錯(cuò)誤類型
1.邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤 2.介詞使用錯(cuò)誤 3.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 5.主謂語(yǔ)前后不一致錯(cuò)誤 6.名詞的錯(cuò)誤 7.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 8.冠詞的錯(cuò)誤 9.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤 10.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的使用錯(cuò)誤 11.易混淆詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
一、邏輯表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤
邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤是由于某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)而造成文章在語(yǔ)義上前后不一致或者矛盾的錯(cuò)誤類型,具有難度大、不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)。這類錯(cuò)誤往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力的基礎(chǔ)上方可解答。一般來(lái)說(shuō),邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤包括兩種類型。
第一種是反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,常見(jiàn)的這類錯(cuò)誤有:①派生反義詞,如:encourage-discourage,load-unload,satisfy-dissatisfy等;②互補(bǔ)性反義詞,如:dead-alive,boy-girl,man-woman,male-female,brother-sister,married-single等;③換位性反義詞,如:buy-sell,give-receive,lend-borrow,husband-wife,parent-child,left-right等;④相對(duì)性反義詞,如:easy-hard,big-small,cold-hot,old-young,wide-narrow,love-hate等;⑤按上下文語(yǔ)義,行中多用了not或no,或必須添上not或no。
第二種是連接詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,包括:①并列連詞,如:and,but,for,or等;②主從連詞,這類詞較多,如:because,(al)though,if,unless,before,after,until,as,while,whereas等;③連接性副詞,如:however,moreover,besides,nevertheless,then,thus等;④連接性介詞,如:because of,despite,besides,instead of等。
例1
Recently more and more attention has been focused
on the problem of preserving the environment.
The fact that a Government Ministry called the
Department of the Environment has been created
shows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________
Many other countries have established similar organizations.
這段文章,所要表達(dá)的意思是:人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的重視,并成立了環(huán)境部,從而意在說(shuō)明環(huán)境這個(gè)問(wèn)題是多么的重要。顯而易見(jiàn),該處的unimportant應(yīng)該改為具有肯定意義的important。此處錯(cuò)誤屬于第一種,即反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
例2
In our society all kinds of work are equally important.
For example, the work of a completely uneducated
farmer is in some sense more important than that of a
professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________
have no food. This is a simple truth that everybody
believes. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. __________
rubbish away from our house, we would get terrible
diseases in our towns.
在這段文章,第一處要表達(dá)的意思是:農(nóng)民的工作在某種程度上甚至比教授還重要,這是因?yàn)椴皇芙逃覀冋諛幽芑钕氯?,但是沒(méi)有食物我們卻無(wú)法存活。因此應(yīng)該將so改為but,這樣才符合文章的邏輯。第二處錯(cuò)誤,咋看似乎是一個(gè)讓步從句,然而后文卻毫無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折之意,其實(shí)它是一個(gè)條件式虛擬語(yǔ)句,應(yīng)該將although改為if。這兩處錯(cuò)誤均屬于邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤中的第二種,即連接詞使用錯(cuò)誤。這類錯(cuò)誤比較第一種錯(cuò)誤來(lái)說(shuō),重在考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用方面。
通過(guò)例題以及解答不難看出,邏輯錯(cuò)誤主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)整篇文章的理解,一般不容易第一眼便發(fā)現(xiàn),只有我們讀完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。
1.邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤 2.介詞使用錯(cuò)誤 3.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 4.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 5.主謂語(yǔ)前后不一致錯(cuò)誤 6.名詞的錯(cuò)誤 7.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 8.冠詞的錯(cuò)誤 9.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤 10.時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的使用錯(cuò)誤 11.易混淆詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
一、邏輯表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤
邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤是由于某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)而造成文章在語(yǔ)義上前后不一致或者矛盾的錯(cuò)誤類型,具有難度大、不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)。這類錯(cuò)誤往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言綜合應(yīng)用能力的基礎(chǔ)上方可解答。一般來(lái)說(shuō),邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤包括兩種類型。
第一種是反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,常見(jiàn)的這類錯(cuò)誤有:①派生反義詞,如:encourage-discourage,load-unload,satisfy-dissatisfy等;②互補(bǔ)性反義詞,如:dead-alive,boy-girl,man-woman,male-female,brother-sister,married-single等;③換位性反義詞,如:buy-sell,give-receive,lend-borrow,husband-wife,parent-child,left-right等;④相對(duì)性反義詞,如:easy-hard,big-small,cold-hot,old-young,wide-narrow,love-hate等;⑤按上下文語(yǔ)義,行中多用了not或no,或必須添上not或no。
第二種是連接詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,包括:①并列連詞,如:and,but,for,or等;②主從連詞,這類詞較多,如:because,(al)though,if,unless,before,after,until,as,while,whereas等;③連接性副詞,如:however,moreover,besides,nevertheless,then,thus等;④連接性介詞,如:because of,despite,besides,instead of等。
例1
Recently more and more attention has been focused
on the problem of preserving the environment.
The fact that a Government Ministry called the
Department of the Environment has been created
shows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________
Many other countries have established similar organizations.
這段文章,所要表達(dá)的意思是:人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的重視,并成立了環(huán)境部,從而意在說(shuō)明環(huán)境這個(gè)問(wèn)題是多么的重要。顯而易見(jiàn),該處的unimportant應(yīng)該改為具有肯定意義的important。此處錯(cuò)誤屬于第一種,即反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
例2
In our society all kinds of work are equally important.
For example, the work of a completely uneducated
farmer is in some sense more important than that of a
professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________
have no food. This is a simple truth that everybody
believes. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. __________
rubbish away from our house, we would get terrible
diseases in our towns.
在這段文章,第一處要表達(dá)的意思是:農(nóng)民的工作在某種程度上甚至比教授還重要,這是因?yàn)椴皇芙逃覀冋諛幽芑钕氯?,但是沒(méi)有食物我們卻無(wú)法存活。因此應(yīng)該將so改為but,這樣才符合文章的邏輯。第二處錯(cuò)誤,咋看似乎是一個(gè)讓步從句,然而后文卻毫無(wú)轉(zhuǎn)折之意,其實(shí)它是一個(gè)條件式虛擬語(yǔ)句,應(yīng)該將although改為if。這兩處錯(cuò)誤均屬于邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤中的第二種,即連接詞使用錯(cuò)誤。這類錯(cuò)誤比較第一種錯(cuò)誤來(lái)說(shuō),重在考查考生對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的應(yīng)用方面。
通過(guò)例題以及解答不難看出,邏輯錯(cuò)誤主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)整篇文章的理解,一般不容易第一眼便發(fā)現(xiàn),只有我們讀完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。

