新六級(jí)-綜合改錯(cuò)題二(1)

字號(hào):

錯(cuò)誤類型
    1.邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤 2.介詞使用錯(cuò)誤 3.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 4.非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 5.主謂語前后不一致錯(cuò)誤 6.名詞的錯(cuò)誤 7.代詞使用錯(cuò)誤 8.冠詞的錯(cuò)誤 9.句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯(cuò)誤 10.時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和語氣的使用錯(cuò)誤 11.易混淆詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
    一、邏輯表達(dá)的錯(cuò)誤
    邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤是由于某個(gè)詞語使用不當(dāng)而造成文章在語義上前后不一致或者矛盾的錯(cuò)誤類型,具有難度大、不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)。這類錯(cuò)誤往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有較強(qiáng)的語言綜合應(yīng)用能力的基礎(chǔ)上方可解答。一般來說,邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤包括兩種類型。
    第一種是反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,常見的這類錯(cuò)誤有:
    ①派生反義詞,如:encourage-discourage,load-unload,satisfy-dissatisfy等;
    ②互補(bǔ)性反義詞,如:dead-alive,boy-girl,man-woman,male-female,brother-sister,married-single等;
    ③換位性反義詞,如:buy-sell,give-receive,lend-borrow,husband-wife,parent-child,left-right等;
    ④相對(duì)性反義詞,如:easy-hard,big-small,cold-hot,old-young,wide-narrow,love-hate等;
    ⑤按上下文語義,行中多用了not或no,或必須添上not或no.
    第二種是連接詞的使用錯(cuò)誤,包括:
    ①并列連詞,如:and,but,for,or等;
    ②主從連詞,這類詞較多,如:because,(al)though,if,unless,before,after,until,as,while,whereas等;
    ③連接性副詞,如:however,moreover,besides,nevertheless,then,thus等;
    ④連接性介詞,如:because of,despite,besides,instead of等。
    例題的講解:
    例1
    Recently more and more attention has been focused
    on the problem of preserving the environment.
    The fact that a Government Ministry called the
    Department of the Environment has been created
    shows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________
    Many other countries have established similar organizations.
    這段文章,所要表達(dá)的意思是:人們對(duì)環(huán)境問題的重視,并成立了環(huán)境部,從而意在說明環(huán)境這個(gè)問題是多么的重要。顯而易見,該處的unimportant應(yīng)該改為具有肯定意義的important.此處錯(cuò)誤屬于第一種,即反義詞的使用錯(cuò)誤。
    例2
    In our society all kinds of work are equally important.
    For example, the work of a completely uneducated
    farmer is in some sense more important than that of a
    professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________
    have no food. This is a simple truth that everybody
    believes. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. __________
    rubbish away from our house, we would get terrible
    diseases in our towns.
    在這段文章,第一處要表達(dá)的意思是:農(nóng)民的工作在某種程度上甚至比教授還重要,這是因?yàn)椴皇芙逃覀冋諛幽芑钕氯ィ菦]有食物我們卻無法存活。因此應(yīng)該將so改為but,這樣才符合文章的邏輯。第二處錯(cuò)誤,咋看似乎是一個(gè)讓步從句,然而后文卻毫無轉(zhuǎn)折之意,其實(shí)它是一個(gè)條件式虛擬語句,應(yīng)該將although改為if.這兩處錯(cuò)誤均屬于邏輯表達(dá)錯(cuò)誤中的第二種,即連接詞使用錯(cuò)誤。這類錯(cuò)誤比較第一種錯(cuò)誤來說,重在考查考生對(duì)英語語言的應(yīng)用方面。
    通過例題以及解答不難看出,邏輯錯(cuò)誤主要是考查學(xué)生對(duì)整篇文章的理解,一般不容易第一眼便發(fā)現(xiàn),只有我們讀完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。