第二天：認識詞匯錯誤
一、 副詞、形容詞誤用
1、 系動詞和感官動詞后要接形容詞。系動詞有：be, appear, seem, become, turn, go, come, grow, keep 等；感官動詞 ：feel, taste, smell, sound, look 等；另外 系動詞中的became, turn, go, come, grow, keep 等也可以是 行為動詞，請注意區(qū)別~ 試比較：Meat goes bad easily. / Go quickly or you’ll be late.
2、 大多數(shù)副詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但以-ly結(jié)尾的并不都是副詞。Like 形容詞 意為“相似的，相像的”，likely 也同樣是形容詞 意為“可能的”；類似的情形：friendly（友好的）, woolly（長絨毛的），costly（昂貴的），lonely（孤單的），elderly（過了中年的，稍老的），fatherly（如父親的，慈愛的），motherly, brotherly, deadly（致命的，極度的）等。
3、 一些以 a-開頭的形容詞 只能做表語，而不做名詞的前置修飾語，只能放在名詞的后面；不能說 an asleep boy 而應(yīng)是 a sleeping boy 或 an boy asleep ；這一類的形容詞有：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ashamed（慚愧的，羞恥的），afloat（飄浮的，傳播的），akin（同族的，類似的），alight（點著的，發(fā)亮的）。
二、 介詞誤用
1、 介詞的錯誤，只要 出現(xiàn)在 不及物動詞后的介詞；一些形容詞后的介詞；名詞前后的介詞 以及一些固定詞組中的介詞習(xí)慣搭配 被誤用。比如：中文說 “一只鳥在樹上”，而英文卻是“There is a bird in the tree.”用的是 in 這個介詞，而并非on；請大家做改錯的時候，盡量從從所描述情景本身的形象含義，來考慮使用哪個介詞；而不要全部從漢語的字面上理解 來選擇介詞。
三、 代詞的誤用
1、 弄清句子中某代詞指代的對象，注意它前后的指稱是否一致；
2、 對于關(guān)系代詞，當現(xiàn)行詞是指人的名詞時，關(guān)系代詞主格用 who 或that, 賓格用whom；現(xiàn)行詞是指物的名詞時，關(guān)系代詞用 which 或 that, 單在非限制性定語從句中或介詞后面的從句里 卻只能用 which, 不能用that； 在同位語從句里 關(guān)系代詞一般用 that, 而不用which。
3、 按正規(guī)語法，不定代詞 someone, everyone, anyone, each 等都用 he, him, his, himself 第三人稱單數(shù)代詞與之相呼應(yīng)，而不用 they, them, theirs, themselves 復(fù)數(shù)代詞。
四、 連詞誤用
1、 連詞分為從屬連詞和并列連詞，它們的語法功能要搞清楚；尤其注意并列連詞連接的前后部分在語法上必須對等、對稱。尤其是并列的連詞詞組，如 either……or, neither……nor, as well as, in case 等。
2、 有些詞既可以做 介詞 又可做 連詞 （如：since, for 等），但表達的意思不同；另一些詞意思相同，如：despite（盡管）是介詞，although （盡管）是連詞，要注意區(qū)別二者的使用；還有一些詞（如：during, neither, hence, however, like, then 等）很容易被誤當作連詞，要特別小心；事實上，它們是介詞或是副詞。
3、 最重要的是：先讀懂句意，正確判斷句子各部分的關(guān)系——是因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系還是并列關(guān)系，然后才能確定應(yīng)用哪個連詞。
五、 冠詞誤用
1、 注意物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞在句中是否已普通名詞化 或反之，這與該名詞是否需要加冠詞有密切的關(guān)系。例如： abandon ship 棄船而逃； a Smith 一個叫史密斯的人。
2、 仔細讀懂句意，正確判斷某個名詞是特指還是泛指。
大家一起來做套題練習(xí)一下，做的不對沒關(guān)系，只要經(jīng)過自己的思考就是好的
When you start talking about good and bad manners you
immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot
agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she
thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they 71._______
occupied the space around them—for example, when such a
person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of 72._______
others. Such people never bump into other people.
However, a second person thought that this was more a
question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this 73._______
other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known, 74._______
about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at 75._______
one of the countries of the Middle East. The American hasn't 76._______
been told very much about the kind of food he might expect.If
he had known about American food, he might have behaved 77._______
better.
Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that
looked, to him, very much as a napkin （餐巾） Picking it 78._______
up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. 79._______
His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but 80._______
immediately copied the action of his guest.
And that, said this second person, was a fine example of
good manners.
一、 副詞、形容詞誤用
1、 系動詞和感官動詞后要接形容詞。系動詞有：be, appear, seem, become, turn, go, come, grow, keep 等；感官動詞 ：feel, taste, smell, sound, look 等；另外 系動詞中的became, turn, go, come, grow, keep 等也可以是 行為動詞，請注意區(qū)別~ 試比較：Meat goes bad easily. / Go quickly or you’ll be late.
2、 大多數(shù)副詞以-ly結(jié)尾，但以-ly結(jié)尾的并不都是副詞。Like 形容詞 意為“相似的，相像的”，likely 也同樣是形容詞 意為“可能的”；類似的情形：friendly（友好的）, woolly（長絨毛的），costly（昂貴的），lonely（孤單的），elderly（過了中年的，稍老的），fatherly（如父親的，慈愛的），motherly, brotherly, deadly（致命的，極度的）等。
3、 一些以 a-開頭的形容詞 只能做表語，而不做名詞的前置修飾語，只能放在名詞的后面；不能說 an asleep boy 而應(yīng)是 a sleeping boy 或 an boy asleep ；這一類的形容詞有：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake, ashamed（慚愧的，羞恥的），afloat（飄浮的，傳播的），akin（同族的，類似的），alight（點著的，發(fā)亮的）。
二、 介詞誤用
1、 介詞的錯誤，只要 出現(xiàn)在 不及物動詞后的介詞；一些形容詞后的介詞；名詞前后的介詞 以及一些固定詞組中的介詞習(xí)慣搭配 被誤用。比如：中文說 “一只鳥在樹上”，而英文卻是“There is a bird in the tree.”用的是 in 這個介詞，而并非on；請大家做改錯的時候，盡量從從所描述情景本身的形象含義，來考慮使用哪個介詞；而不要全部從漢語的字面上理解 來選擇介詞。
三、 代詞的誤用
1、 弄清句子中某代詞指代的對象，注意它前后的指稱是否一致；
2、 對于關(guān)系代詞，當現(xiàn)行詞是指人的名詞時，關(guān)系代詞主格用 who 或that, 賓格用whom；現(xiàn)行詞是指物的名詞時，關(guān)系代詞用 which 或 that, 單在非限制性定語從句中或介詞后面的從句里 卻只能用 which, 不能用that； 在同位語從句里 關(guān)系代詞一般用 that, 而不用which。
3、 按正規(guī)語法，不定代詞 someone, everyone, anyone, each 等都用 he, him, his, himself 第三人稱單數(shù)代詞與之相呼應(yīng)，而不用 they, them, theirs, themselves 復(fù)數(shù)代詞。
四、 連詞誤用
1、 連詞分為從屬連詞和并列連詞，它們的語法功能要搞清楚；尤其注意并列連詞連接的前后部分在語法上必須對等、對稱。尤其是并列的連詞詞組，如 either……or, neither……nor, as well as, in case 等。
2、 有些詞既可以做 介詞 又可做 連詞 （如：since, for 等），但表達的意思不同；另一些詞意思相同，如：despite（盡管）是介詞，although （盡管）是連詞，要注意區(qū)別二者的使用；還有一些詞（如：during, neither, hence, however, like, then 等）很容易被誤當作連詞，要特別小心；事實上，它們是介詞或是副詞。
3、 最重要的是：先讀懂句意，正確判斷句子各部分的關(guān)系——是因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系還是并列關(guān)系，然后才能確定應(yīng)用哪個連詞。
五、 冠詞誤用
1、 注意物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞在句中是否已普通名詞化 或反之，這與該名詞是否需要加冠詞有密切的關(guān)系。例如： abandon ship 棄船而逃； a Smith 一個叫史密斯的人。
2、 仔細讀懂句意，正確判斷某個名詞是特指還是泛指。
大家一起來做套題練習(xí)一下，做的不對沒關(guān)系，只要經(jīng)過自己的思考就是好的
When you start talking about good and bad manners you
immediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannot
agree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that she
thought you could tell a well-mannered person on the way they 71._______
occupied the space around them—for example, when such a
person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of 72._______
others. Such people never bump into other people.
However, a second person thought that this was more a
question of civilized behavior as good manners. Instead, this 73._______
other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known, 74._______
about an American who had been invited to an Arab meal at 75._______
one of the countries of the Middle East. The American hasn't 76._______
been told very much about the kind of food he might expect.If
he had known about American food, he might have behaved 77._______
better.
Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that
looked, to him, very much as a napkin （餐巾） Picking it 78._______
up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. 79._______
His Arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but 80._______
immediately copied the action of his guest.
And that, said this second person, was a fine example of
good manners.