affix 是比較正式的詞, 通常指"把一件較小的或次要的東西永遠(yuǎn)加于另一件東西上", 如:
affix a stamp to the parcel
貼郵票于包裹上。
annex 是比較正式的詞,表示"附加", 也指"擴(kuò)充"或"兼并", 如:
attach a condition to a contract
在合同中附加一項(xiàng)條件。
fasten 表示"結(jié)牢"、"拴住",用于有形的東西,有時(shí)可與attach互用, 如:
fasten an ox to the tree
把牛拴在樹上。
attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻擊"的意思。
attack 是常用詞, 指"攻擊敵人"或"用言論攻擊他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.
德國在1941年開始進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)。
assail 指"猛烈連續(xù)地攻擊", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position.
敵機(jī)不斷猛烈地攻擊我們的陣地。
assault 語氣比 assail強(qiáng), 指"突然猛烈地進(jìn)攻", 暗示"武力的直接接觸" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如:
The enemy assaulted us at dawn.
敵人在黎明時(shí)向我進(jìn)攻。
charge 指"沖擊"或"騎兵的突然攻擊", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front.
騎兵猛烈向前線沖擊。
beset 指"圍攻", 即從各個(gè)方向攻擊, 如:
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.
在沼澤地里, 我們受到蚊子的圍攻。
attack,charge,assail,descend on,overtake這組動(dòng)詞都表示"襲擊"或"進(jìn)攻".
attack 是常用詞,可以表示任何意義上的"襲擊"或"進(jìn)攻".
It immediately ran away when she saw it,and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
當(dāng)她看到它時(shí),它便跑開了。而且專家證實(shí),美洲獅除非被逼到絕境,它是不攻擊人的。
charge 表示向敵人或敵人的陣地進(jìn)行猛烈攻擊。
Apparently sensitive to criticism,the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.
那公牛顯然對(duì)批評(píng)話是敏感的,所以它把斗牛士全忘記了,向那醉漢沖了過去。
assail 所表示的"進(jìn)攻"不僅猛烈,而且含有"接二連三的攻擊"的意思,此外應(yīng)注意:攻擊者的勝利不取決于其實(shí)力或進(jìn)攻的效果,而取決于攻擊的堅(jiān)持不懈和毅力。
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.
我剛剛下了船,一個(gè)想賣給我鉆石戒指的人便向我發(fā)動(dòng)了進(jìn)攻。
descend on 指捕食的鷹俯沖下來捕捉犧牲品,但它常常用于形象的比喻。
On the day before our departure,several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.
在我們離開那里的前一天,好幾個(gè)公共汽車,滿載著游客向這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)撲了過來。
overtake 的原義是"趕上或追上",在表示襲擊時(shí),主語通常是"風(fēng)暴、災(zāi)難、不幸的事情"等。在用作"襲擊"時(shí),與其原義有關(guān)系,漢語中也有"那時(shí)正趕上天下大亂"等類似的表達(dá)方式。
We know instinctively,just as beekeepers with their bees that misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.
我們本能地懂得,正如養(yǎng)蜂人對(duì)待蜜蜂一樣,如果不把我們生活中的重大事件告訴這條河,我們就會(huì)遭到厄運(yùn)的襲擊。
attempt,try,endeavour這三個(gè)同義詞都可以用作動(dòng)詞,它們的一般含義是致力于可能成功也可能失敗的某件事。
attempt 的含義是去做自己希望會(huì)成功的事,常常包含冒險(xiǎn)的意義。
It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be attempted.
試圖在火星上著陸是一件遙遠(yuǎn)的事。
Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.
一年多的時(shí)間過去之后,才作了首次嘗試。
try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口語中使用 try 比使用 attempt 顯得淺近通俗。但這兩個(gè)詞有著明顯的差異。try 表示試一試,意即欲證明或檢驗(yàn)?zāi)臣?,這是 attempt 所不能表達(dá)的。在表示致力于某事時(shí),try 并不包含冒險(xiǎn)的意思。
You can try on the new coat.
這件新上衣,你可以試一試。
I tried to say something,but my mouth was full of cotton wool.
我想說句話,但我嘴里塞滿了藥棉。
endeavour 也表示致力于某事,但通常強(qiáng)調(diào)這種事情要求非同尋常的努力,或真切而誠懇的努力。如果某事輕而易舉,不難辦到,避免用 endeavour 而用 try.
The United Nations is endeavouring to establish peace.
聯(lián)合國正在致力確保和平。
Make an effort 努力
attract fascinate enchant charm
都含有"吸引", 或"給人以喜悅之感"的意思。
attract 指"以悅?cè)说捻B(tài)使人喜歡、羨慕或注目", 如:
He was attracted by her beauty.
他被她的美貌所吸引。
fascinate 指"使人非常感興趣, 以致于要繼續(xù)看下去或做下去等", 如:
fascinate vt. 1.迷住, 使神魂顛倒; 吸引; 使感興趣 2.蠱惑住
The children were fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.
那些孩子被商店櫥窗里所有的玩具迷住了。
charm 指"使 人喜悅"、"使迷醉", 如:
n.吸引力, (女人的)魔力, 魅力, 符咒 vt.迷人, 使陶醉, 行魔法 vi.用符咒, 有魔力
Her beautiful voice charms everyone.
她優(yōu)美的聲音迷醉了每個(gè)人。
enchant 通常為由于喜悅而"著迷", 如: n.巫士, 妖人, 令人銷魂者 1.迷惑 著迷 2.妖術(shù); 魅力 -tress [-tris] vt.施魔法, 使迷惑
She was enchanted by the flowers you sent her.
她非常喜歡你送給她的花。
escape avoid evade elude
都含"避免"、"逃避"的意思。
escape 指"脫離或避開即將來臨或近在眼前的傷害、危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)禍等事物"常作借喻用, 如:
escape death
脫離死亡。
avoid 強(qiáng)調(diào)"有意識(shí)地躲避不愉快的或可能發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)的事物或情況", 如:
I cannot avoid meeting her.
我怎么也避不開她。
evade 強(qiáng)調(diào)"用心機(jī)或狡猾的手段逃避或回避對(duì)自己不利的東西", 如: 逃避, 躲避; 回避; 漏(稅)
evade one's duties
逃避職責(zé)
evade an attack
躲避攻擊
evade income taxes
偷漏所得稅
evade one's duty
逃避責(zé)任。
elude 指"避開極接近的麻煩或巧妙、迅速地逃避", 如: 躲避(危險(xiǎn)等); 逃避(追捕等); 逃脫
困惑, 使迷離
elude pursuit
逃避追捕
elude observation
避人耳目
elude one's understanding
使人不解
The criminal eluded the police.
那個(gè)罪犯甩掉了警察的追捕。
aware conscious sensible
都含有"意識(shí)到的"意思。
aware 側(cè)重"感官所意識(shí)到的外界事物", 如:
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到了四化的重要性。
conscious 側(cè)重"心理感知", 如:
He is conscious of a sense of quilt.
他感到內(nèi)疚。
sensible 指"可用感官察覺到的(較復(fù)雜或抽象的事物的)", 如:
I was sensible of her solemn grief.
我知道她很悲哀。
conflict fight struggle
都含"戰(zhàn)斗" 、" 斗爭(zhēng)"的意思。
conflict指"由于嚴(yán)重不一致, 而引起抵觸或沖突", 如:Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours. 他們對(duì)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)起因的報(bào)告與我們的報(bào)告相反。
fight原義是"打仗"、"戰(zhàn)斗", 指"任何形式的斗爭(zhēng)", 特別強(qiáng)調(diào)"短兵相接", 如:The two boys fought. 兩個(gè)孩子動(dòng)手打起來了。
struggle本義是"掙扎", 指"克服某種障礙或困難, 以達(dá)到某種目的", 意味著"處境難", 如:They were struggling for peace. 他們?yōu)楹推蕉窢?zhēng)。
oppose object resist
都含"反對(duì)"的意思。
oppose 為常用詞, 指"對(duì)某人、某事采取積極行動(dòng)來反對(duì)", 著重動(dòng)作,尤指"反對(duì)一種觀念、思想、計(jì)劃等", 如:
The father opposed to his son's marriage.
父親反對(duì)兒子的婚事。
object 常指"用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對(duì)", 著重"個(gè)人嫌厭"和"(由于與個(gè)人有關(guān)因此)提出反對(duì)意見", 如:
I objected to his plan.
我反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃。
resist 指"積極地反抗、對(duì)抗"、"用武力阻止……的前進(jìn)", 如:
resist the enemy
抵抗敵人。
quarrel wrangle altercate squabble
都含"爭(zhēng)吵"的意思。
quarrel指" 由于憤怒而爭(zhēng)吵", 內(nèi)含"其結(jié)果可能為持續(xù)的對(duì)立", 如:
The thieves quarrel (l)ed with one another about how to divide the loot.
小偷們?yōu)槿绾畏众E而互相爭(zhēng)吵。
wrangle指"口角"、"爭(zhēng)吵", 著重"在爭(zhēng)吵中各方堅(jiān)持己見", 如:
The students wrangled about who should sit in front.
同學(xué)們?yōu)榱苏l坐在前面而爭(zhēng)吵不休。
altercate 指"爭(zhēng)吵"、"吵嘴", 可能動(dòng)手, 也可能不動(dòng)手, 如:
altercate on the locations of the battle
為競(jìng)賽地點(diǎn)爭(zhēng)吵。
squabble 指"為小事爭(zhēng)吵", 如:
No man will squabble over a nickel.
沒有人會(huì)為了五分錢而吵架。
slide slip glide
都含"滑動(dòng)"的意思。
slide 指"始終接觸一平滑表面而滑動(dòng)", 如:
Some boys are -ing on the ice.
一些男孩子在溜冰。
slip指"表面光滑沒摩擦力, 不是持續(xù)接觸而滑動(dòng)", 并可指"突然地、不由自主地滑動(dòng)", 如:
The pen slipped from his hand.
鋼筆從他手中滑落。
glide指"持續(xù)而平穩(wěn)地在光滑表面上自由滑動(dòng), 但不一定在同一光滑表面上滑動(dòng)", 如:
A boat glided past.
小船輕輕駛過。
slide,slip,glide,skid這組同義詞的一般含義為"滑動(dòng)"或"滑".
slide所表示的"滑動(dòng)"含有這樣幾層意思:光滑的面接觸,通常為加速運(yùn)動(dòng)。用于比喻時(shí),表示不自主地陷入某種習(xí)慣等
For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.
在令人坐臥不安的一瞬間,餡餅盤懸懸乎乎地停在運(yùn)河岸邊,然而它突然失去了平衡,滑回水中。
Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.
后來當(dāng)船上的貨物、壓艙物、彈藥以及400個(gè)人轟的一聲滑到急劇傾斜的船體左舷一側(cè)的時(shí)候,岸上觀看的人們聽到了雷鳴般的轟隆聲。
But it is more important not to think lies, or to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are so pleasant and so easy as descents to mental ineptitude.
但是更重要的是不去想謊言,也不陷入無意識(shí)的、不誠實(shí)的思維習(xí)慣, 這種思維習(xí)慣如此他令人愜意和自在,就象淪為智力低能一樣。
slip 所表示的"滑"與slide相比,接觸面更滑,但不象slide那樣持續(xù)地滑動(dòng),而是突然的或短暫的滑動(dòng),如滑倒。用于比喻時(shí),可以表示"口誤"(a slip of the tongue),"筆誤"(a slip of the pen);"悄悄地溜進(jìn)……"(slip into…)"輕巧而迅速地穿過"(slip through)等等。
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
宴會(huì)結(jié)束時(shí),他仍在咕噥著醫(yī)院里的事。說著說著,他在一塊冰上滑倒,跌斷了左腿。
It tires not nor does it boast of its power, but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home feeding its flown young as it flies and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage evenwhen the wind is adverse.
glide 可以像slide那樣持續(xù)地滑,但不一定像slide那樣以面接觸進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)。鳥在天空中翱翔,小船在水面蕩漾,都可以用glide表示。這時(shí)雖有空氣和水與運(yùn)動(dòng)著的鳥和船這樣的物體之間的面接觸,但與slide運(yùn)動(dòng)相比,可把這種面接觸的摩擦力視為極小的數(shù)值,好象沒有摩擦力一樣。此外,諸如自行車順著下坡路面自行滑動(dòng),和即將到站的火車靠其慣性作自行滑動(dòng),也可以用glide表示。
The albatross is the king of gliders.
信天翁是滑翔鳥類。
Soothed by the peace of my journey, I had lost all count of time but eventually I became aware that the boat was gliding slowly towards the bank.
旅途平靜,我們的心情也安定,因此我失去了一切時(shí)間的概念。但是我終于覺察到我乘的小船在慢悠悠地向岸邊蕩去。
Then the train was gliding to a ten minutes'stop at the tiny station.
后來列車徐徐地駛進(jìn)那個(gè)小站,將???0分鐘。
skid 表示"打滑".如汽車在結(jié)冰的道路上行駛有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)車輪不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而車體向一側(cè)滑動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。又如:高速行駛的汽車在急轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí),車身向一側(cè)的滑動(dòng)。
All the wheels of the truck were tied up with iron chains to avoid skidding on the ice road.
大卡車的所有輪子上都捆上了鐵鏈,以防止在結(jié)冰的路面上打滑。
During the race, the leading car skidded and overturned.
在比賽中的那輛車向一側(cè)打滑并且翻倒了。
begin,start,end,stop這是詞義正好相反的兩組詞。begin 的反義詞為 end;start 的反義詞為 stop.
begin 表示"開始",其內(nèi)涵是"使處于進(jìn)程中"
Work on it had begun before my sister left.
這座房子在我姐姐離開之前就已經(jīng)動(dòng)工了。
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather,…
他幾乎馬上便開始抱怨天氣了,……
affix a stamp to the parcel
貼郵票于包裹上。
annex 是比較正式的詞,表示"附加", 也指"擴(kuò)充"或"兼并", 如:
attach a condition to a contract
在合同中附加一項(xiàng)條件。
fasten 表示"結(jié)牢"、"拴住",用于有形的東西,有時(shí)可與attach互用, 如:
fasten an ox to the tree
把牛拴在樹上。
attack assail assault charge beset
都含有"攻擊"的意思。
attack 是常用詞, 指"攻擊敵人"或"用言論攻擊他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.
德國在1941年開始進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)。
assail 指"猛烈連續(xù)地攻擊", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position.
敵機(jī)不斷猛烈地攻擊我們的陣地。
assault 語氣比 assail強(qiáng), 指"突然猛烈地進(jìn)攻", 暗示"武力的直接接觸" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如:
The enemy assaulted us at dawn.
敵人在黎明時(shí)向我進(jìn)攻。
charge 指"沖擊"或"騎兵的突然攻擊", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front.
騎兵猛烈向前線沖擊。
beset 指"圍攻", 即從各個(gè)方向攻擊, 如:
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes.
在沼澤地里, 我們受到蚊子的圍攻。
attack,charge,assail,descend on,overtake這組動(dòng)詞都表示"襲擊"或"進(jìn)攻".
attack 是常用詞,可以表示任何意義上的"襲擊"或"進(jìn)攻".
It immediately ran away when she saw it,and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.
當(dāng)她看到它時(shí),它便跑開了。而且專家證實(shí),美洲獅除非被逼到絕境,它是不攻擊人的。
charge 表示向敵人或敵人的陣地進(jìn)行猛烈攻擊。
Apparently sensitive to criticism,the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk.
那公牛顯然對(duì)批評(píng)話是敏感的,所以它把斗牛士全忘記了,向那醉漢沖了過去。
assail 所表示的"進(jìn)攻"不僅猛烈,而且含有"接二連三的攻擊"的意思,此外應(yīng)注意:攻擊者的勝利不取決于其實(shí)力或進(jìn)攻的效果,而取決于攻擊的堅(jiān)持不懈和毅力。
I had no sooner got off the ship than I was assailed by a man who wanted to sell me a diamond ring.
我剛剛下了船,一個(gè)想賣給我鉆石戒指的人便向我發(fā)動(dòng)了進(jìn)攻。
descend on 指捕食的鷹俯沖下來捕捉犧牲品,但它常常用于形象的比喻。
On the day before our departure,several bus loads of tourists descended on the town.
在我們離開那里的前一天,好幾個(gè)公共汽車,滿載著游客向這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)撲了過來。
overtake 的原義是"趕上或追上",在表示襲擊時(shí),主語通常是"風(fēng)暴、災(zāi)難、不幸的事情"等。在用作"襲擊"時(shí),與其原義有關(guān)系,漢語中也有"那時(shí)正趕上天下大亂"等類似的表達(dá)方式。
We know instinctively,just as beekeepers with their bees that misfortune might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related to it.
我們本能地懂得,正如養(yǎng)蜂人對(duì)待蜜蜂一樣,如果不把我們生活中的重大事件告訴這條河,我們就會(huì)遭到厄運(yùn)的襲擊。
attempt,try,endeavour這三個(gè)同義詞都可以用作動(dòng)詞,它們的一般含義是致力于可能成功也可能失敗的某件事。
attempt 的含義是去做自己希望會(huì)成功的事,常常包含冒險(xiǎn)的意義。
It will be a long time before any landing on Mars can be attempted.
試圖在火星上著陸是一件遙遠(yuǎn)的事。
Over a year passed before the first attempt was made.
一年多的時(shí)間過去之后,才作了首次嘗試。
try 比 attempt 普通得多。在口語中使用 try 比使用 attempt 顯得淺近通俗。但這兩個(gè)詞有著明顯的差異。try 表示試一試,意即欲證明或檢驗(yàn)?zāi)臣?,這是 attempt 所不能表達(dá)的。在表示致力于某事時(shí),try 并不包含冒險(xiǎn)的意思。
You can try on the new coat.
這件新上衣,你可以試一試。
I tried to say something,but my mouth was full of cotton wool.
我想說句話,但我嘴里塞滿了藥棉。
endeavour 也表示致力于某事,但通常強(qiáng)調(diào)這種事情要求非同尋常的努力,或真切而誠懇的努力。如果某事輕而易舉,不難辦到,避免用 endeavour 而用 try.
The United Nations is endeavouring to establish peace.
聯(lián)合國正在致力確保和平。
Make an effort 努力
attract fascinate enchant charm
都含有"吸引", 或"給人以喜悅之感"的意思。
attract 指"以悅?cè)说捻B(tài)使人喜歡、羨慕或注目", 如:
He was attracted by her beauty.
他被她的美貌所吸引。
fascinate 指"使人非常感興趣, 以致于要繼續(xù)看下去或做下去等", 如:
fascinate vt. 1.迷住, 使神魂顛倒; 吸引; 使感興趣 2.蠱惑住
The children were fascinated by all the toys in the shop windows.
那些孩子被商店櫥窗里所有的玩具迷住了。
charm 指"使 人喜悅"、"使迷醉", 如:
n.吸引力, (女人的)魔力, 魅力, 符咒 vt.迷人, 使陶醉, 行魔法 vi.用符咒, 有魔力
Her beautiful voice charms everyone.
她優(yōu)美的聲音迷醉了每個(gè)人。
enchant 通常為由于喜悅而"著迷", 如: n.巫士, 妖人, 令人銷魂者 1.迷惑 著迷 2.妖術(shù); 魅力 -tress [-tris] vt.施魔法, 使迷惑
She was enchanted by the flowers you sent her.
她非常喜歡你送給她的花。
escape avoid evade elude
都含"避免"、"逃避"的意思。
escape 指"脫離或避開即將來臨或近在眼前的傷害、危險(xiǎn)、災(zāi)禍等事物"常作借喻用, 如:
escape death
脫離死亡。
avoid 強(qiáng)調(diào)"有意識(shí)地躲避不愉快的或可能發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)的事物或情況", 如:
I cannot avoid meeting her.
我怎么也避不開她。
evade 強(qiáng)調(diào)"用心機(jī)或狡猾的手段逃避或回避對(duì)自己不利的東西", 如: 逃避, 躲避; 回避; 漏(稅)
evade one's duties
逃避職責(zé)
evade an attack
躲避攻擊
evade income taxes
偷漏所得稅
evade one's duty
逃避責(zé)任。
elude 指"避開極接近的麻煩或巧妙、迅速地逃避", 如: 躲避(危險(xiǎn)等); 逃避(追捕等); 逃脫
困惑, 使迷離
elude pursuit
逃避追捕
elude observation
避人耳目
elude one's understanding
使人不解
The criminal eluded the police.
那個(gè)罪犯甩掉了警察的追捕。
aware conscious sensible
都含有"意識(shí)到的"意思。
aware 側(cè)重"感官所意識(shí)到的外界事物", 如:
Everybody is aware of the importance of the Four Modernizations.
每個(gè)人都意識(shí)到了四化的重要性。
conscious 側(cè)重"心理感知", 如:
He is conscious of a sense of quilt.
他感到內(nèi)疚。
sensible 指"可用感官察覺到的(較復(fù)雜或抽象的事物的)", 如:
I was sensible of her solemn grief.
我知道她很悲哀。
conflict fight struggle
都含"戰(zhàn)斗" 、" 斗爭(zhēng)"的意思。
conflict指"由于嚴(yán)重不一致, 而引起抵觸或沖突", 如:Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours. 他們對(duì)于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)起因的報(bào)告與我們的報(bào)告相反。
fight原義是"打仗"、"戰(zhàn)斗", 指"任何形式的斗爭(zhēng)", 特別強(qiáng)調(diào)"短兵相接", 如:The two boys fought. 兩個(gè)孩子動(dòng)手打起來了。
struggle本義是"掙扎", 指"克服某種障礙或困難, 以達(dá)到某種目的", 意味著"處境難", 如:They were struggling for peace. 他們?yōu)楹推蕉窢?zhēng)。
oppose object resist
都含"反對(duì)"的意思。
oppose 為常用詞, 指"對(duì)某人、某事采取積極行動(dòng)來反對(duì)", 著重動(dòng)作,尤指"反對(duì)一種觀念、思想、計(jì)劃等", 如:
The father opposed to his son's marriage.
父親反對(duì)兒子的婚事。
object 常指"用言論或論據(jù)等表示反對(duì)", 著重"個(gè)人嫌厭"和"(由于與個(gè)人有關(guān)因此)提出反對(duì)意見", 如:
I objected to his plan.
我反對(duì)他的計(jì)劃。
resist 指"積極地反抗、對(duì)抗"、"用武力阻止……的前進(jìn)", 如:
resist the enemy
抵抗敵人。
quarrel wrangle altercate squabble
都含"爭(zhēng)吵"的意思。
quarrel指" 由于憤怒而爭(zhēng)吵", 內(nèi)含"其結(jié)果可能為持續(xù)的對(duì)立", 如:
The thieves quarrel (l)ed with one another about how to divide the loot.
小偷們?yōu)槿绾畏众E而互相爭(zhēng)吵。
wrangle指"口角"、"爭(zhēng)吵", 著重"在爭(zhēng)吵中各方堅(jiān)持己見", 如:
The students wrangled about who should sit in front.
同學(xué)們?yōu)榱苏l坐在前面而爭(zhēng)吵不休。
altercate 指"爭(zhēng)吵"、"吵嘴", 可能動(dòng)手, 也可能不動(dòng)手, 如:
altercate on the locations of the battle
為競(jìng)賽地點(diǎn)爭(zhēng)吵。
squabble 指"為小事爭(zhēng)吵", 如:
No man will squabble over a nickel.
沒有人會(huì)為了五分錢而吵架。
slide slip glide
都含"滑動(dòng)"的意思。
slide 指"始終接觸一平滑表面而滑動(dòng)", 如:
Some boys are -ing on the ice.
一些男孩子在溜冰。
slip指"表面光滑沒摩擦力, 不是持續(xù)接觸而滑動(dòng)", 并可指"突然地、不由自主地滑動(dòng)", 如:
The pen slipped from his hand.
鋼筆從他手中滑落。
glide指"持續(xù)而平穩(wěn)地在光滑表面上自由滑動(dòng), 但不一定在同一光滑表面上滑動(dòng)", 如:
A boat glided past.
小船輕輕駛過。
slide,slip,glide,skid這組同義詞的一般含義為"滑動(dòng)"或"滑".
slide所表示的"滑動(dòng)"含有這樣幾層意思:光滑的面接觸,通常為加速運(yùn)動(dòng)。用于比喻時(shí),表示不自主地陷入某種習(xí)慣等
For one agonizing moment, the dish was perched precariously on the bank of the canal, but it suddenly overbalanced and slid back into the water.
在令人坐臥不安的一瞬間,餡餅盤懸懸乎乎地停在運(yùn)河岸邊,然而它突然失去了平衡,滑回水中。
Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship.
后來當(dāng)船上的貨物、壓艙物、彈藥以及400個(gè)人轟的一聲滑到急劇傾斜的船體左舷一側(cè)的時(shí)候,岸上觀看的人們聽到了雷鳴般的轟隆聲。
But it is more important not to think lies, or to slide into those mechanical and untruthful habits of thought which are so pleasant and so easy as descents to mental ineptitude.
但是更重要的是不去想謊言,也不陷入無意識(shí)的、不誠實(shí)的思維習(xí)慣, 這種思維習(xí)慣如此他令人愜意和自在,就象淪為智力低能一樣。
slip 所表示的"滑"與slide相比,接觸面更滑,但不象slide那樣持續(xù)地滑動(dòng),而是突然的或短暫的滑動(dòng),如滑倒。用于比喻時(shí),可以表示"口誤"(a slip of the tongue),"筆誤"(a slip of the pen);"悄悄地溜進(jìn)……"(slip into…)"輕巧而迅速地穿過"(slip through)等等。
He was still mumbling something about hospitals at the end of the party when he slipped on a piece of ice and broke his left leg.
宴會(huì)結(jié)束時(shí),他仍在咕噥著醫(yī)院里的事。說著說著,他在一塊冰上滑倒,跌斷了左腿。
It tires not nor does it boast of its power, but belongs to the air, travelling it may be six thousand miles to and from its northern nesting home feeding its flown young as it flies and slipping through a medium that seems to help its passage evenwhen the wind is adverse.
glide 可以像slide那樣持續(xù)地滑,但不一定像slide那樣以面接觸進(jìn)行滑動(dòng)。鳥在天空中翱翔,小船在水面蕩漾,都可以用glide表示。這時(shí)雖有空氣和水與運(yùn)動(dòng)著的鳥和船這樣的物體之間的面接觸,但與slide運(yùn)動(dòng)相比,可把這種面接觸的摩擦力視為極小的數(shù)值,好象沒有摩擦力一樣。此外,諸如自行車順著下坡路面自行滑動(dòng),和即將到站的火車靠其慣性作自行滑動(dòng),也可以用glide表示。
The albatross is the king of gliders.
信天翁是滑翔鳥類。
Soothed by the peace of my journey, I had lost all count of time but eventually I became aware that the boat was gliding slowly towards the bank.
旅途平靜,我們的心情也安定,因此我失去了一切時(shí)間的概念。但是我終于覺察到我乘的小船在慢悠悠地向岸邊蕩去。
Then the train was gliding to a ten minutes'stop at the tiny station.
后來列車徐徐地駛進(jìn)那個(gè)小站,將???0分鐘。
skid 表示"打滑".如汽車在結(jié)冰的道路上行駛有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)車輪不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而車體向一側(cè)滑動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。又如:高速行駛的汽車在急轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí),車身向一側(cè)的滑動(dòng)。
All the wheels of the truck were tied up with iron chains to avoid skidding on the ice road.
大卡車的所有輪子上都捆上了鐵鏈,以防止在結(jié)冰的路面上打滑。
During the race, the leading car skidded and overturned.
在比賽中的那輛車向一側(cè)打滑并且翻倒了。
begin,start,end,stop這是詞義正好相反的兩組詞。begin 的反義詞為 end;start 的反義詞為 stop.
begin 表示"開始",其內(nèi)涵是"使處于進(jìn)程中"
Work on it had begun before my sister left.
這座房子在我姐姐離開之前就已經(jīng)動(dòng)工了。
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather,…
他幾乎馬上便開始抱怨天氣了,……