第一節(jié)聽力指導(dǎo)對(duì)話題型分析及技巧

字號(hào):

應(yīng)試技巧一:通過預(yù)覽選擇項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)話涉及的內(nèi)容和將會(huì)提出的問題。來源:www.examda.com
    一般來說,考生可以通過四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)判斷出以下對(duì)話類型:①數(shù)字與計(jì)算;②地點(diǎn)與場(chǎng)所;③身份與人物關(guān)系;④行為與打算;⑤原因。下面我們通過實(shí)例,看看如何通過選擇項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)將提出的問題類型。
    數(shù)字計(jì)算
    這類題往往涉及對(duì)對(duì)話中所提到的若干數(shù)字的判別,或需經(jīng)過簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算回答有關(guān)價(jià)格、數(shù)量、時(shí)間、年齡等問題。
    [例1]
    W: I had prepared dinner for eight people before Mary called and said that she and her husband could not make it.
    M: Thats all right. Im just going to tell you I have invited Tom and his girlfriend.
    Q: How many people are coming to the dinner?
    A) Six.B) Seven.C) Eight.D)Nine.
    [分析]從四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)都是數(shù)字看,該對(duì)話涉及數(shù)量或數(shù)量的計(jì)算??深A(yù)測(cè)的問題為“How many ...?” 通過對(duì)話錄音可知答案為C。
    地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所
    這類題往往涉及對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)所,或某人現(xiàn)在所處的地點(diǎn),也可能是將要去的地點(diǎn)。解答這類題的技巧在于抓住對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的與特定地點(diǎn)密切相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)。
    [例2]
    M: The Golden Lion sounds like a nice place to eat.
    W: OK, lets go there. I hear they have a complete menu and a warm atmosphere.
    Q: Where are the man and woman going?
    A) To the beach. B) To a play.
    C) To a movie theatre. D) To a restaurant.
    [分析]瀏覽四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng),可知對(duì)話的提問為“去什么地方?”根據(jù)雙方的對(duì)話,尤其是對(duì)話中所出現(xiàn)的“menu”“eat”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞可確認(rèn)答案應(yīng)為D。
    [例3]
    M: Ive just got back from the holiday you arranged for me. But I must tell you the hotel was really awful. It was miles from the sea. The food was awful two. The bedroom was dirty.
    W: Sorry about that. But its really not our fault. The contract does say that the hotel accomodation is not our responsibility.
    Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?
    A) At the airport. B) In a travel agency.
    C) In a hotel. D) At the reception.
    [分析]該題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)為四個(gè)不同的場(chǎng)所,所以要特別關(guān)注對(duì)話中的內(nèi)容、詞語(yǔ)與哪一個(gè)場(chǎng)所有關(guān)。參照兩者的對(duì)話,尤其是該女子的話“合同上說旅館住宿不是我們的責(zé)任”,可知這是家旅行社。答案自然為B。
    身份人物關(guān)系
    這類對(duì)話常常要求考生根據(jù)雙方對(duì)話的內(nèi)容,判斷某人的身份、職業(yè),或判斷對(duì)話雙方的關(guān)系。
    [例4]
    W: Could you please tell me if Flight 858 from San Francisco will be on time?
    M: Yes, madam. It should be arriving in about 10 minutes.
    Q: Who do you think the woman is talking to ?
    A) A clerk at the airport information desk.
    B) A clerk at the railway station information desk.
    C) A policeman.
    D) A taxidriver.
    [分析]從選擇項(xiàng)即可判斷對(duì)話涉及的問題為身份或職業(yè)。提問方式可能是“Who is .../Whats the mans job?” 從女子問話中所使用的“Flight”一詞,可知在機(jī)場(chǎng)。因此,男子為機(jī)場(chǎng)工作人員。答案應(yīng)為A。
    行為打算
    這類對(duì)話的問題往往是關(guān)于“誰(在)做什么,或?qū)⒁鍪裁?”其選擇項(xiàng)的表現(xiàn)可以是具有相同主語(yǔ)的含有動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)的句子,也可以是動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu);或者是現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式。
    [例5]
    W: Did you see last nights film on channel 4?
    M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days.
    Q: What did the man do last night?
    A) He watched television with his friend.
    B) He stayed at home talking with his friend.
    C) He wanted to see a film with his friend.
    D) He went to see his schoolmate.
    [分析]此題從選擇項(xiàng)上可大致預(yù)測(cè)其可能提出的問題為“他做了什么?”所以在聽的時(shí)候要注意判斷“他”到底做了什么事情。答案為B。來源:www.examda.com
    原因
    涉及提問原因的對(duì)話,其選擇項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言形式表現(xiàn)多種多樣。從選擇項(xiàng)上能夠確切地判斷為原因類的只有四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都用“Because”的。除此之外,原因類的對(duì)話,其選擇項(xiàng)常以句子,不定式形式出現(xiàn),但這時(shí)我們難以確定的預(yù)測(cè),所提問題就是針對(duì)原因的。
    [例6]
    M: Isnt it rather cold outside, Sally?
    W: It is a bit, but I cant stand the terrible smoke inside. Id rather stay here if you dont mind.
    Q: Why does the woman want to stay outside?
    A) Because she feels very hot in the room.
    B) Because she wants to avoid meeting people.
    C) Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside.
    D) Because she doesnt like the smell of smoke inside.
    [分析]本題是典型的涉及原因類的對(duì)話。從選擇項(xiàng)上可直觀地做出判斷,其所提問題將是“Why...?”正確答案為D。
    應(yīng)試技巧二:要善于理解間接表達(dá)法或會(huì)話的交際含義,即理解話語(yǔ)的言下之意。
    [例7]
    M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for this summer?
    W: She is counting the days.
    Q: What does the woman imply?
    A) Jane is looking for a summer job.
    B) Jane is packing for the summer vacation.
    C) Jane is on her way home.
    D) Jane is eager to go home for the vacation.
    [分析]對(duì)話中女子的應(yīng)答句“She is counting the days”不能只從字面理解,其言下之意為“珍妮急于回家”,選擇項(xiàng)D符合這一意思。
    理解言外之意
    [例8]
    W:We are informed that the eleven thirty train is late again.
    M:Why did the railway company even bother to print a schedule?
    Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
    A) The train seldom arrives on time.
    B) The schedule has been misprinted.
    C) The speakers arrived at the station late.
    D) The company has trouble printing a schedule.
    [分析]對(duì)話中女子說我們被告知11點(diǎn)半的火車又晚點(diǎn)了。男子回答:“鐵路公司何苦搞什么時(shí)刻表???”其言外之意是鐵路公司搞出了時(shí)刻表,但又不準(zhǔn),跟沒有沒什么兩樣,根據(jù)此意,A選項(xiàng)(火車很少準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到達(dá))符合此意,故正確。
    注意表達(dá)建議的句型
    [例9]
    W:This is hopeless. These figures still dont add up right. Lets do the calculations over again.
    M:Yes. But why not do them tomorrow? Its very late now.
    Q: What does the woman suggest they do?
    A) Check the figures later today.
    B) Do the calculations again tomorrow.
    C) Bring a calculator tomorrow.
    D) Calculate the number right now.來源:www.examda.com
    [分析]問題問女方建議他們做什么?從對(duì)話女方應(yīng)答Why not do them tomorrow?我們可獲知女方建議明天做,why not do sth.?為表達(dá)建議的常用句式,選擇項(xiàng)B符合此意,為正確答案。
    二、 短文題型的應(yīng)試技巧
    應(yīng)試技巧一:綜合預(yù)覽涉及某篇材料的幾道題的選擇項(xiàng),這樣可大致推斷聽力材料的體裁、話題。若所聽材料為敘述文,就要留心其中人物、事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等,即五個(gè)w(who, what, when, where, why)。若所聽材料為說明文,就要注意說明的對(duì)象及其各個(gè)方面,并注意把握主題句。另外,預(yù)覽選擇項(xiàng)還可幫助我們預(yù)測(cè)問題的大致方向,使我們?cè)诼牭臅r(shí)候能分清主次,有的放矢,記住與問題相關(guān)的信息。
    應(yīng)試技巧二:全神貫注,整體把握。短文與對(duì)話相比,內(nèi)容多,句子比較長(zhǎng),因此在聽的過程中要善于捕捉重要信息,把握材料的邏輯脈絡(luò)。不要因?yàn)槟骋粏卧~或局部的某一點(diǎn)未聽清而猶豫。正確的做法應(yīng)該是繼續(xù)往下聽,積極地思考,從整體上把握材料的內(nèi)容。
    應(yīng)試技巧三:邊聽邊記,用簡(jiǎn)單的文字或符號(hào)記下主要信息或情節(jié)。注意,記筆記時(shí)應(yīng)有針對(duì)性和選擇性,特別是與選擇項(xiàng)有關(guān)的信息,可及時(shí)記在旁邊。
    三、復(fù)合式聽寫
    應(yīng)試技巧
    (一) 在做復(fù)合式聽寫時(shí),應(yīng)充分利用所提供的書面文字,判斷檢查所填的詞或句子是否與上下文相吻合,語(yǔ)法上是否正確。如單詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、詞性、現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過去時(shí)等都可憑借上下文得到確定。
    (二) 對(duì)復(fù)合式聽寫的后三個(gè)句子,若可能的話,盡量按原文寫出。若某個(gè)單詞未聽清,或拼寫不出,沒有把握,可換詞或改變表達(dá)方式??傊?,要盡量忠實(shí)地表達(dá)原文的意思而不出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。如果因句子較長(zhǎng)而無法準(zhǔn)確抓住每個(gè)詞,應(yīng)力爭(zhēng)聽懂句意,記下要點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),然后試用自己的話表達(dá)。
    (三) 復(fù)合式聽寫共念三遍,其中第一遍為全文朗讀,填空處無停頓,這時(shí)考生應(yīng)以聽為主,借助文字材料理解和把握全篇內(nèi)容和脈絡(luò),順便填寫有把握的單詞,記一點(diǎn)筆記。第二遍時(shí),要盡量記住所聽的句子的各個(gè)意群,并快速記下。第三遍時(shí),著重彌補(bǔ)未聽清的部分,并檢查有無錯(cuò)誤。
    (四) 邊聽邊記,動(dòng)用一切手段在最短時(shí)間內(nèi)記下最多關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞一般為實(shí)詞如名、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等,如在句子“It can be influenced by a variety of factors, including how much you weigh or how that weight is distributed.”中influence, factors, how much, weigh, distributed要比variety, can, by, or等詞更關(guān)鍵。記下關(guān)鍵詞有各種不同方法,但其共同原則就是盡量簡(jiǎn)化,自己能辨認(rèn)就行。如可用rmb代表remember;用v代表victory;cf代表compare;esp代表especially; conflict 可用〉〈符號(hào)來表示,總之,做好復(fù)合式聽寫,考生需多多實(shí)踐,養(yǎng)成邊聽邊記的習(xí)慣。
    考題評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來源:www.examda.com
    (一) 復(fù)合式聽寫要求考生在聽懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上,用聽到的原文填寫空缺的單詞,以及用聽到的原文或用自己的語(yǔ)言正確地回答問題。
    (二) 給分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
    1S1至S7每題為05分。拼寫完全正確的單詞給05分,凡有錯(cuò)不給分。
    2S8、S9滿分各為2分,答出全部?jī)?nèi)容且語(yǔ)言正確得2分,答出部分內(nèi)容且語(yǔ)言正確得1分。
    3S10滿分為25分,答出第二部分和第三部分內(nèi)容且語(yǔ)言正確各得1分,答出第一部分內(nèi)容且語(yǔ)言正確得05分。
    4沒有答對(duì)問題得0分。
    (三) 扣分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):
    1S8至S10題中凡有語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤扣05分,每題語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤扣分不超過05分。
    2S8至S10題中凡有與問題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容扣05分。
    3用漢語(yǔ)回答問題不給分。
    四、聽寫填空
    應(yīng)試技巧
    (一) 快速瀏覽聽寫填空的書面材料,了解大致內(nèi)容。這有助于考生在聽的時(shí)候更快地聽懂所缺的信息。
    (二) 聽第一遍時(shí),重在聽懂缺失部分信息,順便寫出較容易的部分,或速記下某些部分,如只記下單詞前一兩個(gè)字母。第二遍要確切地聽清每一個(gè)詞并快速記下。遇有拼寫形式無把握的詞時(shí)不要遲疑,先大致拼一下,繼續(xù)寫后面的詞。最后一遍重在對(duì)照、檢查所填寫的部分有無遺漏的詞,特別要注意冠詞等不重讀的詞以及一些因連讀、失爆等語(yǔ)音變化而聽不清的詞有無遺漏。來源:www.examda.com
    (三) 由于聽寫填空所缺詞語(yǔ)多為一個(gè)句子的某一部分,與書面材料上已有的部分有密切的語(yǔ)法、語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系,因此,聽寫后可檢查一下所填詞語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法意思上與整個(gè)句子是否吻合。例如,名詞復(fù)數(shù)和動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)詞尾s/es,動(dòng)詞過去式ed,比較級(jí)詞尾er等,在聽的過程中往往容易忽略,通過檢查可以糾正過來。