十一、易混淆詞的使用錯誤
英語詞匯中有很多詞在拼寫上、語義上很相似，如 assure/ensure ， rise/arise/raise ， effect/affect ，但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。這些易混淆的詞構(gòu)成六級改錯的一個重要錯誤類型，也是比較難的一種類型，這個需要考生在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意知識的積累，并多做些總結(jié)和歸納，從中找出一些規(guī)律。
例 1
His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 1.__________
句中“ award ”是“頒發(fā)，授予（獎賞）”之義，而文中要表達的意思是“汽車終于啟動了，那就是對他堅持不懈精神的回報”，應(yīng)把 award 改成 reward 。
例 2
Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared
to put up with in the name of better health is a highly
personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors 1.__________
alone.
“ remain ”意為“保持，仍然”，是一個表示狀態(tài)的動詞，其用法和系動詞“ be ”相似，后面所接成分一般是名詞或形容詞，作表語，而“ leave sth. to sb. ”意思是“把某物留給某人”。本句很明顯是“ leave…to… ”的句型，所以應(yīng)該把 remain 改為 leave 。
例 3
Of course the press means more than newspaper. A vast
amount of magazines are published, aimed at readers 1.__________
interested in all sorts of subjects.
因為 amount 表示數(shù)量時只與不可數(shù)名詞連用，而本句中后面所接名詞為“ magazines ”，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)該使用表示復(fù)數(shù)形式的 number ，故應(yīng)該把 amount 改為 number 。
例 4
Today, flint has small importance as an industrial product. 1.__________
“ small ”用于表示人或物的體積尺寸，不能修飾抽象名詞 importance ，因此應(yīng)把 small 改為可以修飾不可數(shù)抽象名詞的 little 。
練習(xí)題:
1 Industry officials predicted that mobile communications
service will soon be comparative in many respects to the 1.__________
service provided by telephone that do not move.
2 In today’s society, “Smoking effects your health” has 2.__________
become a warning which is known to almost every house hold.
3 For his outstanding achievements in graduate teaching
he is held in big esteem by his students and colleagues. 3.__________
4 Supersonic craft may disturb the upper atmosphere to
such an extent that dangerous radiation from the sun might
reach the earth, with unimaginative effects on life there. 4.__________
5 In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were not 5.__________
much changed from what they had been in the old days.
6 Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared
to put up with in the name o better health is a high personal 6.__________
matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 7.__________
7 Whenever the subject of smoking and health is risen, 8.__________
the governments of most countries hears no evil, see no evil
and smell no evil.
8 If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more
attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen
that faculty by every possible mean, and on every possible 9.__________
occasion.
9 The government of most countries spending huge sum of
money for international defense. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. comparative→comparable。當僅僅表達“比較的，比較性的”意思，而沒有涉及到具體的比較時，應(yīng)該用第一個詞，但是當設(shè)計到具體的兩者之間的比較時，則應(yīng)該使用comparable。此句屬于第二種情況。
2. effects→affects?！癳ffect”當作為動詞使用時，表示“產(chǎn)生，引起，實現(xiàn)”的意思，作為名詞時才是“影響，效果”，顯然不符合，應(yīng)該使用affect，意思是“影響”。
3. big→high。
4. unimaginative→unimaginable。該句中所要表達的是“難以想象的”，而unimaginative是“沒有想像力的”意思，不符合句意。
5. nineteen→nineteenth。
6. high→highly。
7. remain→leave。
8. risen→raised。
9. mean→means。
10. international→national。表示“國防”的意思時應(yīng)該使用national defense。
英語詞匯中有很多詞在拼寫上、語義上很相似，如 assure/ensure ， rise/arise/raise ， effect/affect ，但是它們的用法卻迥然不同。這些易混淆的詞構(gòu)成六級改錯的一個重要錯誤類型，也是比較難的一種類型，這個需要考生在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意知識的積累，并多做些總結(jié)和歸納，從中找出一些規(guī)律。
例 1
His persistence was awarded when the car finally started. 1.__________
句中“ award ”是“頒發(fā)，授予（獎賞）”之義，而文中要表達的意思是“汽車終于啟動了，那就是對他堅持不懈精神的回報”，應(yīng)把 award 改成 reward 。
例 2
Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared
to put up with in the name of better health is a highly
personal matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors 1.__________
alone.
“ remain ”意為“保持，仍然”，是一個表示狀態(tài)的動詞，其用法和系動詞“ be ”相似，后面所接成分一般是名詞或形容詞，作表語，而“ leave sth. to sb. ”意思是“把某物留給某人”。本句很明顯是“ leave…to… ”的句型，所以應(yīng)該把 remain 改為 leave 。
例 3
Of course the press means more than newspaper. A vast
amount of magazines are published, aimed at readers 1.__________
interested in all sorts of subjects.
因為 amount 表示數(shù)量時只與不可數(shù)名詞連用，而本句中后面所接名詞為“ magazines ”，是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)該使用表示復(fù)數(shù)形式的 number ，故應(yīng)該把 amount 改為 number 。
例 4
Today, flint has small importance as an industrial product. 1.__________
“ small ”用于表示人或物的體積尺寸，不能修飾抽象名詞 importance ，因此應(yīng)把 small 改為可以修飾不可數(shù)抽象名詞的 little 。
練習(xí)題:
1 Industry officials predicted that mobile communications
service will soon be comparative in many respects to the 1.__________
service provided by telephone that do not move.
2 In today’s society, “Smoking effects your health” has 2.__________
become a warning which is known to almost every house hold.
3 For his outstanding achievements in graduate teaching
he is held in big esteem by his students and colleagues. 3.__________
4 Supersonic craft may disturb the upper atmosphere to
such an extent that dangerous radiation from the sun might
reach the earth, with unimaginative effects on life there. 4.__________
5 In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were not 5.__________
much changed from what they had been in the old days.
6 Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are prepared
to put up with in the name o better health is a high personal 6.__________
matter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 7.__________
7 Whenever the subject of smoking and health is risen, 8.__________
the governments of most countries hears no evil, see no evil
and smell no evil.
8 If I were to live my life over again, I would pay more
attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen
that faculty by every possible mean, and on every possible 9.__________
occasion.
9 The government of most countries spending huge sum of
money for international defense. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. comparative→comparable。當僅僅表達“比較的，比較性的”意思，而沒有涉及到具體的比較時，應(yīng)該用第一個詞，但是當設(shè)計到具體的兩者之間的比較時，則應(yīng)該使用comparable。此句屬于第二種情況。
2. effects→affects?！癳ffect”當作為動詞使用時，表示“產(chǎn)生，引起，實現(xiàn)”的意思，作為名詞時才是“影響，效果”，顯然不符合，應(yīng)該使用affect，意思是“影響”。
3. big→high。
4. unimaginative→unimaginable。該句中所要表達的是“難以想象的”，而unimaginative是“沒有想像力的”意思，不符合句意。
5. nineteen→nineteenth。
6. high→highly。
7. remain→leave。
8. risen→raised。
9. mean→means。
10. international→national。表示“國防”的意思時應(yīng)該使用national defense。