非謂語動詞包括不定式。動名詞和分詞。它們是高中所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)語法，也是高考必考內(nèi)容，既是高考的亮點又是高考的熱點。1995——2006年全國高考一共有23個（含全國卷1--3）。預(yù)測今年仍是高考考點。
【高考考點透視】
1．三種非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、形式和語法功能及用法對比。
2．非謂語動詞的完成式、被動式的用法和特點。
3．非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4．不定式與動名詞，動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，分詞作壯語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對比。
5．不定式和動名詞在及物動詞后作賓語的區(qū)別是這一語法項目考查的熱點。
6．過去分詞作定語，不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的用法。
7．不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8．帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
在實際運用中,非謂語動詞有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法.如果運用以下口訣,聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)中的一些,答案時思路就會清晰的多。
一、看句中作何用,形式時態(tài)慎選擇
例: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most famous popular sport in the world .(NMET98)
此題答案為A.making 是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作壯語,與主語European football 是主動關(guān)系, D 項是不定式的主動形式,可作目的壯語,但目的壯語前不用句號,B、C項均屬語法錯誤.
二、看動詞作搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則
例: (1) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______ into buying something they don’t really need (上海96)
A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded
can’t help 是 “抑制不住,情不自禁”的意思,其后要接 doing 或 being done 的形式,屬固定搭配,故排除 A 、D兩項,從句意來看,是人們“被說服”,故答案為C。
(2) I can’t stand _______ with Jane in the same office, she just refuses ______ talking while she works.(北京2006)
A working stopping B to work stopping
C working to stop D to work to stop
can’t stand 后接 Ving 形式,表示難以忍受,refuse后用to do,表示拒絕做某事。故答案為C。
三、看句型與句意,特殊用法要記牢
例: 1 How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ? (MET93)
A to take B take C taking D to be taking
how / what about ＋doing (n/pron) 是固定句型,答案是C ,該句中的the two of us 是動名詞taking 的邏輯主語,the two of us taking 一起構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作介詞about 的賓語.
2 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002全國卷)
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
解析: 非謂語動詞的用法,new events 與add“增加”該句中的once begun 是once it is begun 的省略句,意為一旦開始,所以答案為D.
3 ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ?
---The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers?(NMET 2002 北京卷)
A to solving, making B to solving, made
C to solve, making D to solve, made
該題中的the key to sth./doing sth.意為“…的關(guān)鍵,… 的答案”, to 為介詞,其后要跟名詞和動名詞,第二空有短語by the customers,很明顯要選過去分詞made,所以正確答案為B, 該句的意思是“解決這個難題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客所提出的要求。”
【高考真題點擊】
1．Paul doesn’t have to be made__B__.He always works hard.(MET91)
A.learn B. to learn C.learned D.learning
[點擊]感官動詞see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,listen to,look at和使役動詞let,make,have等后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,如變?yōu)楸粍泳?，不定式前要加to。
2.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comforable to_B___.(MET’88)
A. sit B. sit on C.be sat D.be sat on
[點擊]sit on與chair有邏輯關(guān)系上的動賓關(guān)系，sit是不及物動詞，故需要加介詞on.注意：heavy, pleasant, comfortable等一些作表語的形容詞后用不定式的主動式表被動。
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well.now I regret__ D__that.(NMET’95)
A.to do B.to be doing
C. to have done D.having done
[點擊]remember,forget和regret三詞后跟動名詞，表示一個過去、完成的動作；后給不定式表示一個將來是動作。
4. Mother _C___ us stories when we were young.(MET88)
A was used to tell B is used to telling
C used to tell D used to telling
[點擊] 由when we were young 這一信息句判斷，應(yīng)用used to 表示過去常常。A 項意為“被用來去做…，B項意為現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于做…。D項有語法錯誤。
5．We agreed _C___ here but so far she hasn’t truned up yet .(NMET95)
A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met
[點擊] 由 pretend , agree , want , wish , hope , expect , decide , promise , manage, refuse 等動詞后接不定式作賓語。如是不定式，應(yīng)將not 放在to不定式之前。
6. The first textbooks _D___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century .(NMET94)
A having written B to be written
C being written D written
[點擊] 此題是考查過去分詞作定語的用法。過去分詞作定語表示一個已經(jīng)被完成的動作。
7. Tom kept silent about the accident __ B__ lose his job .(MET90)
A so not as to B so as not to
C so as to not D not so as to
[點擊] so as to 相當(dāng)于 in order to ，否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在不定式 to 之前。但 so as to 不可置于句首引導(dǎo)目的壯語。
【高考考點透視】
1．三種非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、形式和語法功能及用法對比。
2．非謂語動詞的完成式、被動式的用法和特點。
3．非謂語動詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及否定形式。
4．不定式與動名詞，動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞，分詞作壯語與獨立結(jié)構(gòu)等用法對比。
5．不定式和動名詞在及物動詞后作賓語的區(qū)別是這一語法項目考查的熱點。
6．過去分詞作定語，不定式和分詞作賓語補足語的用法。
7．不定式標(biāo)志to和介詞to的用法判斷等。
8．帶to與不帶to的不定式的用法及區(qū)別。
在實際運用中,非謂語動詞有一些比較細(xì)的規(guī)則和特殊用法.如果運用以下口訣,聯(lián)想學(xué)習(xí)中的一些,答案時思路就會清晰的多。
一、看句中作何用,形式時態(tài)慎選擇
例: European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most famous popular sport in the world .(NMET98)
此題答案為A.making 是現(xiàn)在分詞,在句中作壯語,與主語European football 是主動關(guān)系, D 項是不定式的主動形式,可作目的壯語,但目的壯語前不用句號,B、C項均屬語法錯誤.
二、看動詞作搭配,約定俗成是規(guī)則
例: (1) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _______ into buying something they don’t really need (上海96)
A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded
can’t help 是 “抑制不住,情不自禁”的意思,其后要接 doing 或 being done 的形式,屬固定搭配,故排除 A 、D兩項,從句意來看,是人們“被說服”,故答案為C。
(2) I can’t stand _______ with Jane in the same office, she just refuses ______ talking while she works.(北京2006)
A working stopping B to work stopping
C working to stop D to work to stop
can’t stand 后接 Ving 形式,表示難以忍受,refuse后用to do,表示拒絕做某事。故答案為C。
三、看句型與句意,特殊用法要記牢
例: 1 How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ? (MET93)
A to take B take C taking D to be taking
how / what about ＋doing (n/pron) 是固定句型,答案是C ,該句中的the two of us 是動名詞taking 的邏輯主語,the two of us taking 一起構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作介詞about 的賓語.
2 The research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002全國卷)
A begins B having begun C beginning D begun
解析: 非謂語動詞的用法,new events 與add“增加”該句中的once begun 是once it is begun 的省略句,意為一旦開始,所以答案為D.
3 ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ?
---The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers?(NMET 2002 北京卷)
A to solving, making B to solving, made
C to solve, making D to solve, made
該題中的the key to sth./doing sth.意為“…的關(guān)鍵,… 的答案”, to 為介詞,其后要跟名詞和動名詞,第二空有短語by the customers,很明顯要選過去分詞made,所以正確答案為B, 該句的意思是“解決這個難題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客所提出的要求。”
【高考真題點擊】
1．Paul doesn’t have to be made__B__.He always works hard.(MET91)
A.learn B. to learn C.learned D.learning
[點擊]感官動詞see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,listen to,look at和使役動詞let,make,have等后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,如變?yōu)楸粍泳?，不定式前要加to。
2.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact,it is very comforable to_B___.(MET’88)
A. sit B. sit on C.be sat D.be sat on
[點擊]sit on與chair有邏輯關(guān)系上的動賓關(guān)系，sit是不及物動詞，故需要加介詞on.注意：heavy, pleasant, comfortable等一些作表語的形容詞后用不定式的主動式表被動。
3. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
—Well.now I regret__ D__that.(NMET’95)
A.to do B.to be doing
C. to have done D.having done
[點擊]remember,forget和regret三詞后跟動名詞，表示一個過去、完成的動作；后給不定式表示一個將來是動作。
4. Mother _C___ us stories when we were young.(MET88)
A was used to tell B is used to telling
C used to tell D used to telling
[點擊] 由when we were young 這一信息句判斷，應(yīng)用used to 表示過去常常。A 項意為“被用來去做…，B項意為現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于做…。D項有語法錯誤。
5．We agreed _C___ here but so far she hasn’t truned up yet .(NMET95)
A having met B meeting C to meet D to have met
[點擊] 由 pretend , agree , want , wish , hope , expect , decide , promise , manage, refuse 等動詞后接不定式作賓語。如是不定式，應(yīng)將not 放在to不定式之前。
6. The first textbooks _D___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century .(NMET94)
A having written B to be written
C being written D written
[點擊] 此題是考查過去分詞作定語的用法。過去分詞作定語表示一個已經(jīng)被完成的動作。
7. Tom kept silent about the accident __ B__ lose his job .(MET90)
A so not as to B so as not to
C so as to not D not so as to
[點擊] so as to 相當(dāng)于 in order to ，否定詞 not 應(yīng)放在不定式 to 之前。但 so as to 不可置于句首引導(dǎo)目的壯語。