考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解疑難長(zhǎng)句實(shí)例解析

字號(hào):

The government's new cyber-security officials yesterday asked telecommunications companies for help in building a government computer network that would haveno risk of outside penetration—a task some computer security consultants say is nearly impossible. Plans for the private network, called Govnet, hinge on whether a reliable network infrastructure can be built at an affordable price, officials said. Computer system consultants said they could not estimate how much the network would cost because of the government's enormous size and security needs. Richard Clarke, who was appointed special adviser to the president for cyberspace security this week, said he believes a more reliable system can be built. Ninety percent of available fiber-optic space is unused and fairly inexpensive to obtain, he said.
    Govnet is part of a plan Clarke announced earlier this weekto secure our cyberspace from a range of possible threats, from hackers to criminals to terrorist groups, to foreign nations, which might use cyber-war against us in the future. Govnet would be completely independent from the Internet to help keep out hackers and viruses, according to the government's plan. The request from the General Services Administration asks that telecommunications companies submit proposals about how the network could be built, how much it would cost, and how long it would take to construct.
    This year, the current network has been breached by hackers, computer worms and viruses. The system was also roughed up by theCode Redcomputer worm and an attack program calledI LoveYou. The viruses affected thousands of government computers. Last year a report by the General Accounting Office, an internal government watchdog, found weaknesses in the computer network that could allow terrorists or hackers toseverely damage or disrupt national defense or vital public operations or steal sensitive data. Clarke said the government's current virtual private network is vulnerable to viruses and denial of service attacks that Govnet would make more difficult to execute.
    An internal network, such as the Govnet proposal, is worth investigating but will probably fall to sophisticated hackers, said Amit Yoran, chief executive of the security-services company Riptech Inc. and a former information-security program director at the Defense Department.It is probably more feasible to implement and strongly enforce global security postures and practices rather than go out and purchase new assets,Yoran said.Once someone is able to get in, they will find a weak link. When you have a network the size of the government's there will be weak links. Someone will get in.
    1. What is the Govnet?
    [A]A reliable network infrastructure that can be built at an affordable price.
    [B]A government computer network that may prove immune to penetration.
    [C]A national security system to be developed by the government.
    [D]A private national security system to be developed against outside invasion.
    2. It is implied that some computer consultants consider Govnet to be almost impossible because .
    [A]it will entail considerable cost
    [B]there isn't a reliable network infrastructure yet
    [C]it will be difficult for Govnet to fit into the Internet
    [D]no telecommunications company can afford it
    3. How will Govnet achieve its intended goal of enhancing the security of the government network?
    [A]By stepping up its virus-killing software.
    [B]By scanning for viruses and attacks constantly.
    [C]By secluding itself from the Internet.
    [D]By establishing an internal watchdog committee.
    4. What Amit Yoran said amounts to denying .
    [A]the feasibility of building a security program
    [B]the efficiency of the present network in countering outside attacks
    [C]the conceived security of Govnet
    [D]the possibility of enhancing the security of the government network
    5. The initiative for constructing an internal network stems from .
    [A]the vulnerability of the present network to outside attacks
    [B]the improvement in network security technology
    [C]the desire to build a stronger national defense system
    [D]the proposals submitted by telecommunications companies
    單詞:
    1. cyber[前綴]電腦的,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的
    2. telecommunicationsn.通訊,通信
    3. penetration n.穿透,滲透;深刻
    4. consultant n.顧問(wèn),咨詢者
    5. hinge on依靠,以……為轉(zhuǎn)移
    6. infrastructure n.基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
    7. hacker n.電腦黑客
    8. virus n.病毒
    9. administration n.管理;實(shí)施;政府(管理部門)
    10. submit vt.提交,呈交;順從,服從
    11. proposal n.提議,建議
    12. worm n.蟲,蠕蟲
    13. accounting n.會(huì)計(jì)
    14. internala.內(nèi)部的;國(guó)內(nèi)的
    15. terrorist n.恐怖分子
    16. severely ad.嚴(yán)重地
    17. disrupt vt.使中斷,使瓦解,使混亂
    18. vital a.要害的,至關(guān)重要的
    19. virtual a.虛擬的;實(shí)際上的
    20. vulnerablea.易受傷害的,易受攻擊的
    21. executevt.執(zhí)行,實(shí)行;完成;處死
    22. sophisticateda.富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的,老練的;復(fù)雜的,先進(jìn)的
    23. feasiblea.可行的,可能的
    24. implement vt.貫徹,實(shí)行,執(zhí)行
    25. enforce vt.實(shí)行,實(shí)施;強(qiáng)制;強(qiáng)調(diào)
    26. asset n.財(cái)產(chǎn),資產(chǎn);財(cái)富
    其他詞匯:
    1. affordable 支付得起的,可支付的
    2. fiber optic 光纖
    3. breach 打破,突破;違背
    4. rough up 粗暴對(duì)待,毆打
    5. watchdog 監(jiān)察者
    6. posture 姿勢(shì),姿態(tài);狀態(tài)
    疑難長(zhǎng)句注解:
    Clarke said the government's…execute.(第三段)
    virtual指“虛擬的”,也即“計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的”。denial of service指(網(wǎng)絡(luò))停止工作或癱瘓。
    譯文:
    政府負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的新官員昨天要求通信公司幫助建立一個(gè)政府計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將“不會(huì)受到外侵的威脅”——一些計(jì)算機(jī)安全顧問(wèn)認(rèn)為這個(gè)任務(wù)幾乎是無(wú)法完成的。這個(gè)政府專用網(wǎng)絡(luò)叫做Govnet,官員們說(shuō),能否實(shí)現(xiàn)建立這個(gè)專門網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計(jì)劃取決于一個(gè)可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施能否以合理的價(jià)格建立起來(lái)。而計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)顧問(wèn)們說(shuō),他們無(wú)法估算這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的預(yù)算,因?yàn)檎ぷ饕?guī)模巨大,安全要求很高。Richard Clarke本周被任命為總統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間安全特別顧問(wèn),他說(shuō)他相信可以建立一個(gè)更加可靠的系統(tǒng)。他說(shuō),90%的可用光纖空間都沒(méi)派上用場(chǎng),并且費(fèi)用不大。
    本周早些時(shí)候Clarke宣布了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,旨在“確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全,防止可能產(chǎn)生的一系列威脅——如來(lái)自于黑客、罪犯、恐怖組織或國(guó)外的威脅,防止這些勢(shì)力將來(lái)向我們發(fā)動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)”。Govnet是這個(gè)計(jì)劃的一部分。根據(jù)這項(xiàng)政府計(jì)劃,Govnet將完全脫離因特網(wǎng),以防止黑客和病毒的襲擊。服務(wù)總局要求通信公司提交建議,說(shuō)明這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何建立、需要多少費(fèi)用、需要多長(zhǎng)的建設(shè)時(shí)間。
    今年,目前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)遭到黑客、計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲和病毒的襲擊,系統(tǒng)也受到了叫做Code Red的計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲和I Love You的攻擊程序的襲擊。這些病毒影響到數(shù)以千計(jì)的政府計(jì)算機(jī)。
    審計(jì)總署是政府內(nèi)部一個(gè)監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu),它去年發(fā)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的弱點(diǎn),這可能使恐怖分子或黑客“嚴(yán)重破壞或妨礙國(guó)防體系或政府的重大行動(dòng)計(jì)劃或竊取秘密數(shù)據(jù)信息”。Clarke說(shuō),政府目前的虛擬專用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)容易遭到病毒襲擊、出故障,而Govnet這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將使這些攻擊變得難以實(shí)行。
    作為安全服務(wù)公司Riptech Inc.的總裁、國(guó)防部信息安全項(xiàng)目前主任,Amit Yoran說(shuō):像建立Govnet這樣一個(gè)內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建議值得研究,但是可能擋不住黑客高手。Yoran說(shuō):“與其購(gòu)買一套新設(shè)施,還不如實(shí)施并加強(qiáng)全球安全措施更可行。一旦有人能進(jìn)入,他們就能夠找出薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。像政府網(wǎng)絡(luò)這么大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)總會(huì)有些薄弱環(huán)節(jié),因此,總會(huì)有人能進(jìn)入。”
    1.[B]意為:一個(gè)能夠防止外來(lái)侵入的政府計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
    第一段提到,政府負(fù)責(zé)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的新官員昨天要求通信公司幫助建立一個(gè)政府計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò),這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將不會(huì)受到外侵的威脅——某些計(jì)算機(jī)安全顧問(wèn)認(rèn)為這幾乎是不可能的。下一句提到,這個(gè)(政府)專用的(根據(jù)上一句,這里private不能理解為“私人的”)網(wǎng)絡(luò)稱做Govnet(這個(gè)名字顯然縮略自government和net)。
    [C]意為:政府要建立的一個(gè)國(guó)防體系。
    [D]意為:要建立的防止外來(lái)入侵的一個(gè)專用國(guó)防體系。
    注意:[C]和[D]都沒(méi)有提到要建立的是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。
    2.[A]意為:這需要大量的資金成本。
    第一句中沒(méi)有明確指出顧問(wèn)們認(rèn)為不可能建立這樣一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的原因,但是第二、第三句提到,官員們說(shuō),能否實(shí)現(xiàn)建立這個(gè)專門網(wǎng)絡(luò)的計(jì)劃取決于一個(gè)可靠的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施能否以合理的(affordable原義為“能承擔(dān)得起的”)價(jià)格建立起來(lái)。而計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)顧問(wèn)們說(shuō),他們無(wú)法估算這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的預(yù)算,因?yàn)檎ぷ魃婕懊婢薮?,安全要求很高(這里enormous應(yīng)該理解為同時(shí)修飾size和security needs)。這里的含義是,在顧問(wèn)們看來(lái),這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本大得難以估算。
    3.[C]意為:通過(guò)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)分離的方法。
    第二段第一、第二句提到,建立Govnet的目的是保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全,防止可能產(chǎn)生的威脅——如來(lái)自于黑客(hacker)、罪犯、恐怖組織或國(guó)外的威脅,防止這些勢(shì)力將來(lái)向我們發(fā)動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)。因此,Govnet將完全脫離互聯(lián)網(wǎng),防止黑客和病毒的襲擊。
    [A]意為:通過(guò)將殺毒軟件升級(jí)的辦法。
    [D]意為:通過(guò)設(shè)立內(nèi)部監(jiān)督委員會(huì)的做法。
    4.[C]意為:Govnet被認(rèn)為具有的安全性。
    在最后一段Yoran說(shuō),像Govnet這樣的內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)值得研究,但是可能擋不?。╢all to)黑客高手。與其購(gòu)買一套新設(shè)施(new assets),還不如實(shí)施并加強(qiáng)全球安全狀況的做法更可靠。一旦有人能進(jìn)入(Govnet),他們就能夠找出薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。像政府這么大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)總會(huì)有些薄弱環(huán)節(jié),因此,總會(huì)有人能進(jìn)入??梢?jiàn),他的觀點(diǎn)是:即使能建立所設(shè)想的Govnet,也不一定安全。
    [B]意為:目前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在對(duì)抗外侵上的效果。
    5.[A]意為:目前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)在提防外侵上的脆弱性。
    第三段提到,今年,目前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)遭到黑客、計(jì)算機(jī)蠕蟲和病毒的襲擊,去年,審計(jì)總署發(fā)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的弱點(diǎn),這可能使恐怖分子或黑客嚴(yán)重破壞或妨礙國(guó)防體系或政府的重大行動(dòng)計(jì)劃或竊取秘密數(shù)據(jù)信息,因此,政府認(rèn)為建立Govnet能防止這些入侵行為(本段最后一句)。