八、詞性的使用錯(cuò)誤
詞性錯(cuò)誤是最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤之一，通常而言，對(duì)單詞記憶不夠全面以及受到漢語(yǔ)的影響等都會(huì)造成此類錯(cuò)誤的產(chǎn)生。詞性的使用錯(cuò)誤是指文章中單詞的詞性用錯(cuò)，主要表現(xiàn)在名詞形容詞副詞以及動(dòng)詞的使用錯(cuò)誤上，如把名詞錯(cuò)當(dāng)成動(dòng)詞使用，或者把形容詞錯(cuò)當(dāng)成名詞或者該用副詞的地方錯(cuò)用了形容詞等情況，歸納起來(lái)主要涉及三種類型：
1. 名詞與動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤使用 ，如： approval — approve ， sale — sell ； 2. 名詞與形容詞的誤用 ，如： medicine — medical/medicinal ， emotion — emotional ； 3. 形容詞與副詞的誤用 ，如： high — highly ， mere — merely 等。這類錯(cuò)誤還常出現(xiàn)在 be 以外的系動(dòng)詞后，如： feel badly — feel bad ， grow uneasily — grow uneasy 。
例 1
Ideally, of course, the expression of editorial
opinion should be limited on the editorial page
and the news articles should be objective
— telling the fact as complete as possible. 1.__________
該句中complete為形容詞，而在該句中它前面所接詞為動(dòng)詞tell，必須改為副詞形式，故應(yīng)該將complete改為completely。
例2
It is a social prejudice that the work of street
cleaners is thought to be dirty and shame by 1.__________
most people.
根據(jù)上下可知該句中的系動(dòng)詞be后面必須接形容詞，且與前面的dirty并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該將名詞shame改為shameful。
例3
It is true that their work may be dirty, but not
necessary shameful. What would our streets 1.__________
be like if nobody cleared away the rubbish?
該句中shameful為形容詞，前面必須使用副詞修飾，故應(yīng)該將necessary改為necessarily。
例4
Used wise, science may increase our energy and 1.__________
food supply, improve our health, expand our joy
and extend our lives.
該句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是“if it is used wisely, science may… ”，“wisely”修飾過(guò)去分詞“used”，表示“使用得當(dāng)”的意思。所以應(yīng)該將形容詞wise改為副詞形式的wisely。
練習(xí)題
1 Computers have been designed to store information
and compute complex problems. Some computers are
so high advanced that they even can talk with operators. 1.__________
2 The doctor said that I only had to wait for a relative 2.__________
short time before he could have an interview with me.
3 You must make sure that your speech is clear and
easily to follow. Use examples, charts, and pictures if 3.__________
they will help you explain your points clearly. You
should treat your audience with respect.
4 The myth of the country as a Garden of Eden,
a few generations late, sends them flooding out again 4.__________
to the suburbs.
5 In the wild, tea plants become trees of
approximately thirty feet in high. 5.__________
6 Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than 6.__________
common ovens.
7 We are not necessary capable of doing such an 7.__________
exacting job.
8 There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting 8.__________
electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally
dependent on the balance of risks and benefits for the
patients.
9 Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,
swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich
— they can all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, 9.__________
especially when the rewards are high.
10 Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad
one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. high→highly。
2. relative→relatively。
3. easily→easy。在該句中easy緊跟在系動(dòng)詞be之后，與clear并列，即“your speech is clear and easy to follow”。
4. late→later。
5. high→height?！癷n height”表示“在高度上”的意思，為固定搭配，沒有in high的表達(dá)法。
6. costlier→costly。costly是形容詞，意思是昂貴的，它的比較級(jí)是more costly，costlier是錯(cuò)誤形式。
7. necessary→necessarily。
8. medicine→medical。
9. worth前加are。本句有一個(gè)由“when”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句“Clearly some risks worth taking”缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)閣orth是形容詞，一般于“be worth doing”。
10. minutes→minutes’。本句中minutes是名詞，不能直接修飾后面的名詞delay，應(yīng)該用名詞所有格形式。
詞性錯(cuò)誤是最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤之一，通常而言，對(duì)單詞記憶不夠全面以及受到漢語(yǔ)的影響等都會(huì)造成此類錯(cuò)誤的產(chǎn)生。詞性的使用錯(cuò)誤是指文章中單詞的詞性用錯(cuò)，主要表現(xiàn)在名詞形容詞副詞以及動(dòng)詞的使用錯(cuò)誤上，如把名詞錯(cuò)當(dāng)成動(dòng)詞使用，或者把形容詞錯(cuò)當(dāng)成名詞或者該用副詞的地方錯(cuò)用了形容詞等情況，歸納起來(lái)主要涉及三種類型：
1. 名詞與動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤使用 ，如： approval — approve ， sale — sell ； 2. 名詞與形容詞的誤用 ，如： medicine — medical/medicinal ， emotion — emotional ； 3. 形容詞與副詞的誤用 ，如： high — highly ， mere — merely 等。這類錯(cuò)誤還常出現(xiàn)在 be 以外的系動(dòng)詞后，如： feel badly — feel bad ， grow uneasily — grow uneasy 。
例 1
Ideally, of course, the expression of editorial
opinion should be limited on the editorial page
and the news articles should be objective
— telling the fact as complete as possible. 1.__________
該句中complete為形容詞，而在該句中它前面所接詞為動(dòng)詞tell，必須改為副詞形式，故應(yīng)該將complete改為completely。
例2
It is a social prejudice that the work of street
cleaners is thought to be dirty and shame by 1.__________
most people.
根據(jù)上下可知該句中的系動(dòng)詞be后面必須接形容詞，且與前面的dirty并列關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該將名詞shame改為shameful。
例3
It is true that their work may be dirty, but not
necessary shameful. What would our streets 1.__________
be like if nobody cleared away the rubbish?
該句中shameful為形容詞，前面必須使用副詞修飾，故應(yīng)該將necessary改為necessarily。
例4
Used wise, science may increase our energy and 1.__________
food supply, improve our health, expand our joy
and extend our lives.
該句的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是“if it is used wisely, science may… ”，“wisely”修飾過(guò)去分詞“used”，表示“使用得當(dāng)”的意思。所以應(yīng)該將形容詞wise改為副詞形式的wisely。
練習(xí)題
1 Computers have been designed to store information
and compute complex problems. Some computers are
so high advanced that they even can talk with operators. 1.__________
2 The doctor said that I only had to wait for a relative 2.__________
short time before he could have an interview with me.
3 You must make sure that your speech is clear and
easily to follow. Use examples, charts, and pictures if 3.__________
they will help you explain your points clearly. You
should treat your audience with respect.
4 The myth of the country as a Garden of Eden,
a few generations late, sends them flooding out again 4.__________
to the suburbs.
5 In the wild, tea plants become trees of
approximately thirty feet in high. 5.__________
6 Microwave ovens are generally more costlier than 6.__________
common ovens.
7 We are not necessary capable of doing such an 7.__________
exacting job.
8 There may be sound medicine reasons for accepting 8.__________
electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally
dependent on the balance of risks and benefits for the
patients.
9 Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,
swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwich
— they can all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, 9.__________
especially when the rewards are high.
10 Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad
one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 10.__________
答案解析：
1. high→highly。
2. relative→relatively。
3. easily→easy。在該句中easy緊跟在系動(dòng)詞be之后，與clear并列，即“your speech is clear and easy to follow”。
4. late→later。
5. high→height?！癷n height”表示“在高度上”的意思，為固定搭配，沒有in high的表達(dá)法。
6. costlier→costly。costly是形容詞，意思是昂貴的，它的比較級(jí)是more costly，costlier是錯(cuò)誤形式。
7. necessary→necessarily。
8. medicine→medical。
9. worth前加are。本句有一個(gè)由“when”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句“Clearly some risks worth taking”缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)閣orth是形容詞，一般于“be worth doing”。
10. minutes→minutes’。本句中minutes是名詞，不能直接修飾后面的名詞delay，應(yīng)該用名詞所有格形式。