(2) 主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題設(shè)題思路及答題技巧
主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題就是我們平時(shí)所說的由who ,what ,where ,when ,why ,which ,how引出的問題。這是極為常見的閱讀理解題。這類題主要是針對論證支持主題的事實(shí)或例證設(shè)題，可能涉及數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算、概念理解以及是非判斷等。
這類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出問題答案。
這類題提問的形式多種多樣，常見的有以下幾種：
Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?
According to the passage, all of the following are true except _____
How many…？
What…?
Why…?
解這類題時(shí)，審題是關(guān)鍵，首先一定得看清問題。比如一句結(jié)論性的話后邊到底是…is true,還是is not true。另外，由于細(xì)節(jié)題比較容易，有時(shí)為了增加測試難度，命題人員在題干或選項(xiàng)中要增加一些文字或意義上的干擾。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一樣的現(xiàn)成答案。
我們引用2002年試題為例。
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked , "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed."
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章的最后一題是：
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演講含義深刻、風(fēng)格簡樸；如今美國所有的在校的學(xué)生都能背誦他的演講”；文章中他談到：“現(xiàn)在所有的人都認(rèn)為他的演講是美國歷的演講之一。”而不是美國的演講。所以D是錯(cuò)誤的。
主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)題就是我們平時(shí)所說的由who ,what ,where ,when ,why ,which ,how引出的問題。這是極為常見的閱讀理解題。這類題主要是針對論證支持主題的事實(shí)或例證設(shè)題，可能涉及數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算、概念理解以及是非判斷等。
這類題的方法一般是先用尋讀法找出與問題相關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行細(xì)讀，找出問題答案。
這類題提問的形式多種多樣，常見的有以下幾種：
Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?
According to the passage, all of the following are true except _____
How many…？
What…?
Why…?
解這類題時(shí)，審題是關(guān)鍵，首先一定得看清問題。比如一句結(jié)論性的話后邊到底是…is true,還是is not true。另外，由于細(xì)節(jié)題比較容易，有時(shí)為了增加測試難度，命題人員在題干或選項(xiàng)中要增加一些文字或意義上的干擾。所以考生很少能在原文中找到一模一樣的現(xiàn)成答案。
我們引用2002年試題為例。
On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The Civil War was still going on. There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time. He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettysburg only out of politeness. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett, a famous statesman and speaker of the day. Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.
It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night, alone in his hotel room and tired out, he again worked briefly on the speech. The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes. His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day. Then Lincoln rose. The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him. He spoke for only nine minutes. At the end there was little applause. Lincoln turned to a friend and remarked , "I have failed again." On the train back to Washington, he said sadly, "That speech was a flat failure, and the people are disappointed."
Some newspapers at first criticized the speech. But little by little as people read the speech they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its simplicity and its deep meaning. It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.
Today, every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest speeches ever given in American history.
文章的最后一題是：
Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address has deep meaning.
B. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is simple in style.
C. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is memorized by every American schoolchild.
D. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is the greatest speech ever delivered in the United States.
答案可以在文章的第三段和第四段找到。“他的演講含義深刻、風(fēng)格簡樸；如今美國所有的在校的學(xué)生都能背誦他的演講”；文章中他談到：“現(xiàn)在所有的人都認(rèn)為他的演講是美國歷的演講之一。”而不是美國的演講。所以D是錯(cuò)誤的。