3.邏輯錯誤。
這種錯誤一般得根據(jù)上下文判斷得出，分析這么多年六級改錯的邏輯錯誤，答案無一例外都是將文中某個用錯的詞(很多情況下是一個形容詞)改成它的反義詞或添上一個否定詞，這里要求同學(xué)們掌握一些常用的否定詞綴，如in-、un-等等，因?yàn)橛械男稳菰~加上否定詞綴就變成了它的反義詞,舉例如下：
(1)the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected to desirable activities that…(07年1月新六級改錯第七題)desirable>undesirable
(2)The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. (07年1月老六級改錯第八題)efficient> inefficient.本題中efficient和laborious與boring并列,根據(jù)并列成分意思一致原則,也可以推斷出這里的efficient應(yīng)該換成它的反義詞.
(3)But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and understand increasingly complex material.(06年6月六級改錯第十題)with>without.這里句子主語用了no one表示否定,而整個句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一個否定詞without 與no one構(gòu)成雙重否定表示肯定。
(4)Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.(06年1月六級改錯第三題)acceptance>rejection
(5)the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.(04年6月六級改錯第六題) unfamiliar>familiar
(6)Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just around the corner.(04年1月六級改錯第四題)good> poor/bad
(7)Get someone to check for spelling and grammatic- al errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake.(06年1月六級改錯第6題)根據(jù)上下文,這里應(yīng)該表示“不能挑出每個錯誤”，所以在pick up之前要加上否定詞not.
4.-ing型與-ed型改錯題。
此類題一般是動詞后面少了ing或ed,這種題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),值得注意。
-ing型改錯題分兩種情況:(1)介詞后面或某些動詞后面跟著的動詞需要使用該動詞的-ing形式(2)用一個逗號將一個動詞與其邏輯主語分開,該動詞需要用-ing分詞形式,舉例如下：
(1)The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records….(07年1月新六級改錯第三題)這里的demand應(yīng)該改成demanding, bar/stop/prevent sth from doing為固定搭配,介詞from后面的動詞必須使用其-ing形式。
(2)As a result, too many kids passed through school without mastering the printed page.(06年6月六級改錯第1題)介詞后面跟的動詞通常都要加-ing形式,所以這里的master應(yīng)該改成mastering.
(3)Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(06年1月六級改錯第4題)avoid后面跟動詞要加-ing, 所以end改成ending.
(4)This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease.(05年1月六級改錯第8題)一個逗號將depend on和其邏輯主語this modern treatment分開,因此depend要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式depending.
(5)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people---- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.(04年6月六級改錯第一題)
和上一題一樣,這里的include同樣得用分詞形式including.
-ed型改錯:
(1)If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting…
(06年1月六級改錯第九題)這里的one指代前文的photo,我們都知道照相用take a photo, 所以這里的one和take應(yīng)該表示被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用take的過去分詞taken做后置定語。
(2)The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful----- exaggerations usually get find out.
(06年1月六級改錯第10題)表示“被發(fā)現(xiàn)”顯然要用過去分詞found out.
注意:-ed型改錯從本質(zhì)上說就是要能發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,動詞是施動者,而其邏輯主語接收動詞發(fā)出的動作.這和被動語態(tài)實(shí)際上是一個道理,下面舉幾個被動語態(tài)的題:
(1) The day the NEA report released….
(07年1月新六級改錯第2題)這個報告被發(fā)表,所以在report和released之間要加上was.
(2) Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well-----and not getting help.(06年6月六級改錯第6題)
受到影響顯然要用被動語態(tài),所以affecting要改成過去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改錯命題專家比較偏愛的一個詞,在05年1月的改錯中考查了effect與affect的區(qū)別,大家對這個詞要好好掌握。
(3)The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.
(05年1月六級第10題)這里的the countries作為邏輯主語,與后面的動詞threaten成被動關(guān)系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我們這里應(yīng)該在threate- ned的前面加上系動詞are.
這種錯誤一般得根據(jù)上下文判斷得出，分析這么多年六級改錯的邏輯錯誤，答案無一例外都是將文中某個用錯的詞(很多情況下是一個形容詞)改成它的反義詞或添上一個否定詞，這里要求同學(xué)們掌握一些常用的否定詞綴，如in-、un-等等，因?yàn)橛械男稳菰~加上否定詞綴就變成了它的反義詞,舉例如下：
(1)the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may be connected to desirable activities that…(07年1月新六級改錯第七題)desirable>undesirable
(2)The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. (07年1月老六級改錯第八題)efficient> inefficient.本題中efficient和laborious與boring并列,根據(jù)并列成分意思一致原則,也可以推斷出這里的efficient應(yīng)該換成它的反義詞.
(3)But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and understand increasingly complex material.(06年6月六級改錯第十題)with>without.這里句子主語用了no one表示否定,而整個句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一個否定詞without 與no one構(gòu)成雙重否定表示肯定。
(4)Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of what’s in it.(06年1月六級改錯第三題)acceptance>rejection
(5)the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.(04年6月六級改錯第六題) unfamiliar>familiar
(6)Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the world’s food crisis has remained just around the corner.(04年1月六級改錯第四題)good> poor/bad
(7)Get someone to check for spelling and grammatic- al errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake.(06年1月六級改錯第6題)根據(jù)上下文,這里應(yīng)該表示“不能挑出每個錯誤”，所以在pick up之前要加上否定詞not.
4.-ing型與-ed型改錯題。
此類題一般是動詞后面少了ing或ed,這種題經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),值得注意。
-ing型改錯題分兩種情況:(1)介詞后面或某些動詞后面跟著的動詞需要使用該動詞的-ing形式(2)用一個逗號將一個動詞與其邏輯主語分開,該動詞需要用-ing分詞形式,舉例如下：
(1)The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records….(07年1月新六級改錯第三題)這里的demand應(yīng)該改成demanding, bar/stop/prevent sth from doing為固定搭配,介詞from后面的動詞必須使用其-ing形式。
(2)As a result, too many kids passed through school without mastering the printed page.(06年6月六級改錯第1題)介詞后面跟的動詞通常都要加-ing形式,所以這里的master應(yīng)該改成mastering.
(3)Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(06年1月六級改錯第4題)avoid后面跟動詞要加-ing, 所以end改成ending.
(4)This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease.(05年1月六級改錯第8題)一個逗號將depend on和其邏輯主語this modern treatment分開,因此depend要用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式depending.
(5)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people---- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.(04年6月六級改錯第一題)
和上一題一樣,這里的include同樣得用分詞形式including.
-ed型改錯:
(1)If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting…
(06年1月六級改錯第九題)這里的one指代前文的photo,我們都知道照相用take a photo, 所以這里的one和take應(yīng)該表示被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該用take的過去分詞taken做后置定語。
(2)The rule here is to keep it factual and truthful----- exaggerations usually get find out.
(06年1月六級改錯第10題)表示“被發(fā)現(xiàn)”顯然要用過去分詞found out.
注意:-ed型改錯從本質(zhì)上說就是要能發(fā)現(xiàn)動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系,動詞是施動者,而其邏輯主語接收動詞發(fā)出的動作.這和被動語態(tài)實(shí)際上是一個道理,下面舉幾個被動語態(tài)的題:
(1) The day the NEA report released….
(07年1月新六級改錯第2題)這個報告被發(fā)表,所以在report和released之間要加上was.
(2) Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well-----and not getting help.(06年6月六級改錯第6題)
受到影響顯然要用被動語態(tài),所以affecting要改成過去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改錯命題專家比較偏愛的一個詞,在05年1月的改錯中考查了effect與affect的區(qū)別,大家對這個詞要好好掌握。
(3)The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.
(05年1月六級第10題)這里的the countries作為邏輯主語,與后面的動詞threaten成被動關(guān)系,而且后面句子的形式threatened by leprosy也提示我們這里應(yīng)該在threate- ned的前面加上系動詞are.