知識總結(jié)歸納
（一）概述：
主語與謂語的一致：在英語表達(dá)中，謂語動詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主要體現(xiàn)在be動詞，助動詞do, have 以及一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中的動詞形式。
謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。
名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，復(fù)數(shù)之分，動詞的單數(shù)就是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式即動詞的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
（二）語法一致：
1. 由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語：
（1）這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質(zhì)的同一個人或一個完整的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）這部分主語前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 動名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示時間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語時，被視為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.
（三）就近原則
由連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，謂語動詞和離它近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。
例句：
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語共同做主語時，謂語動詞與這些短語前面的那個名詞的數(shù)一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
（四）意義一致
1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名詞的單，復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容而定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定詞短語all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of ….修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由of 后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
難點突破
1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和短文改錯兩個題型中。同學(xué)們在練習(xí)和應(yīng)試時，遇到這樣的題時，要牢記主謂一致的三個基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語部分。同時還要考慮句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
2. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例題】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析：帶有as well as 短語的名詞做主語時，謂語動詞與這個名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受as well as 短語內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式，故選擇A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been
分析：either…or..連接兩個名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞與離它近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中his friends 決定了謂語動詞的形式，故選擇A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted
分析：根據(jù)句意，主語部分的The conductor and composer 是指一個人即：樂隊指揮兼作曲家， 所以主語的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour 是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，故選擇D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析：family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 謂語用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子” 謂語為were，故選擇B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
分析：當(dāng)定語從句先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式”時， 其后的從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有the only時， 定語從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)the only one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時間狀語for three years表明從句的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選擇D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained
分析：分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police 是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police 與train 為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故選擇D。
短文改錯片段：
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析：本句中主語Now my picture and the prize是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞is應(yīng)改為are.
2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.
分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以謂語動詞talked改為talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語we一致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析：主語information是不可數(shù)名詞，are應(yīng)改為is
【模擬試題】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep ?
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
【試題答案】
1. C
分析：本題考查的主謂一致的內(nèi)容與上一題相同，從句子的語境判斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 為復(fù)數(shù)形式。是主動語態(tài)。
3. A
分析：本句為倒裝句。主語是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主語是a very shy girl，為單數(shù)，全句為過去時。
4. B
分析：全句的核心主語是Mr. Bush，為單數(shù)，全句為將來時。
5. C
分析：運用就近原則，謂語動詞和主語the students 一致，此處為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用be動詞。
6. C
分析：主語ten minutes表示時間，被視為一個整體，為單數(shù)形式。全句是現(xiàn)在時。
7. D
分析：本句核心主語是land，為單數(shù)形式，同時注意分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)形式。
（一）概述：
主語與謂語的一致：在英語表達(dá)中，謂語動詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主要體現(xiàn)在be動詞，助動詞do, have 以及一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中的動詞形式。
謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。
名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，復(fù)數(shù)之分，動詞的單數(shù)就是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式即動詞的原形。
例句：
1. I am seventeen, and he is sixteen.
2. There is a desk in the room, but there are no chairs in it.
3. John gets up at six o’clock every morning.
4. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games ?
5. The family are sitting at the breakfast table.
（二）語法一致：
1. 由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語：
（1）這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例句：
① My brother and I have both seen that film.
② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.
③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.
④ Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.
（2）這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質(zhì)的同一個人或一個完整的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.
② War and peace is a constant theme in history.
③ One more knife and fork is needed.
④ The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.
⑤ Law and order has been established.
⑥ Bread and butter is our daily food.
⑦ Fish and chips is a popular fast food.
⑧ The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.
（3）這部分主語前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.
② No sound and no voice is heard.
③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
④ Every minute and every second is precious.
2. 動名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Reading is a great pleasure in life.
② To live means to create.
③ That we need more time is obvious.
④ What is needed is food and medicine.
3. 表示時間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語時，被視為一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Three thousand miles is a long distance.
② Eight hours of sleep is enough.
4. 不定代詞anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?
② Someone wants to see you.
（三）就近原則
由連詞or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，謂語動詞和離它近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。
例句：
1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.
2. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.
3. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.
4. George or Tom is wanted.
注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。
例句：
1. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.
2. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.
3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.
名詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語共同做主語時，謂語動詞與這些短語前面的那個名詞的數(shù)一致。
例句：
1. All but one were here just now.
2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.
3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
4. You as well as I are wrong.
（四）意義一致
1. 代詞none, neither, all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定
例句：
（1）All hope has gone.
（2）All are agreed on this point.
（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.
（4）None has returned from the meeting.
2. 集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名詞的單，復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容而定。
例句：
（1）The class were all cheerful.
（2）The team were taking over some new plays.
（3）The group are reading the newspapers.
（4）The army is going to remain in this town.
（5）The army have rescued the travelers.
3. 限定詞短語all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of ….修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由of 后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。
例句：
（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.
（2）I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.
（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.
難點突破
1. 主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項選擇和短文改錯兩個題型中。同學(xué)們在練習(xí)和應(yīng)試時，遇到這樣的題時，要牢記主謂一致的三個基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語部分。同時還要考慮句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。
2. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。 the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
例句：
Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.
Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
【典型例題】
[例1] E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
分析：帶有as well as 短語的名詞做主語時，謂語動詞與這個名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受as well as 短語內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式，故選擇A。
[例2] Either John or his friends _____ to blame for the bad results.
A. are B. is C. was D. has been
分析：either…or..連接兩個名詞做主語時，其謂語動詞與離它近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中his friends 決定了謂語動詞的形式，故選擇A。
[例3] The conductor and composer _____ by a crowd of people.
A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. have been greeted
分析：根據(jù)句意，主語部分的The conductor and composer 是指一個人即：樂隊指揮兼作曲家， 所以主語的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。
[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.
—But the colour _____ me.
A. fit; don’t suit B. fits; doesn’t suit C. fits; don’t suit D. fit; doesn’t suit
分析：trousers, clothes, glasses,等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour 是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，故選擇D。
[例5] The Smith’s family, which _____ rather a large one, _____ very fond of their old house.
A. were; were B. was; were C. were; was D. was; was
分析：family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 謂語用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子” 謂語為were，故選擇B。
[例6] He is the only one of the students who _____ a winner of scholarship for three years.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
分析：當(dāng)定語從句先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式”時， 其后的從句謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有the only時， 定語從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)the only one，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時間狀語for three years表明從句的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選擇D。
[例7] Three fifths of the police _____ in the school near the town.
A. has trained B. have trained C. has been trained D. have been trained
分析：分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語時，謂語動詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police 是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police 與train 為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，故選擇D。
短文改錯片段：
1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.
分析：本句中主語Now my picture and the prize是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞is應(yīng)改為are.
2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once.
分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以謂語動詞talked改為talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語we一致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.
3. But not all information are good to society.
分析：主語information是不可數(shù)名詞，are應(yīng)改為is
【模擬試題】
1. —Is there anybody in the classroom ?
—No, the teacher, together with the students _____ to the playground.
A. go B. went C. has gone D. have gone
2. —Are these your sheep ?
—No. Mine _____ on grass at the foot of the hill.
A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding
3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _____ a very shy
girl with two bright eyes.
A. was B. are C. were D. there was
4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _____ going to Japan next week.
A. are B. is C. will be D. would be
5. Not the teacher but the students _____ excited.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
7. _____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is
【試題答案】
1. C
分析：本題考查的主謂一致的內(nèi)容與上一題相同，從句子的語境判斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2. A
分析：mine指my sheep 為復(fù)數(shù)形式。是主動語態(tài)。
3. A
分析：本句為倒裝句。主語是a very shy girl with two bright eyes.核心主語是a very shy girl，為單數(shù)，全句為過去時。
4. B
分析：全句的核心主語是Mr. Bush，為單數(shù)，全句為將來時。
5. C
分析：運用就近原則，謂語動詞和主語the students 一致，此處為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用be動詞。
6. C
分析：主語ten minutes表示時間，被視為一個整體，為單數(shù)形式。全句是現(xiàn)在時。
7. D
分析：本句核心主語是land，為單數(shù)形式，同時注意分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)形式。