Unit 2: Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
FOB–FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)
“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail (越過(guò)船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定裝運(yùn)港).
This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (貨物滅失及損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用) to the goods from that point.
The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export (辦理貨物出口清關(guān)).
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸).
10. 句子:
This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 句中:
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承擔(dān), 負(fù)擔(dān).
10.2 from that point
在教材的 p17 注釋10中, 我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣一些詞:
port 港口
place 地點(diǎn)
point 點(diǎn)(INCOTERMS實(shí)指“具體地點(diǎn)”)
premise 所在地(INCOTERMS實(shí)指“場(chǎng)所”)
說(shuō)明:
關(guān)于貨物應(yīng)當(dāng)交付的地點(diǎn),進(jìn)出口商對(duì)貨物交付時(shí)責(zé)任、費(fèi)用、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分等,《通則》使用了不同的表述:
在僅適用海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸方式的術(shù)語(yǔ)時(shí),使用“港口”名稱,即 port;其他情況下的使用地點(diǎn),即 place.尤其 FCA, 當(dāng)有必要指明港口或地點(diǎn)內(nèi)的某一“具體地點(diǎn)”時(shí), 用 point, 而且賣(mài)方要提供交通工具.當(dāng)交付貨物的具體地點(diǎn)是賣(mài)方的所在地時(shí), 用 premise. 此時(shí),賣(mài)方無(wú)義務(wù)提供交通工具, 但賣(mài)方有裝載貨物的義務(wù).
11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
require = order, demand “要求,規(guī)定”, 正式用語(yǔ),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 常用的搭配有:
require sth (of sb),
require sb to do sth,
require that + 從句,
12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中：
12.1 inland 由前綴“-in”加 land 構(gòu)成, 其中:
(1) -in = in or into (內(nèi),入內(nèi),在內(nèi)). 再舉一例: inside
(2) inland 基本上有兩個(gè)意思:
內(nèi)地的,內(nèi)陸的. 例如: inland towns (內(nèi)陸城市)
國(guó)內(nèi)的. 例如: inland trades (國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易)
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路
railway: 鐵路,鐵道
roadway: 車(chē)道
highway: 公路,大道
subway: 地鐵,通道
airway: 航線
從這些詞中我們是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)一些規(guī)律了呢?
CFR–COST AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination (指定目的港).
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller
to the buyer.
The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
13. 句子:
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
這句句子的突破點(diǎn)是兩個(gè)連接詞: BUT 和 as well as:
13.1 the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination
(1) 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句型.
① 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He attends to his work. (他專(zhuān)注做好自己的工作)
② 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He will attend a meeting tomorrow. (他明天要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議)
所以我們要注意:
有些動(dòng)詞,它既有及物動(dòng)詞的用法,也有不及物動(dòng)詞的用法.
③ 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞, be動(dòng)詞是大的連系動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)然還有其他的詞
(become, turn, get等).例如:
A freight forwarder was a commission agent.
④ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 雙賓語(yǔ), 例如 bring:
bring the buyer some catalogs = bring some catalogs to the buyer
⑤ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ), 例如本句:
pay the costs and freight necessary (necessary 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 the costs and freight)
(2) 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成 the seller must pay sth. 這個(gè) sth 是指:
the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination 意指“貨至指定目的港所需的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用”.
13.2 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) transfer: 常見(jiàn)的搭配有:
transfer (sb./sth.) (from) (to)
意思是“(權(quán)利,地位,狀態(tài)等)轉(zhuǎn)移, (地方,位置等)遷移, (工作等)調(diào)動(dòng)”
(2) but 在這里大寫(xiě)的目的醒目: 讓讀者注意前者的費(fèi)用由賣(mài)方承擔(dān), 后者的費(fèi)用由買(mǎi)方承擔(dān).
13.3 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) additional cost = extra cost: 額外費(fèi)用
(2) due to = caused by: 由于,起因于
(注意這個(gè)詞組后接名詞, 這個(gè) to 是介詞)
(3) occur = happen, take place: 發(fā)生
(4) as well as: 說(shuō)明交貨后,買(mǎi)方支付的費(fèi)用可能比賣(mài)方多.
CIF–COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost, insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium (保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)).
The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
14. 句子:
However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.句中:
14.1 procure = obtain, esp. with care or effort:
(尤指用心或者費(fèi)力)獲得,取得,這里引申為“辦理”
14.2 carriage 有兩種解釋:
運(yùn)費(fèi): carriage paid to … (CPT, 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至…) (見(jiàn)第一課注釋 11 )
運(yùn)輸: 即本句的 during the carriage
15. 句子:
Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 句中:
15.1 consequently = therefore: 所以,因此
(書(shū)面用語(yǔ),比較正式的用法), 這句和第 14 句相對(duì)應(yīng).
15.2 contract: 顯然, 這里的 contract 是動(dòng)詞的用法
當(dāng) contract 作動(dòng)詞時(shí): 解釋“簽約,訂立合同” 常見(jiàn)搭配有contract (with) (for)
當(dāng) contract 作名詞時(shí): 解釋“合約,合同” 常見(jiàn)的詞組有enter into a contract (with sb.) (for sth.)make a contract (with sb.) (for sth.)
15.3 premium: 在保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域里就是“保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”的意思, 例如:premium rate (保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率)
FOB–FREE ON BOARD (…named port of shipment)
“Free on Board” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail (越過(guò)船舷) at the named port of shipment (指定裝運(yùn)港).
This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage (貨物滅失及損壞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用) to the goods from that point.
The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export (辦理貨物出口清關(guān)).
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport (海洋或內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸).
10. 句子:
This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. 句中:
10.1 bear = to support (a load or weight): 承擔(dān), 負(fù)擔(dān).
10.2 from that point
在教材的 p17 注釋10中, 我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣一些詞:
port 港口
place 地點(diǎn)
point 點(diǎn)(INCOTERMS實(shí)指“具體地點(diǎn)”)
premise 所在地(INCOTERMS實(shí)指“場(chǎng)所”)
說(shuō)明:
關(guān)于貨物應(yīng)當(dāng)交付的地點(diǎn),進(jìn)出口商對(duì)貨物交付時(shí)責(zé)任、費(fèi)用、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分等,《通則》使用了不同的表述:
在僅適用海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸方式的術(shù)語(yǔ)時(shí),使用“港口”名稱,即 port;其他情況下的使用地點(diǎn),即 place.尤其 FCA, 當(dāng)有必要指明港口或地點(diǎn)內(nèi)的某一“具體地點(diǎn)”時(shí), 用 point, 而且賣(mài)方要提供交通工具.當(dāng)交付貨物的具體地點(diǎn)是賣(mài)方的所在地時(shí), 用 premise. 此時(shí),賣(mài)方無(wú)義務(wù)提供交通工具, 但賣(mài)方有裝載貨物的義務(wù).
11. 句子: The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
require = order, demand “要求,規(guī)定”, 正式用語(yǔ),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 常用的搭配有:
require sth (of sb),
require sb to do sth,
require that + 從句,
12. 句子: This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. 句中：
12.1 inland 由前綴“-in”加 land 構(gòu)成, 其中:
(1) -in = in or into (內(nèi),入內(nèi),在內(nèi)). 再舉一例: inside
(2) inland 基本上有兩個(gè)意思:
內(nèi)地的,內(nèi)陸的. 例如: inland towns (內(nèi)陸城市)
國(guó)內(nèi)的. 例如: inland trades (國(guó)內(nèi)貿(mào)易)
12.2 waterway : 水路,航道,航路
railway: 鐵路,鐵道
roadway: 車(chē)道
highway: 公路,大道
subway: 地鐵,通道
airway: 航線
從這些詞中我們是不是發(fā)現(xiàn)一些規(guī)律了呢?
CFR–COST AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination (指定目的港).
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller
to the buyer.
The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
13. 句子:
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods,
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
這句句子的突破點(diǎn)是兩個(gè)連接詞: BUT 和 as well as:
13.1 the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination
(1) 英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句型.
① 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He attends to his work. (他專(zhuān)注做好自己的工作)
② 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He will attend a meeting tomorrow. (他明天要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議)
所以我們要注意:
有些動(dòng)詞,它既有及物動(dòng)詞的用法,也有不及物動(dòng)詞的用法.
③ 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞, be動(dòng)詞是大的連系動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)然還有其他的詞
(become, turn, get等).例如:
A freight forwarder was a commission agent.
④ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 雙賓語(yǔ), 例如 bring:
bring the buyer some catalogs = bring some catalogs to the buyer
⑤ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ), 例如本句:
pay the costs and freight necessary (necessary 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 the costs and freight)
(2) 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成 the seller must pay sth. 這個(gè) sth 是指:
the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination 意指“貨至指定目的港所需的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用”.
13.2 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) transfer: 常見(jiàn)的搭配有:
transfer (sb./sth.) (from) (to)
意思是“(權(quán)利,地位,狀態(tài)等)轉(zhuǎn)移, (地方,位置等)遷移, (工作等)調(diào)動(dòng)”
(2) but 在這里大寫(xiě)的目的醒目: 讓讀者注意前者的費(fèi)用由賣(mài)方承擔(dān), 后者的費(fèi)用由買(mǎi)方承擔(dān).
13.3 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) additional cost = extra cost: 額外費(fèi)用
(2) due to = caused by: 由于,起因于
(注意這個(gè)詞組后接名詞, 這個(gè) to 是介詞)
(3) occur = happen, take place: 發(fā)生
(4) as well as: 說(shuō)明交貨后,買(mǎi)方支付的費(fèi)用可能比賣(mài)方多.
CIF–COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost, insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium (保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)).
The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
14. 句子:
However, in CIF the seller also has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.句中:
14.1 procure = obtain, esp. with care or effort:
(尤指用心或者費(fèi)力)獲得,取得,這里引申為“辦理”
14.2 carriage 有兩種解釋:
運(yùn)費(fèi): carriage paid to … (CPT, 運(yùn)費(fèi)付至…) (見(jiàn)第一課注釋 11 )
運(yùn)輸: 即本句的 during the carriage
15. 句子:
Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. 句中:
15.1 consequently = therefore: 所以,因此
(書(shū)面用語(yǔ),比較正式的用法), 這句和第 14 句相對(duì)應(yīng).
15.2 contract: 顯然, 這里的 contract 是動(dòng)詞的用法
當(dāng) contract 作動(dòng)詞時(shí): 解釋“簽約,訂立合同” 常見(jiàn)搭配有contract (with) (for)
當(dāng) contract 作名詞時(shí): 解釋“合約,合同” 常見(jiàn)的詞組有enter into a contract (with sb.) (for sth.)make a contract (with sb.) (for sth.)
15.3 premium: 在保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域里就是“保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)”的意思, 例如:premium rate (保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率)