常春藤盟校(Ivy League)指的是美國(guó)東北部的8所頂尖高等學(xué)府,這8所學(xué)校有著許多共同的特點(diǎn):它們都是美國(guó)最頂尖、最難考入的大學(xué)、它們是全世界接受捐款最多的學(xué)府、它們吸引無(wú)數(shù)秀的學(xué)生與師資。此外它們也是美國(guó)歷史最悠久的大學(xué)——8所學(xué)校中的7所是在英國(guó)殖民時(shí)期建立的。
所有的常春藤盟校都是私立大學(xué),雖然它們大多也接受聯(lián)邦政府資助以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)術(shù)研究。例如常春藤之一的康奈爾大學(xué)就有4所學(xué)院是完全由政府支持的。
成員
八所常春藤盟校是:
布朗大學(xué)(Brown University):位于羅德島州,1764年成立,前身是羅德島學(xué)院;
哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University):位于紐約市,1754年成立,前身是國(guó)王學(xué)院;
康乃爾大學(xué)(Cornell University):位于紐約州,1865年成立;
達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院(Dartmouth College):位于新罕布什爾州,1769年成立;
哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard University):位于馬薩諸塞州,1636年成立;
賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania):位于費(fèi)城,1740年成立,前身為賓夕法尼亞學(xué)院;
普林斯頓大學(xué)(Princeton University):位于新澤西州,1746年成立,前身是新澤西學(xué)院;
耶魯大學(xué)(Yale University):位于康涅狄格州,1701年成立;
歷史
常春藤聯(lián)盟最早指的是非正式的大學(xué)橄欖球賽事,起源于1900年,當(dāng)年耶魯大學(xué)捧得首個(gè)冠軍。多年來(lái)美國(guó)陸軍和空軍也曾參加過(guò)常春藤的橄欖球比賽,但是在聯(lián)盟正式成立前不久退出。
1937年紐約的《先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》首次用長(zhǎng)在墻上的常春藤的比喻來(lái)形容這些參加橄欖球比賽的學(xué)校;1945年8所大學(xué)的體育教練們簽署了首個(gè)常春藤協(xié)議,為8支參賽的橄欖球隊(duì)設(shè)立了學(xué)術(shù)、財(cái)政和運(yùn)動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1954年這項(xiàng)協(xié)議被擴(kuò)展到其他所有運(yùn)動(dòng),該年也被認(rèn)為是常春藤聯(lián)盟正式成立的年份。
聲譽(yù)
幾乎所有的常春藤盟校都以苛刻的入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)著稱,近年來(lái)尤其如此:在過(guò)去的10多年里常春藤盟校的錄取率正在下降。很多學(xué)校還在特別的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)擁有很高的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù),例如:
哥倫比亞大學(xué)的法學(xué)院、商學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院和新聞學(xué)院;
康乃爾大學(xué)的酒店管理學(xué)院和工程學(xué)院;
達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院的塔克商學(xué)院(Tuck School of Business);
哈佛大學(xué)的商學(xué)院、法學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、教育學(xué)院和肯尼迪管理學(xué)院;
賓州大學(xué)的沃頓商學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、護(hù)理學(xué)院、法學(xué)院和教育學(xué)院;
普林斯頓大學(xué)的伍德魯·威爾遜公共與國(guó)際事務(wù)學(xué)院;
耶魯大學(xué)的法學(xué)院、藝術(shù)學(xué)院、音樂(lè)學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院;
捐贈(zèng)
由于其悠久的歷史和所培養(yǎng)出的精英人材,常春藤盟校是全世界接受捐款最多的大學(xué)。所有8所學(xué)校收到的捐款總值都超過(guò)10億美元,而除了布朗大學(xué)之外其他7所學(xué)校都收到幾十億美元捐款。其中哈佛大學(xué)的捐款總額達(dá)到193億美元,是全球最富有的大學(xué);耶魯大學(xué)列第二,捐款總額也達(dá)到110億美元。哈佛在波士頓地區(qū)擁有總面積達(dá)1.8平方公里的土地,而哥倫比亞大學(xué)是紐約市第二大地主,它的土地價(jià)值可能是全世界大學(xué)中的。
The Ivy League athletic conference, founded in 1954, consists of eight private institutions of higher education located in the eastern United States. The term, with its connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a certain amount of academic elitism, dates back to at least 1935.
On December 3, 1937, the first major effort to formally organize the league was made by editors of seven student-run dailies at universities in the Eastern United States. They made a concerted effort for "the formation of an Ivy League" by simultaneously running an editorial, entitled "Now Is the Time", after having held one-month-long discussions about the proposal.
All of the Ivy League institutions share some general characteristics: They are among the most prestigious and selective schools in the U.S., they consistently place close to the top of college and university rankings; they rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment; they attract top-tier students and faculty; and they have relatively small undergraduate populations, ranging between 4,078 for Dartmouth College and 13,700 for Cornell University and modestly sized graduate student populations, ranging between 1,666 for Dartmouth and 14,692 for Columbia. Seven of the eight schools (Cornell University being the exception) were founded during America's colonial period. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States. Notably, the Ivies also prohibit the offering of athletic scholarships to students in most cases; this ban differentiates Ivy teams from those of schools that permit students to receive scholarships to attend or to join a team.
The Ivy League institutions are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments to pursue research, only Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed statutory colleges, that are an integral part of the institution.
所有的常春藤盟校都是私立大學(xué),雖然它們大多也接受聯(lián)邦政府資助以鼓勵(lì)學(xué)術(shù)研究。例如常春藤之一的康奈爾大學(xué)就有4所學(xué)院是完全由政府支持的。
成員
八所常春藤盟校是:
布朗大學(xué)(Brown University):位于羅德島州,1764年成立,前身是羅德島學(xué)院;
哥倫比亞大學(xué)(Columbia University):位于紐約市,1754年成立,前身是國(guó)王學(xué)院;
康乃爾大學(xué)(Cornell University):位于紐約州,1865年成立;
達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院(Dartmouth College):位于新罕布什爾州,1769年成立;
哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard University):位于馬薩諸塞州,1636年成立;
賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)(University of Pennsylvania):位于費(fèi)城,1740年成立,前身為賓夕法尼亞學(xué)院;
普林斯頓大學(xué)(Princeton University):位于新澤西州,1746年成立,前身是新澤西學(xué)院;
耶魯大學(xué)(Yale University):位于康涅狄格州,1701年成立;
歷史
常春藤聯(lián)盟最早指的是非正式的大學(xué)橄欖球賽事,起源于1900年,當(dāng)年耶魯大學(xué)捧得首個(gè)冠軍。多年來(lái)美國(guó)陸軍和空軍也曾參加過(guò)常春藤的橄欖球比賽,但是在聯(lián)盟正式成立前不久退出。
1937年紐約的《先驅(qū)論壇報(bào)》首次用長(zhǎng)在墻上的常春藤的比喻來(lái)形容這些參加橄欖球比賽的學(xué)校;1945年8所大學(xué)的體育教練們簽署了首個(gè)常春藤協(xié)議,為8支參賽的橄欖球隊(duì)設(shè)立了學(xué)術(shù)、財(cái)政和運(yùn)動(dòng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1954年這項(xiàng)協(xié)議被擴(kuò)展到其他所有運(yùn)動(dòng),該年也被認(rèn)為是常春藤聯(lián)盟正式成立的年份。
聲譽(yù)
幾乎所有的常春藤盟校都以苛刻的入學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)著稱,近年來(lái)尤其如此:在過(guò)去的10多年里常春藤盟校的錄取率正在下降。很多學(xué)校還在特別的領(lǐng)域內(nèi)擁有很高的學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù),例如:
哥倫比亞大學(xué)的法學(xué)院、商學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院和新聞學(xué)院;
康乃爾大學(xué)的酒店管理學(xué)院和工程學(xué)院;
達(dá)特茅斯學(xué)院的塔克商學(xué)院(Tuck School of Business);
哈佛大學(xué)的商學(xué)院、法學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、教育學(xué)院和肯尼迪管理學(xué)院;
賓州大學(xué)的沃頓商學(xué)院、醫(yī)學(xué)院、護(hù)理學(xué)院、法學(xué)院和教育學(xué)院;
普林斯頓大學(xué)的伍德魯·威爾遜公共與國(guó)際事務(wù)學(xué)院;
耶魯大學(xué)的法學(xué)院、藝術(shù)學(xué)院、音樂(lè)學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院;
捐贈(zèng)
由于其悠久的歷史和所培養(yǎng)出的精英人材,常春藤盟校是全世界接受捐款最多的大學(xué)。所有8所學(xué)校收到的捐款總值都超過(guò)10億美元,而除了布朗大學(xué)之外其他7所學(xué)校都收到幾十億美元捐款。其中哈佛大學(xué)的捐款總額達(dá)到193億美元,是全球最富有的大學(xué);耶魯大學(xué)列第二,捐款總額也達(dá)到110億美元。哈佛在波士頓地區(qū)擁有總面積達(dá)1.8平方公里的土地,而哥倫比亞大學(xué)是紐約市第二大地主,它的土地價(jià)值可能是全世界大學(xué)中的。
The Ivy League athletic conference, founded in 1954, consists of eight private institutions of higher education located in the eastern United States. The term, with its connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a certain amount of academic elitism, dates back to at least 1935.
On December 3, 1937, the first major effort to formally organize the league was made by editors of seven student-run dailies at universities in the Eastern United States. They made a concerted effort for "the formation of an Ivy League" by simultaneously running an editorial, entitled "Now Is the Time", after having held one-month-long discussions about the proposal.
All of the Ivy League institutions share some general characteristics: They are among the most prestigious and selective schools in the U.S., they consistently place close to the top of college and university rankings; they rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment; they attract top-tier students and faculty; and they have relatively small undergraduate populations, ranging between 4,078 for Dartmouth College and 13,700 for Cornell University and modestly sized graduate student populations, ranging between 1,666 for Dartmouth and 14,692 for Columbia. Seven of the eight schools (Cornell University being the exception) were founded during America's colonial period. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States. Notably, the Ivies also prohibit the offering of athletic scholarships to students in most cases; this ban differentiates Ivy teams from those of schools that permit students to receive scholarships to attend or to join a team.
The Ivy League institutions are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments to pursue research, only Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed statutory colleges, that are an integral part of the institution.