七、冠詞的使用錯誤
冠詞是英語限定詞中最主要的一種，有且僅有兩種形式：不定冠詞 a （或者 an ）和定冠詞 the 。但是冠詞又是英語中最為常用的詞類，而且由于漢語中沒有與之對應(yīng)的詞類，所以考生對冠詞的用法的掌握尤感困難。冠詞的使用錯誤一般包括如下情況：
1. 該用冠詞時漏用，如 all of sudden → all of a sudden ， tell truth → tell the truth ；
2. 不該用冠詞時贅用，如 in the contrast → in contrast ， give a rise to → give rise to ； keep a pace with → keep pace with ；
3. the 與 a/an 誤用，如 on a whole → on the whole ；
4. a 與 an 混用，如 a “ s ” sign → an “ s ” sign ， to a extent → to an extent ， a honor → an honor 。
例 1
We were very much surprised that the village
was such long way from the main road. 1.__________
在“ such+a(an)+ 形容詞 + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定冠詞不能省略，所以應(yīng)該在 such 后加上不定冠詞 a 。
例 2
“I considered it a honor to be invited to address 1.__________
the meeting of world-famous scientists,” said
professor Johnson.
“ honor ”雖然首字母為 h ，卻是一個以元音開頭的單詞，顯然應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞 an ，這類題一般出現(xiàn)頻率較少，卻也容易犯錯，在改錯題應(yīng)該格外注意，不容出錯。
例 3
The nude human body at the rest must begin to 1.__________
combat a lowering of body temperature when the
air temperature stands at approximately 31.0℃．
“ at rest ”為習(xí)慣用語，表示“處于休息狀態(tài)”的意思，中間不用任何冠詞，故應(yīng)該將 the 刪去。
例 4
Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long
time. Though they have learned great deal, they still 1.__________
have not discovered the causes of volcanic action.
“ a great deal ”表示“大量的，許多的”的意思，后面接不可數(shù)名詞，此為習(xí)慣用法，前面不定冠詞 a 不能省略。
練習(xí)題
1 They know that the inside of the earth is very
hot, but they are not sure what causes the great heat.
Some scientists now believe that much of heat 1.__________
inside the earth is provided by the radioactive
elements.
2 Communications satellites have made it possible
for an entire world be closer than ever before. 2.__________
3 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light to
be seen far away, but if it is too high, it has more
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it
is always true to say that the higher it is better. 3.__________
4 Scientists have suggested that supersonic
aircraft may disturb the upper atmosphere to
such extent that dangerous radiation from the 4.__________
sun might reach the earth.
5 Nowadays, higher education does not make
as much difference to the jobs women take as
it does in case of men. 5.__________
6 More than 90 percent of cigarette smoke is
made up of about dozen hazardous gases, 6.__________
carbon monoxide being the most important.
7 Primates are also known for their great
intelligence, related in a part to their great 7.__________
awareness of the environment plus the ability
to manipulate this environment
8 This tendency of technology to make workers
superfluous but at same time allowing 8.__________
their numbers to grow so large is deceasing
psychological tensions.
9 Most of the dollar differences stem from fact 9.__________
that women tend to be more recently employed
and have fewer years on the job.
10 This island is to south of North Korea. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. heat前加the。因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)過了heat，所以此處為特指。
2. an→the?！皌he entire world”為習(xí)慣用法，表示“全世界，整個世界”，因?yàn)槭澜缡仟?dú)一無二的，所以不能使用不定冠詞，必須改為定冠詞。
3. better前加the。
4. such前加an。
5. case前加the?！癷n case of”表示“萬一”的意思，顯然不符合原句意思，應(yīng)該改為“in the case of”意為“在……情況下”。
6. dozen前加a。
7. a刪去?！癷n part”表示“部分”的意思，中間不需要任何冠詞。
8. at和same之間加the。
9. from和fact之間加the?！癴act”后面接同位語從句，所以此處定指。
10. to后面加the。
冠詞是英語限定詞中最主要的一種，有且僅有兩種形式：不定冠詞 a （或者 an ）和定冠詞 the 。但是冠詞又是英語中最為常用的詞類，而且由于漢語中沒有與之對應(yīng)的詞類，所以考生對冠詞的用法的掌握尤感困難。冠詞的使用錯誤一般包括如下情況：
1. 該用冠詞時漏用，如 all of sudden → all of a sudden ， tell truth → tell the truth ；
2. 不該用冠詞時贅用，如 in the contrast → in contrast ， give a rise to → give rise to ； keep a pace with → keep pace with ；
3. the 與 a/an 誤用，如 on a whole → on the whole ；
4. a 與 an 混用，如 a “ s ” sign → an “ s ” sign ， to a extent → to an extent ， a honor → an honor 。
例 1
We were very much surprised that the village
was such long way from the main road. 1.__________
在“ such+a(an)+ 形容詞 + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定冠詞不能省略，所以應(yīng)該在 such 后加上不定冠詞 a 。
例 2
“I considered it a honor to be invited to address 1.__________
the meeting of world-famous scientists,” said
professor Johnson.
“ honor ”雖然首字母為 h ，卻是一個以元音開頭的單詞，顯然應(yīng)該使用不定冠詞 an ，這類題一般出現(xiàn)頻率較少，卻也容易犯錯，在改錯題應(yīng)該格外注意，不容出錯。
例 3
The nude human body at the rest must begin to 1.__________
combat a lowering of body temperature when the
air temperature stands at approximately 31.0℃．
“ at rest ”為習(xí)慣用語，表示“處于休息狀態(tài)”的意思，中間不用任何冠詞，故應(yīng)該將 the 刪去。
例 4
Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long
time. Though they have learned great deal, they still 1.__________
have not discovered the causes of volcanic action.
“ a great deal ”表示“大量的，許多的”的意思，后面接不可數(shù)名詞，此為習(xí)慣用法，前面不定冠詞 a 不能省略。
練習(xí)題
1 They know that the inside of the earth is very
hot, but they are not sure what causes the great heat.
Some scientists now believe that much of heat 1.__________
inside the earth is provided by the radioactive
elements.
2 Communications satellites have made it possible
for an entire world be closer than ever before. 2.__________
3 A lighthouse must be high enough for its light to
be seen far away, but if it is too high, it has more
possibility to be destroyed by high wind; so it
is always true to say that the higher it is better. 3.__________
4 Scientists have suggested that supersonic
aircraft may disturb the upper atmosphere to
such extent that dangerous radiation from the 4.__________
sun might reach the earth.
5 Nowadays, higher education does not make
as much difference to the jobs women take as
it does in case of men. 5.__________
6 More than 90 percent of cigarette smoke is
made up of about dozen hazardous gases, 6.__________
carbon monoxide being the most important.
7 Primates are also known for their great
intelligence, related in a part to their great 7.__________
awareness of the environment plus the ability
to manipulate this environment
8 This tendency of technology to make workers
superfluous but at same time allowing 8.__________
their numbers to grow so large is deceasing
psychological tensions.
9 Most of the dollar differences stem from fact 9.__________
that women tend to be more recently employed
and have fewer years on the job.
10 This island is to south of North Korea. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. heat前加the。因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)過了heat，所以此處為特指。
2. an→the?！皌he entire world”為習(xí)慣用法，表示“全世界，整個世界”，因?yàn)槭澜缡仟?dú)一無二的，所以不能使用不定冠詞，必須改為定冠詞。
3. better前加the。
4. such前加an。
5. case前加the?！癷n case of”表示“萬一”的意思，顯然不符合原句意思，應(yīng)該改為“in the case of”意為“在……情況下”。
6. dozen前加a。
7. a刪去?！癷n part”表示“部分”的意思，中間不需要任何冠詞。
8. at和same之間加the。
9. from和fact之間加the?！癴act”后面接同位語從句，所以此處定指。
10. to后面加the。