2、must與 have to的比較。 Must 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀意志,也就是說(shuō),必要性來(lái)自說(shuō)話者的主觀意志。 have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀因素。例如:
He must stop smoking. 他必須戒煙。(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他必須)
This is an awful film. ?We really must go. 這部電影糟透了-我們一定要離開這里。(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為必須)
You have to go and see the boss. 你一定得去見(jiàn)見(jiàn)老板。(客觀因素)
Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. 天主教徒星期天必須去做禮拜。(客觀因素,如教規(guī)等 )
注意:must not表示“絕對(duì)不可”; don’t have to(或 haven’t got to )表示“不必,沒(méi)必要”,兩者意思極為不同。英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用needn’t來(lái)代替 haven’t got to 或don’t have to,如: www.Examda.CoM
You mustn’t tell Jenny. =Don’t tell Jenny. 你一定不要告訴珍妮。
You don’t have to tell Jenny. =You can if you like but it isn’t necessary. 你不必非要告訴珍妮。
3、need 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,need 無(wú)過(guò)去式和將來(lái)時(shí),故用had to, will have to替代,主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中,意思是“有必要”。例如:
He need not come at once. 他不必馬上就來(lái)。
If you need go there, please tell me now. 如果你需要去那兒,請(qǐng)告訴我。
Need he come at once? 他必須馬上回來(lái)嗎?
(回答要用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如:Need he come at once? Yes, he must/ought to /should/has to. No, he needn’t /doesn’t have to /mustn’t.)needn’t have done表示“本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”。例如:
We needn’t have waited for him. 我們本來(lái)不必等他的。(實(shí)際上已等他了)
用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),need可用于肯定句、 否定句和疑問(wèn)句,是“需要”之意。如:
You need to wash your hands. 你需要洗手。
Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 他需要每日服藥四次嗎?
We didn’t need to see him at all. 我們根本不必要看他(實(shí)際上也沒(méi)去看他,請(qǐng)比較needn’t have done的用法)
need做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的賓語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)名詞,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,如果是不定式的被動(dòng)形式,來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。類似need的這種用法,還有require, want等。例如:
The dinning room needs cleaning every day. =The dinning room needs to be cleaned every day. 食堂需要天天打掃。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
He must stop smoking. 他必須戒煙。(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為他必須)
This is an awful film. ?We really must go. 這部電影糟透了-我們一定要離開這里。(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為必須)
You have to go and see the boss. 你一定得去見(jiàn)見(jiàn)老板。(客觀因素)
Catholics have to go to church on Sundays. 天主教徒星期天必須去做禮拜。(客觀因素,如教規(guī)等 )
注意:must not表示“絕對(duì)不可”; don’t have to(或 haven’t got to )表示“不必,沒(méi)必要”,兩者意思極為不同。英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中常用needn’t來(lái)代替 haven’t got to 或don’t have to,如: www.Examda.CoM
You mustn’t tell Jenny. =Don’t tell Jenny. 你一定不要告訴珍妮。
You don’t have to tell Jenny. =You can if you like but it isn’t necessary. 你不必非要告訴珍妮。
3、need 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,need 無(wú)過(guò)去式和將來(lái)時(shí),故用had to, will have to替代,主要用在否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中,意思是“有必要”。例如:
He need not come at once. 他不必馬上就來(lái)。
If you need go there, please tell me now. 如果你需要去那兒,請(qǐng)告訴我。
Need he come at once? 他必須馬上回來(lái)嗎?
(回答要用must, have to, ought to, should等。例如:Need he come at once? Yes, he must/ought to /should/has to. No, he needn’t /doesn’t have to /mustn’t.)needn’t have done表示“本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了”。例如:
We needn’t have waited for him. 我們本來(lái)不必等他的。(實(shí)際上已等他了)
用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),need可用于肯定句、 否定句和疑問(wèn)句,是“需要”之意。如:
You need to wash your hands. 你需要洗手。
Does he need to take the medicine four times a day? 他需要每日服藥四次嗎?
We didn’t need to see him at all. 我們根本不必要看他(實(shí)際上也沒(méi)去看他,請(qǐng)比較needn’t have done的用法)
need做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的賓語(yǔ)如果是動(dòng)名詞,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,如果是不定式的被動(dòng)形式,來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。類似need的這種用法,還有require, want等。例如:
The dinning room needs cleaning every day. =The dinning room needs to be cleaned every day. 食堂需要天天打掃。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。