語(yǔ)法歸納精講五:倒裝句

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倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
     倒裝是指句子成分不是按主語(yǔ)在前、謂語(yǔ)在后的正常語(yǔ)序排列,而是將謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分移到主語(yǔ)之前。倒裝是一種修辭手段,目的是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)。倒裝分為部分倒裝和全部倒裝,考試多為部分倒裝。考生應(yīng)掌握什么情況下需要倒裝,并對(duì)倒裝后的句子能夠認(rèn)出來(lái),避免做題時(shí)候的盲目和迷茫。
     一。 用全部倒裝的情況全部倒裝一般是存在以下列副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中,全部倒裝的方法是把句子的主謂語(yǔ)序顛倒過(guò)來(lái),把謂語(yǔ)移到主語(yǔ)前面:1)出于修辭需要,表示方向的副詞:out, down, in ,up, away, on.如:Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he heard someone shouted at him. Up went the plane 2)出于習(xí)慣用法:here, there, now, thus, hence, then.如:Now is your turn. There goes the bell. Here is a ticket for you There existed a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of work注意:here,there用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)主語(yǔ)一般為名詞,如果是人稱代詞則不需要倒裝“ where is the cup?” “Here it is!”
     Here you are. There he comes. 3)有時(shí)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),為了使句子平衡,避免頭重腳輕,主謂要全部倒裝。這種情況多出現(xiàn)在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life. In between these two extremes are those people who agree with the jury system as a whole, but feel that some changes need to be implemented to improve its effectiveness.
     二。 采用部分倒裝情況部分倒裝一般是把句子謂語(yǔ)的一部分(主要是助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞)放到句子主語(yǔ)前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝,而全部倒裝則把句子的謂語(yǔ)(包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)都放在主語(yǔ)前1.下列否定詞及含有否定意義的詞組修飾狀語(yǔ)時(shí),若置于句首,句子的主謂要部分倒裝,:never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in vain, still less.如:Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.(1985年考研題)