細(xì)節(jié)題準(zhǔn)確定位方法：
1、根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位。（注意題干關(guān)鍵詞在文章中的同義詞）
例：brave=bold
2、利用因果、條件、比較關(guān)系詞定位。
例：It's a better way of education. 條件詞：It is a good way of education；if.... At...When...都是if的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
3、注意結(jié)合順序原則定位。
4、難于定位時(shí)，抓住段落中最重要的考試原則句進(jìn)行反推
18. Echo location in this article means the _____.根據(jù)順序原則定位在第三段。
A) location of echoes
B) ability to determine where an echo comes from
C) scientific term for sound waves
D) ability to locate unseen objects by echoes
To appreciate the precision of the bats' echo location, we must first consider the degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them. and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they
had found their ways back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs' contents, Spallanxani found that they had been able to capture and eat flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects make no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of softbodied silent flying insects in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles (卵石) tossed (向上扔)into the air.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.
A) a shop assistant
B) the manufacturer
C) the store manager
D) a public organization
33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________.
A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D) asking politely to change the item
34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
A) meet the standard of
B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of
D) keep the promise of
35. The passage tells us _________.
A) how to settle a consumer' s complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
注：1.present v. 提交
2.主題句后將介紹其他不同投訴的方法
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer' s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
注：the more...the more... 比較結(jié)構(gòu)，可以跟32題聯(lián)系在一起。
（到此處，文章后面的題目中有4道題已經(jīng)可以定位了。31題、32題、34題和35題）
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."
注：1.firmly 堅(jiān)決的
2.demonstrate 證明、證實(shí)
3.specific 具體的，詳細(xì)的
4.as to = about
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights.
33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________.
A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D) asking politely to change the item
注：B 選項(xiàng) exactly =文中specific，同義改寫
31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
注：1.A、B、C是竄段選項(xiàng)
2.提交保單或有力證明是文章中第一段就提到的the first step
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.
A) a shop assistant B) the manufacturer
C) the store manager D) a public organization
注：級(jí)別越高，解決問題越快
A simple and common method used by many
consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the " higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer' s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
A) meet the standard of B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of D) keep the promise of
注：詞匯題。
1.or 前后兩部分意思相近：faulty 產(chǎn)品有問題/不符合廠家宣稱質(zhì)量
2.采用代入法，將選項(xiàng)代替文中的 live up to ，找到符合句義的選項(xiàng)
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
35. The passage tells us _________.
A) how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
注：1.主題題，有效投訴
2.其他的選項(xiàng)都是從商場(chǎng)的角度，而文章是從消費(fèi)者的角度來寫的。
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day.
22. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A) compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
C) in most hospitals nurses get low salaries
D) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital
23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _______.
A) the present one is refused by the patient
B) the patient complains about the present one
C) the present one proves to be ineffective
D) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
24. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former _______.
A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
B) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses
C) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
D) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses
25. The author's attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel hospital is _________.
A) negative
B) neutral
C) critical
D) positive
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
注：1.patient n. 病人，adj. 耐心的
2.第一句強(qiáng)烈結(jié)論：主題句
3.administration 管理
4.do well to ……
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
注：1.assign 分配
2.at length 長時(shí)間
3.account 紀(jì)錄，賬戶
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
注：1.keep track with 跟蹤
2.not uncommon = common
3.approach 接近，方法
4.本段講 Beth Israel 醫(yī)院醫(yī)生和護(hù)士協(xié)調(diào)合作
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
注：1.self-contained 自成一體
2.劃線句為列舉語言現(xiàn)象，可能出考題，快速閱讀此部分
3.shift 班次
Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
注：1.nurse-in-chief 護(hù)士長
2.首句說明護(hù)士長的地位很高
3.only出現(xiàn)，是考點(diǎn)
1、根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位。（注意題干關(guān)鍵詞在文章中的同義詞）
例：brave=bold
2、利用因果、條件、比較關(guān)系詞定位。
例：It's a better way of education. 條件詞：It is a good way of education；if.... At...When...都是if的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
3、注意結(jié)合順序原則定位。
4、難于定位時(shí)，抓住段落中最重要的考試原則句進(jìn)行反推
18. Echo location in this article means the _____.根據(jù)順序原則定位在第三段。
A) location of echoes
B) ability to determine where an echo comes from
C) scientific term for sound waves
D) ability to locate unseen objects by echoes
To appreciate the precision of the bats' echo location, we must first consider the degree of their reliance upon it. Thanks to sonar, an insect-eating bat can get along perfectly well without eyesight. This was brilliantly demonstrated by the Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani. He caught some bats in a bell tower, blinded them. and released them outdoors. Four of these blind bats were recaptured after they
had found their ways back to the bell tower, and on examining their stomachs' contents, Spallanxani found that they had been able to capture and eat flying insects. We know from experiments that bats easily find insects in the dark of night, even when the insects make no sound that can be heard by human ears. A bat will catch hundreds of softbodied silent flying insects in a single hour. It will even detect and chase pebbles (卵石) tossed (向上扔)into the air.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.
A) a shop assistant
B) the manufacturer
C) the store manager
D) a public organization
33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________.
A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D) asking politely to change the item
34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
A) meet the standard of
B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of
D) keep the promise of
35. The passage tells us _________.
A) how to settle a consumer' s complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
注：1.present v. 提交
2.主題句后將介紹其他不同投訴的方法
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer' s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
注：the more...the more... 比較結(jié)構(gòu)，可以跟32題聯(lián)系在一起。
（到此處，文章后面的題目中有4道題已經(jīng)可以定位了。31題、32題、34題和35題）
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立體聲音響)does not work."
注：1.firmly 堅(jiān)決的
2.demonstrate 證明、證實(shí)
3.specific 具體的，詳細(xì)的
4.as to = about
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights.
33. The most effective complaint can be made by _________.
A) showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B) explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C) saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D) asking politely to change the item
注：B 選項(xiàng) exactly =文中specific，同義改寫
31. When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________
A) complain personally to the manager
B) threaten to take the matter to court
C) write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D) show some written proof of the purchase to the store
注：1.A、B、C是竄段選項(xiàng)
2.提交保單或有力證明是文章中第一段就提到的the first step
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
32. If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it's better to complain to ________.
A) a shop assistant B) the manufacturer
C) the store manager D) a public organization
注：級(jí)別越高，解決問題越快
A simple and common method used by many
consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the " higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer' s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
34. The phrase "live up to"(Para. 1, Line 2) in the context means ________.
A) meet the standard of B) realize the purpose of
C) fulfill the demands of D) keep the promise of
注：詞匯題。
1.or 前后兩部分意思相近：faulty 產(chǎn)品有問題/不符合廠家宣稱質(zhì)量
2.采用代入法，將選項(xiàng)代替文中的 live up to ，找到符合句義的選項(xiàng)
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保單), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
35. The passage tells us _________.
A) how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B) how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C) how to avoid buying a faulty item
D) how to deal with complaints from customers
注：1.主題題，有效投訴
2.其他的選項(xiàng)都是從商場(chǎng)的角度，而文章是從消費(fèi)者的角度來寫的。
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
21. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital?
A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patient's health conditions every day.
22. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A) compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view
C) in most hospitals nurses get low salaries
D) compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital
23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _______.
A) the present one is refused by the patient
B) the patient complains about the present one
C) the present one proves to be ineffective
D) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
24. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former _______.
A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
B) has to arrange the work shifts of the unit's nurses
C) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
D) has full responsibility in the administration of the unit's nurses
25. The author's attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel hospital is _________.
A) negative
B) neutral
C) critical
D) positive
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足), hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.
注：1.patient n. 病人，adj. 耐心的
2.第一句強(qiáng)烈結(jié)論：主題句
3.administration 管理
4.do well to ……
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient's illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
注：1.assign 分配
2.at length 長時(shí)間
3.account 紀(jì)錄，賬戶
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
注：1.keep track with 跟蹤
2.not uncommon = common
3.approach 接近，方法
4.本段講 Beth Israel 醫(yī)院醫(yī)生和護(hù)士協(xié)調(diào)合作
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized (分散的) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
注：1.self-contained 自成一體
2.劃線句為列舉語言現(xiàn)象，可能出考題，快速閱讀此部分
3.shift 班次
Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
注：1.nurse-in-chief 護(hù)士長
2.首句說明護(hù)士長的地位很高
3.only出現(xiàn)，是考點(diǎn)