻譯成漢語，然后逐字翻譯成英語。
在理解和使用英語詞匯時，要注意英語和漢語在意義上的不同。
中文：我得努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不我就要落后了。
錯譯：I should study hard， otherwise I would be backward.
正譯：I should study hard， otherwise I would lag behind.
說明：“backward”是形容詞，意為落后的，向后的或緩慢的，(表示性質(zhì));“l(fā)ag behind”是動詞詞組，意為落后，落在后面(表示動作或行為)。
中文：你不要學(xué)我樣，你身體沒有我好。(指：情況不一樣。)
錯譯：Never learn from me，since you are not so strong as I am.
正譯：Don't follow my example， since you are not so strong as I am.
說明：“Learn from sb.”指“向某人學(xué)習(xí)”，并不是“照我一樣做”的意思。
中文：由于時間關(guān)系，我就到此為止。
錯譯：Due to the time， I should stop here.
正譯：As time is up (or： limited)， I am afraid I have to stop here.
說明：“due to…”是“由于……之故”而導(dǎo)致某種結(jié)果的意思，本句用due to 不合邏輯。
accept和receive， permit和promise， call one's name和call one by name.
accept 收到(接受)
receive 收到(不一定接受)
permit 允許別人做某事
promise 允許為別人做某事
call one's name 罵某人
call one by name 叫某人的姓名
所以我們在從事英語寫作訓(xùn)練的時候：
1.要明確英語寫作的意義。
2.要學(xué)習(xí)和掌握必要的寫作理論。
3.要通過大量的閱讀，新概念第二冊比較適合。
二、如何限題和寫提綱
定題：選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目。
命題：“Teaching”
過于籠統(tǒng)：Teaching
仍較廣泛：Teaching Number Concept
范圍縮?。篢eaching Number Concept to Children
范圍明確：Teaching Number Concept to Children at Five
命題“Child Behaviour”
過于籠統(tǒng)：Child Behaviour
仍較廣泛：How Children Play Together
范圍縮小：How Girls Play Together
范圍明確：Patterns of Play Among Primary School Girl Students
寫提綱的好處：1. 可以擴(kuò)大思路
2. 可以按次序排好素材
3. 將文章分成段
4. 明確寫作的中心思想
“The Advantages of Travel (旅行的益處。)”
根據(jù)這一題目，在構(gòu)思時可能會想到以下內(nèi)容：
1.seeing strange and different things (看到各種奇異的東西)
2.meeting people with different interests (遇到有各種不同興趣的人)
3.keeping us fit and healthy (有助于身體健康)
4.enjoying beautiful scenery (欣賞各地美景)
5.understanding how people live (了解人們怎樣生活)
6.visiting famous cities and scenic spots (瀏覽名城和名勝)
7.tasting different foods and local flavours (品嘗各地風(fēng)味)
8.getting ideas of the conditions and customs of other people (了解各地風(fēng)土人情)
9.arousing the fervent love for our motherland (激起對祖國的熱愛)
10.gaining knowledge of geography and history (獲得地理歷史知識)
11.making one less narrow minded (使人心胸開闊)
12.gaining other knowledge (獲得其他方面知識)
13.seeing places read of in books (目睹曾在書上讀到過的地方)
I. enjoy places of interest
a. enjoy beautiful scenery in different places (4)
b. see places read of in books (13)
c. visit famous cities and scenic spots (6)
II. know people and their customs
a.meet people with different interest (2)
b.see strange and different things (1)
c.get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people (8)
d.taste different foods and local flavours (7)
e.understand how people live in different ways (5)
III. benefit us both mentally and physically
a.gain knowledge of geography and history (10)
b.gain other knowledge (12)
c.arouse the fervent love for our motherland (9)
d.keep us healthy (3)
e.make one less narrow minded (11)
The Advantages of Travel
Travel is beneficial to us in at least three ways.
First， by traveling we can enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places. We will see with our own eyes many places read of in books， and visit some famous cities and scenic spots.
Second， we will meet people with different interests and see strange and different things when we travel. We can get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people， taste different foods and local flavours if we like. In this way， we can understand how differently other people live.
Third， travel will not only help us to gain knowledge of geography and history and other knowledge， which arouses the fervent love for our motherland， but will also help us keep healthy and make us less narrow-minded. Travel does benefit us both mentally and physically.
With all these advantages of travel， it is no wonder that travel has now become more popular than ever in China.
在寫100字左右的作文，我們也強(qiáng)調(diào)三段論。第一句話或第一段我們強(qiáng)調(diào)我們要寫的內(nèi)容，第二段找一些例子闡述一下。第三段再次把我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容引申的說一下。
三、文章的三個部分
引言 introduction
正文 body
結(jié)束語 conclusion
引言 introduction
1. When you are waiting in front of a theatre or at the train terminals， you will realize how important punctuality is. Punctuality is really a virtue， especially in a busy city like Shanghai. Perhaps if everybody were punctual， there would be less suffering and sorrow.
正文 body
2. Punctuality is the main constituent of good character. A person， who is always in time for his appointment， shows real consideration for others. On the other hand， a person who is always late shows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy to be friend with.
constituent 構(gòu)成
selfishness 自私
3. Some people often say that they cannot always be punctual since traffic is so heavy these days. I think traffic congestion cannot be an excuse for being late. As everybody knows that we might meet an unexpected congestion on the roads， we should leave a bit earlier for the appointment to ensure that we would not be late.
traffic congestion 交通堵塞
4. Some people always have a lot of excuses for coming late. When they finally arrive， they keep on saying sorry to their friends and then explain. The excuse is not always traffic congestion， sometimes they complain that they have met a friend on the road or have helped a blind man to cross the road. Some also like to blame their watches， the clocks at home or in the office. To such people， we cannot help but say sorry that we have come too early.
keep on doing sth. 一直做某事
5. Yet after all such smart fellows will soon find that gradually their friends become fewer and fewer. Perhaps at that time， they would realize how important punctuality is.
結(jié)束語 conclusion
6. To be or not to be punctual is a habit. So when we are young， we should try to be punctual every time and never be late for it is much more easily acquired in youth than when we are older.
The person I shall never forget
The person I shall never forget is Qingfengxiang. She is the best friend in my life.
She often listens to me when my mood is bad. Moreover， she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes， she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
I will never forget her help even though I already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important person during my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改后
I will never forget her help even though I have already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important persons in my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改后
She often listens to me when I'm in a bad mood. Moreover， she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes， she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
Why We Learn English
English is an international language now. Everyone needs to know English.
When we will visit a great number of different places in the word， we need to talk about local person with English. We are interesting in books， otherwise nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English. We in order to go through ones， so we should have a good command of English.
We should try our best to learn the English language well.
修改后
When we visit a great number of different places in the world， we need to talk about a local person in English. Nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English， so if we are interested in books， we should have a good command of English.
修改后
We should try our best to learn English well.
專升本英語作文考試中，語法一定要簡明扼要，而且要正確。
四、如何開端和結(jié)尾
文章開端的常見寫法
1. 背景法：說明事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、情景等背景。如：
I was once spending the month of 1982 in a small seaside village in the south of China. It is a wonderful place quiet and not fashionable. People usually do not go there.
2. 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關(guān)人物。如：
Once upon a time there was an honest old fellow named Hans. He had a kind heart and a funny， round， good humoured face. He lived in a tiny cottage all alone， and every day he worked in his garden.
alone 獨(dú)自一人
lonely 孤獨(dú)的
3. 主題句法：提出一個觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題。如：
One of the most notable phases of the industrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities ——the shifting of population from rural districts to the urban centers.
rural 鄉(xiāng)村的unban 城市的
4. 問題法：用提出問題的方法來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以吸引讀者的注意力。如：
What is the nature of the scientific attitude， the attitude of the man who studies and applies physics， chemistry， medicine， engineering or any other science?
5. 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。如：
A 39-storeyed building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.
6. 故事法：以講述一段故事作為引子，在此基礎(chǔ)上展開故事情節(jié)。如：
I was spending the night in my aunt's villa one summer. That night， being on a strange bed and feeling excited prevented me from sleeping. I slipped out of bed and went to the bathroom. Suddenly， a strange noise coming from behind made me spin around.
villa 別墅
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
spin around 使人頭暈?zāi)垦?BR> 7. 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)證實(shí)的某些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字來引起話題。如：
The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising， especially when compared with the American percentage of over 30%
8. 引語法：摘錄或引用某些名人的名言或常見的習(xí)語、諺語，作為文章的開端。如：
Happiness is very important to our life. Shakespeare said， “One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result.”
be important to
9. 定義法：常見于對標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過舉例，邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說明。如：
A true good student is one who possesses good morality， sound health， perfect knowledge and various abilities.
morality 道德品質(zhì)
sound adj.健康的
對于不到100字的短文，我們通常用人物交代法、主題句法等。
文章結(jié)尾的常見寫法
1. 簡要評價或作結(jié)論：文章后用幾句話概括全文內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點(diǎn)。如：
In short， we can say that science to human beings is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bondage of Nature. Science itself is innocent， but sometimes man has misused it.
in short 簡而言之
2. 重復(fù)主題句：回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如：
With the foregoing three points in mind， one may be a true good student.
3. 用反問結(jié)尾：雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，具有明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者思考。如：
If there were no homework on weekends， students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Teachers， don't you agree?
4. 含蓄句：用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明或?qū)懨髯髡叩目捶?，而讓讀者自己去意會和思考。如;
Do you really think that Beijing is the liveliest city in China? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.
5. 提出展望或期望：表示對將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動。如：
Now we can say that in the last quarter of the 20th century， society will probably have its greatest change.
6. 引語句：用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總結(jié)全文。如：
Later riser may find it very difficult to cultivate the habit of early rising. They ought to make a special effort to do so. As the English proverb says， “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”
cultivate vt.培養(yǎng)， 耕作
在專升本100字以內(nèi)的作文中，常用的是重復(fù)主題句、簡單評價或者做總結(jié)。
描寫文思考題：
1. My Grandfather/Grandmother
Have you a grandfather or a grandmother? Have you two grandfathers or grandmothers? Who is your favourite grandparent? What does he/she look like? How old is he/she? What work does he/she do? Has he/she retired? If so， what work used he/she to do? Where does he/she live? Does anybody look after him/her? How often do you see him/her? What does he/she do most days?
2. Friends
Have you any friends? What are their names? Why do you like them? About how old are they? Where do they live? What work do they do? When do you meet them? What things do you and they do together?
3. My Neighbours
Do you know your neighbours well? Are any of them of about your own age? Are any of them friends of yours? What work do they do? Are any of them especially interesting? When do you see them? When do you meet them? What do you and they do together?
My Grandmother
原文：
My grandmother is a kind and honest woman. She is always very friendly， so everyone likes her.
My grandmother is 76 years old， but she looks younger. She lives in Hunan. She worked as a worker in a factory. She was diligent and liked her job very much. But now， she always stays at home and watches TV. We worry about her health， (Because) my family living closely， so we often take her to go for walks.
I hope to see her very soon. I miss her very much.
Friends
原文：
I have many friends. I usually telephone or write to them. Friends may make me happy. They reminds me of the wonderful time we (have) played before. The friendship (is) like sunshine in my life.
Today we have the one-child policy in (China) china. (Children) Child maybe feel(s) lonely at home. As a boy's mother， I am thinking the way to help him to make more friends. I get to find (that) some mothers of his kindergarten have the same idea. So we (organize) are organized together. We often take our children to the park and they play freely. We swim in summer and skate in winter.
I have found a new idea recently. I (have) invited one of them to my home on weekend(s)， (they) just (play) like brothers in a family. The children (have) played well and happily. Sometimes they quarrel (with) to each other of course. That's also a way (of) making them get to know how to get together with others.
Have fun! The more friends you make(，) the more happiness you would have!
remind sb. of sth.
My Neighbors
原文：
Living in a tall building(，)。 I have many neighbors. Now， I want to tell you about my neighbors who live with me in the same (storey) story.
On the right side is the Yang's and on the left is the Liu's. They all have a daughter and they all like dogs. Several years ago， they usually talked about their daughters. Such as how fast their daughters (grew) grow up and so on. Now their daughters have grown up to be young ladies. So they change to feed dogs. Every evening I meet them (lead) leading the dog in our stairs and say “Hello” to them. As soon as they come out of the gate something is changed. To my surprise， it's the dogs that leading them to have the walk! The dogs are running fast ahead and they are chasing after (them) it. They tell me that they are doing their evening exercises!
My son likes dogs too. He always visits the Yong's and plays with the dog Baobao (the dog's name)。 They make good friends. Baobao always barks at strangers but never at my son.
“Neighbors (are) even closer than far relatives!” I am so happy that I am getting along well with my neighbors.
bark at sb. 向某人喊叫
五、如何寫正文——段落中的主題句
主題句(topic sentence)在段落中的位置和表示法
1. 主題句寫在段落的開端，后面的支持句為主題句提供論證或細(xì)節(jié)，初學(xué)者以使
用此法為宜。如：
Americans make no distinction in greeting friends， acquaintances， elders， or superiors. When Americans see someone they know only by sight， they are likely to say “Hi” in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintances. It only means that “Hi” serves as greeting for both.
superior 上級，長者
2. 主題句寫在段落末了，前面都是提供細(xì)節(jié)的支持句，內(nèi)容逐漸收攏，后用一
句總結(jié)的主題句加以概括。
Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still， the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for other. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.
3. 主題句寫在段落的開端和寫在末了。主題句先在段首出現(xiàn)，在段末又重復(fù)一遍，
這種在首尾兩處出現(xiàn)主題句的寫法，具有強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出中心思想的作用。如：
Good manners are important in all countries， but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.
be different form 和……是不同的
bow [ bau ]n.弓， 樂弓， 弓形， 鞠躬， 船首v.鞠躬， 彎腰
On the surface， it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan， and in a way this is true. But in any country， the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.
in a way=in one way=in some ways 在某種程度上
eg. The changes are an improvement in one way.
Good manners are important in all countries， but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country.
It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.
4. 主題句寫在段落中間或其它地方。此時，要根據(jù)上下文的意思才能確定該段落
中體現(xiàn)中心思想的句子。如：
Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.
abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物
Abide( abided， abided)
1) 用于否定句或疑問句中與can， could 連用;容忍、忍受、忍耐
eg. I can't abide that man. 我對那個人忍無可忍。
How could you abide such conditions? 這種環(huán)境你怎么受得了呢?
2) abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物
abide by an agreement 履行協(xié)議
3) (abode， abode) 逗留，延續(xù)，居留
abide at a place 住在某地;abide with sb. 和某人同住。
mobility 流動性
make an impression on sth.(sb.) 給某人很深的印象
5. 有時，主題句沒有明顯地表示出來，而用一種含蓄的方法加以表示。這時需要
讀者對整段意思加以領(lǐng)會，然后自己歸納出一句能體現(xiàn)全段中心思想的主題句來。
如：
First you must wait for a sunny day. Remember that the rays of the sun are most direct between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. This is the time when you will tan the quickest. At the right time and on the right day， pick an open spot outdoors and lay out a large towel or beach mat. You want to bring along several things： suntan oil， a portable radio， a book or magazine， sunglasses， a pillow. It is a good idea not to stay in the sun too long at first.
Begin with a half hour， and then gradually increase the time you spend in the sun. Certain parts of your body will burn more quickly than others. These include the backs of your knees， the insides of your elbows， your shoulders， and your nose. Be sure to cover these spots with suntan oil when you first go outside. Cover them again with oil after you have been out in the sun for a while.
(可能的含蓄主題句：Taking a sunbath calls for careful planning. 或It calls for careful planning to take a sunbath.)
寫好主題句的三條原則
1. 要能說明段落中心思想的內(nèi)容。
2. 要有能體現(xiàn)中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞。
3. 盡量使用簡潔明了的句子。
句1：In the United States， the system of forced labor， which was known as slavery lasted almost 250 years.
句2：In the United States， the system of forced labor lasted almost 250 years.
句3：Slavery lasted almost 250 years in the United States.
句4：Pride and Prejudice was a book which in my opinion I enjoyed reading very much. (復(fù)雜又冗長)
句5：I enjoyed reading Pride and Prejudice very much. (直接又清晰)
enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
My Favourite Character in Fiction
Do you read a lot of fiction? Do you enjoy it? What type of fiction do you like best? Who is your favourite author? Who is your favourite character in fiction? Why do you like him/her so much? What sorts of things does he/she do?
My Favourite School Subject
What subjects do you study at school? Which of them do you dislike? Which do you like? Which is your favourite among these? Who teaches you this subject? How long have you been studying it? What sort of marks or grades do you get for it? Why is it your favourite subject?
Sports
What kind of sports do you like? What's the reason? When do you do exercises?
My Favorite Character in Fiction
原文：
I often read short (stories) fiction to my son. “Heidi” is my favorite one. (It tells me a lot) more besides the fiction itself.
Heidi is a very cute and childlike girl. She was brought to her grandfather (and) lived in a small village in Switzerland when her aunt had to work in a wealthy family. Heidi liked the wonderful nature there and she was always caring about people. She brought happiness to her grandfather. This made her grandfather changed. He began to help and acre about others instead of having been called a (stubborn) miserable old man (before) by people before.
In the end Heidi went to the wealthy family her aunt worked in. She was asked to be as a companion with Clara (a girl (sitting) with (in a) wheelchair and couldn't go to school)。 They made friends. Heidi helped Clara get stronger and stronger(。) (In the end she) even could walk!
From this (novel) fiction I get to find what the most important thing is in my life： Live (actively) in an active way and smile every day， care more about others and you can make the world turnfrom (sadness to happiness) sad to glad. Do you agree with me?
My Favorite School Subject
原文：
I (study) studied -the secretary at school. There (are) were about twenty-eight subjects -need to study in five terms. They (are mainly) were principle in secretary， writing of official document(s)， English， psychology， logic and so on. I liked to study all of the subjects but English is my favorite among these. Mr. Yang (teaches) taught us this subject. He is very humorous and has (a) profound knowledge and extensive learning. We all (like) liked to listen to his lecture(s)。 I have been studying English about two years and I (find studying English) found study it is more and more interesting.
Sports
原文：
I like sport(s)。 My favorite sport(s) (are) is badminton and swimming. I don't like running.
I always play badminton on Sundays. Badminton is an interesting sport. I think who play badminton often can get cleverer and fitter than who does not. I am not good at swimming. But I (often) go -to swimming -often， especially in winter. Keeping fit is popular in this modern age. I think -the sport is the best way (to keep fit) for keeping fit. Running is a good sport， someone likes it. But I don't like (it)。 I think it's so boring.
-The spring is coming. Let us -to do sport.
短文寫作總分20分。短文寫作部分要求考生寫出一篇80字左右的短文。題材以記敘文為主，試卷可能給出題目或規(guī)定情景或段首句。
短文寫作的要求為：能夠正確表達(dá)思想，意義連貫，無重大語言錯誤。
寫作內(nèi)容涉及生活，一般常識和私人信件。
短文寫作中的題目我們也可以稱作命題寫作。
情景寫作也就是便條寫作。
段首句式的寫作可以稱為主題句式的寫作。
一、英語寫作訓(xùn)練的要點(diǎn)
英語寫作重要的一點(diǎn)是用英語思維進(jìn)行寫作。
通?。毫?xí)慣于先把作文翻譯成漢語，然后逐字翻譯成英語。
在理解和使用英語詞匯時，要注意英語和漢語在意義上的不同。
中文：我得努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不我就要落后了。
錯譯：I should study hard， otherwise I would be backward.
正譯：I should study hard， otherwise I would lag behind.
說明：“backward”是形容詞，意為落后的，向后的或緩慢的，(表示性質(zhì));“l(fā)ag behind”是動詞詞組，意為落后，落在后面(表示動作或行為)。
中文：你不要學(xué)我樣，你身體沒有我好。(指：情況不一樣。)
錯譯：Never learn from me，since you are not so strong as I am.
正譯：Don't follow my example， since you are not so strong as I am.
說明：“Learn from sb.”指“向某人學(xué)習(xí)”，并不是“照我一樣做”的意思。
中文：由于時間關(guān)系，我就到此為止。
錯譯：Due to the time， I should stop here.
正譯：As time is up (or： limited)， I am afraid I have to stop here.
說明：“due to…”是“由于……之故”而導(dǎo)致某種結(jié)果的意思，本句用due to 不合邏輯。
accept和receive， permit和promise， call one's name和call one by name.
accept 收到(接受)
receive 收到(不一定接受)
permit 允許別人做某事
promise 允許為別人做某事
call one's name 罵某人
call one by name 叫某人的姓名
所以我們在從事英語寫作訓(xùn)練的時候：
1.要明確英語寫作的意義。
2.要學(xué)習(xí)和掌握必要的寫作理論。
3.要通過大量的閱讀，新概念第二冊比較適合。
二、如何限題和寫提綱
定題：選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)念}目。
命題：“Teaching”
過于籠統(tǒng)：Teaching
仍較廣泛：Teaching Number Concept
范圍縮?。篢eaching Number Concept to Children
范圍明確：Teaching Number Concept to Children at Five
命題“Child Behaviour”
過于籠統(tǒng)：Child Behaviour
仍較廣泛：How Children Play Together
范圍縮小：How Girls Play Together
范圍明確：Patterns of Play Among Primary School Girl Students
寫提綱的好處：1. 可以擴(kuò)大思路
2. 可以按次序排好素材
3. 將文章分成段
4. 明確寫作的中心思想
“The Advantages of Travel (旅行的益處。)”
根據(jù)這一題目，在構(gòu)思時可能會想到以下內(nèi)容：
1.seeing strange and different things (看到各種奇異的東西)
2.meeting people with different interests (遇到有各種不同興趣的人)
3.keeping us fit and healthy (有助于身體健康)
4.enjoying beautiful scenery (欣賞各地美景)
5.understanding how people live (了解人們怎樣生活)
6.visiting famous cities and scenic spots (瀏覽名城和名勝)
7.tasting different foods and local flavours (品嘗各地風(fēng)味)
8.getting ideas of the conditions and customs of other people (了解各地風(fēng)土人情)
9.arousing the fervent love for our motherland (激起對祖國的熱愛)
10.gaining knowledge of geography and history (獲得地理歷史知識)
11.making one less narrow minded (使人心胸開闊)
12.gaining other knowledge (獲得其他方面知識)
13.seeing places read of in books (目睹曾在書上讀到過的地方)
I. enjoy places of interest
a. enjoy beautiful scenery in different places (4)
b. see places read of in books (13)
c. visit famous cities and scenic spots (6)
II. know people and their customs
a.meet people with different interest (2)
b.see strange and different things (1)
c.get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people (8)
d.taste different foods and local flavours (7)
e.understand how people live in different ways (5)
III. benefit us both mentally and physically
a.gain knowledge of geography and history (10)
b.gain other knowledge (12)
c.arouse the fervent love for our motherland (9)
d.keep us healthy (3)
e.make one less narrow minded (11)
The Advantages of Travel
Travel is beneficial to us in at least three ways.
First， by traveling we can enjoy the beautiful scenery in different places. We will see with our own eyes many places read of in books， and visit some famous cities and scenic spots.
Second， we will meet people with different interests and see strange and different things when we travel. We can get ideas of the conditions and customs of other people， taste different foods and local flavours if we like. In this way， we can understand how differently other people live.
Third， travel will not only help us to gain knowledge of geography and history and other knowledge， which arouses the fervent love for our motherland， but will also help us keep healthy and make us less narrow-minded. Travel does benefit us both mentally and physically.
With all these advantages of travel， it is no wonder that travel has now become more popular than ever in China.
在寫100字左右的作文，我們也強(qiáng)調(diào)三段論。第一句話或第一段我們強(qiáng)調(diào)我們要寫的內(nèi)容，第二段找一些例子闡述一下。第三段再次把我們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容引申的說一下。
三、文章的三個部分
引言 introduction
正文 body
結(jié)束語 conclusion
引言 introduction
1. When you are waiting in front of a theatre or at the train terminals， you will realize how important punctuality is. Punctuality is really a virtue， especially in a busy city like Shanghai. Perhaps if everybody were punctual， there would be less suffering and sorrow.
正文 body
2. Punctuality is the main constituent of good character. A person， who is always in time for his appointment， shows real consideration for others. On the other hand， a person who is always late shows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy to be friend with.
constituent 構(gòu)成
selfishness 自私
3. Some people often say that they cannot always be punctual since traffic is so heavy these days. I think traffic congestion cannot be an excuse for being late. As everybody knows that we might meet an unexpected congestion on the roads， we should leave a bit earlier for the appointment to ensure that we would not be late.
traffic congestion 交通堵塞
4. Some people always have a lot of excuses for coming late. When they finally arrive， they keep on saying sorry to their friends and then explain. The excuse is not always traffic congestion， sometimes they complain that they have met a friend on the road or have helped a blind man to cross the road. Some also like to blame their watches， the clocks at home or in the office. To such people， we cannot help but say sorry that we have come too early.
keep on doing sth. 一直做某事
5. Yet after all such smart fellows will soon find that gradually their friends become fewer and fewer. Perhaps at that time， they would realize how important punctuality is.
結(jié)束語 conclusion
6. To be or not to be punctual is a habit. So when we are young， we should try to be punctual every time and never be late for it is much more easily acquired in youth than when we are older.
The person I shall never forget
The person I shall never forget is Qingfengxiang. She is the best friend in my life.
She often listens to me when my mood is bad. Moreover， she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes， she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
I will never forget her help even though I already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important person during my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改后
I will never forget her help even though I have already left Wuhan city. I think that she will be one of the most important persons in my life. I hope that the friendship of us will keep forever.
修改后
She often listens to me when I'm in a bad mood. Moreover， she usually gives me some advices if I need help. Sometimes， she lends money to me if I want to buy some new clothes.
Why We Learn English
English is an international language now. Everyone needs to know English.
When we will visit a great number of different places in the word， we need to talk about local person with English. We are interesting in books， otherwise nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English. We in order to go through ones， so we should have a good command of English.
We should try our best to learn the English language well.
修改后
When we visit a great number of different places in the world， we need to talk about a local person in English. Nowadays many of the valuable books are written in English or translated into English， so if we are interested in books， we should have a good command of English.
修改后
We should try our best to learn English well.
專升本英語作文考試中，語法一定要簡明扼要，而且要正確。
四、如何開端和結(jié)尾
文章開端的常見寫法
1. 背景法：說明事件發(fā)生的時間、地點(diǎn)、情景等背景。如：
I was once spending the month of 1982 in a small seaside village in the south of China. It is a wonderful place quiet and not fashionable. People usually do not go there.
2. 人物法：交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有關(guān)人物。如：
Once upon a time there was an honest old fellow named Hans. He had a kind heart and a funny， round， good humoured face. He lived in a tiny cottage all alone， and every day he worked in his garden.
alone 獨(dú)自一人
lonely 孤獨(dú)的
3. 主題句法：提出一個觀點(diǎn)或論據(jù)作為文章要闡明和論述的主題。如：
One of the most notable phases of the industrial revolution was the rapid growth of cities ——the shifting of population from rural districts to the urban centers.
rural 鄉(xiāng)村的unban 城市的
4. 問題法：用提出問題的方法來引出文章的內(nèi)容，以吸引讀者的注意力。如：
What is the nature of the scientific attitude， the attitude of the man who studies and applies physics， chemistry， medicine， engineering or any other science?
5. 驚語法：用令人感到驚奇的句子開頭，激起讀者的興趣。如：
A 39-storeyed building in construction collapsed in the city yesterday.
6. 故事法：以講述一段故事作為引子，在此基礎(chǔ)上展開故事情節(jié)。如：
I was spending the night in my aunt's villa one summer. That night， being on a strange bed and feeling excited prevented me from sleeping. I slipped out of bed and went to the bathroom. Suddenly， a strange noise coming from behind made me spin around.
villa 別墅
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
spin around 使人頭暈?zāi)垦?BR> 7. 數(shù)據(jù)法：引用已經(jīng)證實(shí)的某些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字來引起話題。如：
The fact that less than 5% of the British population graduate from universities may seem surprising， especially when compared with the American percentage of over 30%
8. 引語法：摘錄或引用某些名人的名言或常見的習(xí)語、諺語，作為文章的開端。如：
Happiness is very important to our life. Shakespeare said， “One who is unhappy can never get a beneficial result.”
be important to
9. 定義法：常見于對標(biāo)題下定義，然后通過舉例，邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說明。如：
A true good student is one who possesses good morality， sound health， perfect knowledge and various abilities.
morality 道德品質(zhì)
sound adj.健康的
對于不到100字的短文，我們通常用人物交代法、主題句法等。
文章結(jié)尾的常見寫法
1. 簡要評價或作結(jié)論：文章后用幾句話概括全文內(nèi)容，并進(jìn)一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的觀點(diǎn)。如：
In short， we can say that science to human beings is like food to our bodies. Science frees us from the bondage of Nature. Science itself is innocent， but sometimes man has misused it.
in short 簡而言之
2. 重復(fù)主題句：回到文章開頭闡明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到再次肯定和強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。如：
With the foregoing three points in mind， one may be a true good student.
3. 用反問結(jié)尾：雖然形式是問句，但意義卻是肯定的，具有明顯的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，引起讀者思考。如：
If there were no homework on weekends， students would come to school on Monday well refreshed and willing to work. Teachers， don't you agree?
4. 含蓄句：用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接點(diǎn)明或?qū)懨髯髡叩目捶?，而讓讀者自己去意會和思考。如;
Do you really think that Beijing is the liveliest city in China? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.
5. 提出展望或期望：表示對將來的展望或期待讀者投入行動。如：
Now we can say that in the last quarter of the 20th century， society will probably have its greatest change.
6. 引語句：用格言、諺語或習(xí)語總結(jié)全文。如：
Later riser may find it very difficult to cultivate the habit of early rising. They ought to make a special effort to do so. As the English proverb says， “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”
cultivate vt.培養(yǎng)， 耕作
在專升本100字以內(nèi)的作文中，常用的是重復(fù)主題句、簡單評價或者做總結(jié)。
描寫文思考題：
1. My Grandfather/Grandmother
Have you a grandfather or a grandmother? Have you two grandfathers or grandmothers? Who is your favourite grandparent? What does he/she look like? How old is he/she? What work does he/she do? Has he/she retired? If so， what work used he/she to do? Where does he/she live? Does anybody look after him/her? How often do you see him/her? What does he/she do most days?
2. Friends
Have you any friends? What are their names? Why do you like them? About how old are they? Where do they live? What work do they do? When do you meet them? What things do you and they do together?
3. My Neighbours
Do you know your neighbours well? Are any of them of about your own age? Are any of them friends of yours? What work do they do? Are any of them especially interesting? When do you see them? When do you meet them? What do you and they do together?
My Grandmother
原文：
My grandmother is a kind and honest woman. She is always very friendly， so everyone likes her.
My grandmother is 76 years old， but she looks younger. She lives in Hunan. She worked as a worker in a factory. She was diligent and liked her job very much. But now， she always stays at home and watches TV. We worry about her health， (Because) my family living closely， so we often take her to go for walks.
I hope to see her very soon. I miss her very much.
Friends
原文：
I have many friends. I usually telephone or write to them. Friends may make me happy. They reminds me of the wonderful time we (have) played before. The friendship (is) like sunshine in my life.
Today we have the one-child policy in (China) china. (Children) Child maybe feel(s) lonely at home. As a boy's mother， I am thinking the way to help him to make more friends. I get to find (that) some mothers of his kindergarten have the same idea. So we (organize) are organized together. We often take our children to the park and they play freely. We swim in summer and skate in winter.
I have found a new idea recently. I (have) invited one of them to my home on weekend(s)， (they) just (play) like brothers in a family. The children (have) played well and happily. Sometimes they quarrel (with) to each other of course. That's also a way (of) making them get to know how to get together with others.
Have fun! The more friends you make(，) the more happiness you would have!
remind sb. of sth.
My Neighbors
原文：
Living in a tall building(，)。 I have many neighbors. Now， I want to tell you about my neighbors who live with me in the same (storey) story.
On the right side is the Yang's and on the left is the Liu's. They all have a daughter and they all like dogs. Several years ago， they usually talked about their daughters. Such as how fast their daughters (grew) grow up and so on. Now their daughters have grown up to be young ladies. So they change to feed dogs. Every evening I meet them (lead) leading the dog in our stairs and say “Hello” to them. As soon as they come out of the gate something is changed. To my surprise， it's the dogs that leading them to have the walk! The dogs are running fast ahead and they are chasing after (them) it. They tell me that they are doing their evening exercises!
My son likes dogs too. He always visits the Yong's and plays with the dog Baobao (the dog's name)。 They make good friends. Baobao always barks at strangers but never at my son.
“Neighbors (are) even closer than far relatives!” I am so happy that I am getting along well with my neighbors.
bark at sb. 向某人喊叫
五、如何寫正文——段落中的主題句
主題句(topic sentence)在段落中的位置和表示法
1. 主題句寫在段落的開端，后面的支持句為主題句提供論證或細(xì)節(jié)，初學(xué)者以使
用此法為宜。如：
Americans make no distinction in greeting friends， acquaintances， elders， or superiors. When Americans see someone they know only by sight， they are likely to say “Hi” in all cases. This does not mean that they have no more regard for friends than for casual acquaintances. It only means that “Hi” serves as greeting for both.
superior 上級，長者
2. 主題句寫在段落末了，前面都是提供細(xì)節(jié)的支持句，內(nèi)容逐漸收攏，后用一
句總結(jié)的主題句加以概括。
Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still， the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for other. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.
3. 主題句寫在段落的開端和寫在末了。主題句先在段首出現(xiàn)，在段末又重復(fù)一遍，
這種在首尾兩處出現(xiàn)主題句的寫法，具有強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出中心思想的作用。如：
Good manners are important in all countries， but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not.
be different form 和……是不同的
bow [ bau ]n.弓， 樂弓， 弓形， 鞠躬， 船首v.鞠躬， 彎腰
On the surface， it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan， and in a way this is true. But in any country， the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.
in a way=in one way=in some ways 在某種程度上
eg. The changes are an improvement in one way.
Good manners are important in all countries， but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country.
It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.
4. 主題句寫在段落中間或其它地方。此時，要根據(jù)上下文的意思才能確定該段落
中體現(xiàn)中心思想的句子。如：
Californians and New Englanders are both American. They speak the same language and abide by the same federal laws. But they are very different in their ways of life. Mobility both physical and psychological has made a great impression on the culture of Californians; lack of mobility is the mark of the customs and morality of New Englanders.
abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物
Abide( abided， abided)
1) 用于否定句或疑問句中與can， could 連用;容忍、忍受、忍耐
eg. I can't abide that man. 我對那個人忍無可忍。
How could you abide such conditions? 這種環(huán)境你怎么受得了呢?
2) abide by sth. 遵守某事物，忠于某事物
abide by an agreement 履行協(xié)議
3) (abode， abode) 逗留，延續(xù)，居留
abide at a place 住在某地;abide with sb. 和某人同住。
mobility 流動性
make an impression on sth.(sb.) 給某人很深的印象
5. 有時，主題句沒有明顯地表示出來，而用一種含蓄的方法加以表示。這時需要
讀者對整段意思加以領(lǐng)會，然后自己歸納出一句能體現(xiàn)全段中心思想的主題句來。
如：
First you must wait for a sunny day. Remember that the rays of the sun are most direct between 11 a.m. and 2 p.m. This is the time when you will tan the quickest. At the right time and on the right day， pick an open spot outdoors and lay out a large towel or beach mat. You want to bring along several things： suntan oil， a portable radio， a book or magazine， sunglasses， a pillow. It is a good idea not to stay in the sun too long at first.
Begin with a half hour， and then gradually increase the time you spend in the sun. Certain parts of your body will burn more quickly than others. These include the backs of your knees， the insides of your elbows， your shoulders， and your nose. Be sure to cover these spots with suntan oil when you first go outside. Cover them again with oil after you have been out in the sun for a while.
(可能的含蓄主題句：Taking a sunbath calls for careful planning. 或It calls for careful planning to take a sunbath.)
寫好主題句的三條原則
1. 要能說明段落中心思想的內(nèi)容。
2. 要有能體現(xiàn)中心思想的關(guān)鍵詞。
3. 盡量使用簡潔明了的句子。
句1：In the United States， the system of forced labor， which was known as slavery lasted almost 250 years.
句2：In the United States， the system of forced labor lasted almost 250 years.
句3：Slavery lasted almost 250 years in the United States.
句4：Pride and Prejudice was a book which in my opinion I enjoyed reading very much. (復(fù)雜又冗長)
句5：I enjoyed reading Pride and Prejudice very much. (直接又清晰)
enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事
My Favourite Character in Fiction
Do you read a lot of fiction? Do you enjoy it? What type of fiction do you like best? Who is your favourite author? Who is your favourite character in fiction? Why do you like him/her so much? What sorts of things does he/she do?
My Favourite School Subject
What subjects do you study at school? Which of them do you dislike? Which do you like? Which is your favourite among these? Who teaches you this subject? How long have you been studying it? What sort of marks or grades do you get for it? Why is it your favourite subject?
Sports
What kind of sports do you like? What's the reason? When do you do exercises?
My Favorite Character in Fiction
原文：
I often read short (stories) fiction to my son. “Heidi” is my favorite one. (It tells me a lot) more besides the fiction itself.
Heidi is a very cute and childlike girl. She was brought to her grandfather (and) lived in a small village in Switzerland when her aunt had to work in a wealthy family. Heidi liked the wonderful nature there and she was always caring about people. She brought happiness to her grandfather. This made her grandfather changed. He began to help and acre about others instead of having been called a (stubborn) miserable old man (before) by people before.
In the end Heidi went to the wealthy family her aunt worked in. She was asked to be as a companion with Clara (a girl (sitting) with (in a) wheelchair and couldn't go to school)。 They made friends. Heidi helped Clara get stronger and stronger(。) (In the end she) even could walk!
From this (novel) fiction I get to find what the most important thing is in my life： Live (actively) in an active way and smile every day， care more about others and you can make the world turnfrom (sadness to happiness) sad to glad. Do you agree with me?
My Favorite School Subject
原文：
I (study) studied -the secretary at school. There (are) were about twenty-eight subjects -need to study in five terms. They (are mainly) were principle in secretary， writing of official document(s)， English， psychology， logic and so on. I liked to study all of the subjects but English is my favorite among these. Mr. Yang (teaches) taught us this subject. He is very humorous and has (a) profound knowledge and extensive learning. We all (like) liked to listen to his lecture(s)。 I have been studying English about two years and I (find studying English) found study it is more and more interesting.
Sports
原文：
I like sport(s)。 My favorite sport(s) (are) is badminton and swimming. I don't like running.
I always play badminton on Sundays. Badminton is an interesting sport. I think who play badminton often can get cleverer and fitter than who does not. I am not good at swimming. But I (often) go -to swimming -often， especially in winter. Keeping fit is popular in this modern age. I think -the sport is the best way (to keep fit) for keeping fit. Running is a good sport， someone likes it. But I don't like (it)。 I think it's so boring.
-The spring is coming. Let us -to do sport.