白易禮:大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試語法筆記84

字號(hào):

As 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別:當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which。
    如:He made a long speech, as was expected.
    He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
    Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
    (3)但是,如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作在將來不同的時(shí)間發(fā)生,則兩部分都要用來將來時(shí),
    注:⑤在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可用復(fù)雜介詞,如:by means of (用,依靠),as a result of (作為結(jié)果)等:
    例:I have three children, one daughter and two sons, all of whom graduated from the same university .
    我有三個(gè)孩子:一個(gè)女兒、兩個(gè)兒子,他們都畢業(yè)于同一所大學(xué)。
    The police, in whom I have great confidence, are trying to find out who did it.
    我對(duì)警察有極大的信心,他們正在努力尋找是誰做的這件事。
    This is the part of the river in which I like to swim.
    (in which=where)
    我喜歡在這條河里面游泳,這就是(我喜歡游的)那個(gè)地方。
    The man from whom you bought the house is my uncle.
    你從他那里買下房子的那個(gè)人是我叔叔。
    This is the desk by means of which he jumped over the wall.
    這就是他用來跳過墻去的那張桌子。
    She was running a fever, as a result of which she failed in the exam.
    她當(dāng)時(shí)正發(fā)燒,所以考試失敗了。
    He is the man from whose house the picture was stolen.
    他就是那個(gè)家里的畫被偷了的人。
    注:⑥一個(gè)先行詞后面可以跟一個(gè)以上的定語從句,這種現(xiàn)象叫雙重關(guān)系從句:
    例:Here are some words which are often used but which are very confusing.
    這里有些常用但非常混亂的詞。
    He is the only person that I can find who is able to solve the problem.
    他是我能找到的解決這個(gè)問題的人。
    名詞性從句
    在主從復(fù)合句中,從句可以充當(dāng)主句的主語、表語、賓語或同位語。由于在多數(shù)情況下,主語、表語、賓語或同位語這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當(dāng),所以,我們把這些作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句,把充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語或同位語的從句分別稱為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句或同位語從句。也就是說充當(dāng)什么成分就叫什么從句。名詞性從句由連接詞(或關(guān)聯(lián)詞)引導(dǎo)。
    常用的連接詞有:連接詞
     作用
    whether是否
    that(本身無詞義)
     只起連接詞作用,引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中不作任何成分
    在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
    who,whom,whose
    which哪一個(gè)
    what什么,所…的
     在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
    在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語
    除了起連接詞作用外,還在從句中作狀語
    when什么時(shí)候,where什么地方
    how怎樣,怎么,why為什么
    疑問詞(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語和表語從句。
    它們的特點(diǎn)是:1、疑問詞有本身的詞義;2、疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語或狀語;3、這種疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句一律用陳述語序,不能用疑問語序。