第三節(jié) 代 詞（2-2~3-3）
包括
人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。
一、人稱代詞
人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱代詞：
在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：
Liping and I are in charge of the work.
My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.
二、物主代詞
物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（接在of 后面）。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞：
名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：
My bag is yellow， his（his bag） is black and theirs（their bags） are brown.
三、反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中有下列反身代詞：
反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：
Please help yourself to some tea.（賓語(yǔ)）
The boy is too young to look after himself.（賓語(yǔ)）
I'll be myself again in no time.（表語(yǔ)）
The desk itself is not so heavy. （同位語(yǔ)）
I fixed the door myself. （同位語(yǔ)）
四、指示代詞
指示代詞包括this， that， these， those 和such， 在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等（such不作賓語(yǔ)）。
that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)
The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量
The best wine is that from France.
My room is lighter than the one next door.
I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.
The film is more funny than that one.
that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：
They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble.
She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent.
I want to know this： How much money we have left？
What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如：
I don't want that much.
He is not that wise.
The book is about this thick.
五。疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：
Who is speaking？ （主語(yǔ)）
Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one？ （賓語(yǔ)）
What's your sister？（表語(yǔ)）
The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.（引導(dǎo)定從句）
The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. （引導(dǎo)定從句）
This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. （引導(dǎo)定從句）
I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. （引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）
疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如：
Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ？誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人？
I'll say whatever comes into my head.
Take whichever book you like.
六。不定代詞
不定代詞包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。
（一）both， either， neither
both 表示"兩者（都）"，either表示"（兩者之中）任何一個(gè)"，neither表示"（兩者之中）沒(méi)有一個(gè)".三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。
My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.（be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事）
Neither of the answers is right.
Either of the books belongs to you.
You and I are both to blame.
You both agreed to stay.
Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。
（二）all， none， no， one
all和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表示"全部都"和"一個(gè)都沒(méi)有"，none往往與of連用。
All of us are fond of sports.（be fond of 愛(ài)好）
We are all for him.（be for sb 支持某人）
Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（諺）
None of them know how to read and write.
A friend to all is a friend to none. 濫交者無(wú)友。（諺）
None of us are perfect.
None of them has had that kind of experience.
no表示"沒(méi)有"，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于not a 或not any，not否定動(dòng)詞，no否定名詞。
Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。（諺）
No man is born wise. 沒(méi)有人是生來(lái)聰明的。（諺）
I'm no dancer. （I'm not a dancer.）
one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Your answer is a good one.
I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.
I haven't got a raincoat. I'll have to buy one.
（三）each， every
each 和every表示"每一個(gè)"，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。
The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.（shake hands with 握手）
The students try to set aside a little money each month.（set aside 節(jié)約）
From each according to his ability， to each according to his needs（work）。各盡所能，按需分配。
I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.
There is every possibility of our winning the game.
every 還常用在every little while （每隔一會(huì)），every other day， every three days（每隔兩天），every ten miles（每隔十英里）， every now and then （不時(shí)），every four years， every other line， one out of every three students.
（四）few， a few， little， a little， many， much
few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。
Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。（諺）
Few words are best. 話少。（諺）
They don't take much interest in it.
I know little about it.
There's a little water left in the jar.
Few of them have been to India.
I've read a few books written by Dickens.
（五）other， the other， others， the others， another
泛指 特指 充當(dāng)名詞單數(shù) 充當(dāng)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 充當(dāng)形容詞
other √ √
the other √ √（表示兩者當(dāng)中的另外一個(gè)） √
others √ √
the others √ √
another √ √ √
Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America.
Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America.
The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.
The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.（so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 區(qū)分）
Some students are watering the flowers， others are weeding the fields.
The task will be finished in another three days.
Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others？
Please give me another example to illustrate your point.
There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother， another is for my father and the third is for me.
七、it的用法
1.指代一個(gè)人或事物。
It's only a fifteen-minute ride to my school.
It often rains in the south of China.
"Who's that？" "It's Liming."
It's early spring.
2.作句子的形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。
It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.
It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.
The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan.
I spent ten hours in finishing the work.
I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.
It is no use crying now. You'd better study hard now.（it is no use doing sth. ）
To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.（to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇）
It's a pity that you didn't watch the match.
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
3.作句子的形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。
They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.
I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.（It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的）
We find it difficult to learn English without practicing.
I think it no use telling them.
I don't think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.（take part in 參加）
He feels it his duty to help others.
4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)，并且主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，句型中的that 也可以換作who.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is that…
It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.
It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.（not until 直到……才）
It was they who attended the meeting last week.
It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.
考試重點(diǎn)
that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。
不定代詞中，both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。every只能跟名詞，each可以跟名詞也可以不跟名詞。every在代詞部分要出現(xiàn)當(dāng)每隔……講。
few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定。
one the other，some others，the others
it用法重點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不接is.
代詞部分的難點(diǎn)之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞的區(qū)別。顧名思義，形容詞型物主代詞起的是形容詞的作用，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞起的是名詞的作用，代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，在句子中一般作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。
Let's clean their room first and ______ later.
A. our B. us C. we D. ours
（答案為D，ours 相當(dāng)于our room.）
代詞部分的主要考核點(diǎn)是不定代詞。如some， any， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， one， none， all， both， either， neither， each， every， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every 與body， one， thing 構(gòu)成的合成代詞。
（1）泛指與特指。如：another， other， others 是泛指，the other， the others是特指。
（2）肯定與否定。如：a few， a little， either， some 及其合成代詞表示肯定，few， little， none， neither， any 及其合成代詞表示否定。
（3）可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：few， a few， many， one 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。
代詞部分的另一個(gè)考核點(diǎn)是it.
it 可以代替上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物。
The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. （it 指代the picture.）
it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事
It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.
He made it plain that he was annoyed with me.
it 還可以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即"It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that …".當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，并且是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以換成who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉it is / was 與that即成為普通的句子。
It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant.
It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight.
典型例題
1. "How often do you take the medicine ？"
"______ four hours."
A. For B. Any C. Every D. Each
答案 C
2. "Is this bike yours？"
"No， it's ______."
A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bob's D. Bobs'
答案 C
3. "Is there ______ good on TV this evening？"
"Sorry， nothing good. "
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
肯定句中用something，否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用anything.
答案 C
4. You have a good suggestion， but it's not as practical as _______.
A. he B. him C. his D. her
答案 C
5. A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab.
A. it out B. out it C. them out D. out them
carry out 實(shí)施 賓格放在詞組中間，名詞放在詞組后面。如，carry out his experiments
答案 C
6. Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim（苗條）。
A. everyone B. anybody C. somebody D. no one
enjoy doing sth.
anybody在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中指沒(méi)有人，在肯定句中指任何人。
答案 D
7. You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because there's hardly _____ left.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
hardly 否定詞，幾乎不的意思。
答案 A
8. He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
本題主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
drink too much 喝多了
too much wine 太多的酒
答案 B
9. She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away.
A. other day B. another day C. every other day D. any other day
every other 每隔……
答案 C
10. It was terrible. One passenger was killed， and _____ was badly hurt.
A. the others B. rest C. the rest D. the other
he others后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞接復(fù)數(shù)。
答案 D
11. Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable.
A. the others B. others C. the other D. another
some others
comfortable 舒適的
答案 B
12. If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office， please have ________ leave a message for me .
A. he B. him C. they D. them
have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
答案 B
13. The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
pony 小馬
主語(yǔ) first thing，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 was to go out to see，賓語(yǔ) the pony.
答案 A
14. "I'd like some more bananas."
"I'm sorry， there is _______ left."
A. no B. some C. few D. none
答案 D
15. There are two windows in this bedroom. _______ of them face south， overlooking a beautiful park.
A. Both B. One C. The two D. Either
either 開(kāi)頭謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要接單數(shù)，both謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
答案 A
16. The jacket doesn't fit Terry， as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small.
A. such a； such B. such a； so
C. so ； so D. so ； such a
such修飾名詞，so修飾形容詞。
so huge the body
答案 B
17. "Why are you smiling？"
"Oh， I've just thought of _________."
A. funny something B. something funny
C. nothing funny D. funny anything
形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞的后面。
不定代詞：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody.
答案 B
18. Young babies can use _________ hand equally well.
A. either B. each C. both D. every
強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之中任何一個(gè)
答案 A
19. _______ road out of town is good， but this one is better than the other.
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
答案 D
20. "I felt a bit hungry."
"Why don't you have ______ bread？"
A. any B. some C. little D. a piece
習(xí)語(yǔ) Why don't you have some……
答案 B
21. It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 D
22. Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before.
A. this B. that C. it D it's
it is possible ……是可能的
答案 C
23. It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
it is…… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 B
24. "Have you heard the news about Tom？"
"No， what _______ ？"
A. was it B. were they C. are they D. is it
news 當(dāng)消息講是不可數(shù)名詞
答案 D
25. I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself.
A. you B. you are C. it isn't D. you were
I wonder why 賓語(yǔ)從句
答案 C
26. "Did Amy's parents leave her any money？"
"No， she has to support ______ now."
A. herself B. by herself C. all alone D. on her own
support oneself 養(yǎng)活自己
答案 A
27. In _____ own way， mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.
A. it B. its C. their D. theirs
mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)（單數(shù)）
答案 B
28. Neighbors ought to respect _______ .
A. themselves B. one another C. each one D. to each other
答案 B
29. This furniture is different from _______ .
A. ones B. your C. that one D. that
furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，
答案 D
30. For ______ interested in nature， the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.
A. that B. this C. these D. those
hike 徒步旅行，overnight campinng在野外露營(yíng)
答案 D
31. "May I help you with some shoes， sir？"
"Yes， I'd like to try on those brown _______ ."
A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
shoes是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)應(yīng)ones
try on 試穿
答案 B
32. "Do you like the book Sidney gave you？"
"Very much. It's exactly _______ I wanted."
A. one which B. the one C. one that D. one what
下文提到上文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用the one
答案 B
33. "Shall I mail the letter for you？"
"Yes ， I'd appreciate ________."
A. that you do B. you to do it C. this D. it
指代前面提到的事，用it.
答案 D
34. The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat.
A. nothing else B. anything else C. something other D. nothing other
修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。
live on 以……為生
答案 A
35. ________ doesn't matter what you do at this point.
A. They B. All C. He D. It
it doesn't matter 沒(méi)關(guān)系
答案 D
36. People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.
A. that B. it C. this D. /
it 是形式賓語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)。
答案 B
37. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. it B. that C. this D. those
答案 A
38. "Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？"
"No， ______ only the two passengers who got hurt."
A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 A
39. __________ he realized it was too late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly it grew dark when
C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark when
no sonner than=as soon as 一……就……
scarcely when=as soon as
hardly when=as soon as
答案 C
40. It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book.
A. and B. when she C. she D. that she
not until 直到……才
答案 D
41. It was ______ who arrived there first ， despite our detour（繞路）。
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
答案 B
42. It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going.
A. after B. before C. when D. not until
after 在……之后
before 在……之前
when 當(dāng)……時(shí)候
not until 直到……才
答案 D
43. It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away.
A. until B. till C. not until D. not till
until 直到
till 直到
not until 直到……才
答案 C
包括
人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞及其用法。
一、人稱代詞
人稱代詞有第一、第二、第三人稱和單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分，在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)中有下列人稱代詞：
在并列的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：
Liping and I are in charge of the work.
My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.
二、物主代詞
物主代詞有形容詞型與名詞型之分。形容詞型物主代詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞在句子中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)（接在of 后面）。英語(yǔ)中有下列物主代詞：
名詞型的物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞型的物主代詞加上上文出現(xiàn)的名詞。如：
My bag is yellow， his（his bag） is black and theirs（their bags） are brown.
三、反身代詞
英語(yǔ)中有下列反身代詞：
反身代詞在句子中可以作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。如：
Please help yourself to some tea.（賓語(yǔ)）
The boy is too young to look after himself.（賓語(yǔ)）
I'll be myself again in no time.（表語(yǔ)）
The desk itself is not so heavy. （同位語(yǔ)）
I fixed the door myself. （同位語(yǔ)）
四、指示代詞
指示代詞包括this， that， these， those 和such， 在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等（such不作賓語(yǔ)）。
that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。用the one 的時(shí)候更多一些。如：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生產(chǎn)
The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 產(chǎn)量
The best wine is that from France.
My room is lighter than the one next door.
I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.
The film is more funny than that one.
that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。如：
They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble.
She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent.
I want to know this： How much money we have left？
What I want to say is this： Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
this 和that 有時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示程度。如：
I don't want that much.
He is not that wise.
The book is about this thick.
五。疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞包括what， which， who， whom， whose， 可以用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，也可以引導(dǎo)名詞從句。 What， which， who在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)，whose作定語(yǔ)。如：
Who is speaking？ （主語(yǔ)）
Which do you prefer， the yellow one or the white one？ （賓語(yǔ)）
What's your sister？（表語(yǔ)）
The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.（引導(dǎo)定從句）
The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. （引導(dǎo)定從句）
This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. （引導(dǎo)定從句）
I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. （引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）
疑問(wèn)代詞what， which， who， whom后面可以加ever來(lái)加重語(yǔ)氣。如：
Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ？誰(shuí)這么深更半夜來(lái)找人？
I'll say whatever comes into my head.
Take whichever book you like.
六。不定代詞
不定代詞包括both， either， neither， all， none， no， one， each， every， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， some， any， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。
（一）both， either， neither
both 表示"兩者（都）"，either表示"（兩者之中）任何一個(gè)"，neither表示"（兩者之中）沒(méi)有一個(gè)".三個(gè)詞在句子中都可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，both還可以作同位語(yǔ)。
My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.（be good at 擅長(zhǎng)做某事）
Neither of the answers is right.
Either of the books belongs to you.
You and I are both to blame.
You both agreed to stay.
Both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。
（二）all， none， no， one
all和none用于三者以上的場(chǎng)合，分別表示"全部都"和"一個(gè)都沒(méi)有"，none往往與of連用。
All of us are fond of sports.（be fond of 愛(ài)好）
We are all for him.（be for sb 支持某人）
Grasp all， lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（諺）
None of them know how to read and write.
A friend to all is a friend to none. 濫交者無(wú)友。（諺）
None of us are perfect.
None of them has had that kind of experience.
no表示"沒(méi)有"，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于not a 或not any，not否定動(dòng)詞，no否定名詞。
Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不等人。（諺）
No man is born wise. 沒(méi)有人是生來(lái)聰明的。（諺）
I'm no dancer. （I'm not a dancer.）
one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠詞，可以有自己的定語(yǔ)，還可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Your answer is a good one.
I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.
I haven't got a raincoat. I'll have to buy one.
（三）each， every
each 和every表示"每一個(gè)"，every 在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，each 可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。
The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.（shake hands with 握手）
The students try to set aside a little money each month.（set aside 節(jié)約）
From each according to his ability， to each according to his needs（work）。各盡所能，按需分配。
I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.
There is every possibility of our winning the game.
every 還常用在every little while （每隔一會(huì)），every other day， every three days（每隔兩天），every ten miles（每隔十英里）， every now and then （不時(shí)），every four years， every other line， one out of every three students.
（四）few， a few， little， a little， many， much
few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。
Many hands make light work. 人多好辦事。（諺）
Few words are best. 話少。（諺）
They don't take much interest in it.
I know little about it.
There's a little water left in the jar.
Few of them have been to India.
I've read a few books written by Dickens.
（五）other， the other， others， the others， another
泛指 特指 充當(dāng)名詞單數(shù) 充當(dāng)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 充當(dāng)形容詞
other √ √
the other √ √（表示兩者當(dāng)中的另外一個(gè)） √
others √ √
the others √ √
another √ √ √
Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan， the others from America.
Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan， others were from America.
The United States， unlike many other countries， receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.
The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.（so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 區(qū)分）
Some students are watering the flowers， others are weeding the fields.
The task will be finished in another three days.
Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others？
Please give me another example to illustrate your point.
There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother， another is for my father and the third is for me.
七、it的用法
1.指代一個(gè)人或事物。
It's only a fifteen-minute ride to my school.
It often rains in the south of China.
"Who's that？" "It's Liming."
It's early spring.
2.作句子的形式主語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。
It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.
It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.
The color TV set costs me more than 2，000 yuan.
I spent ten hours in finishing the work.
I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.
It is no use crying now. You'd better study hard now.（it is no use doing sth. ）
To his surprise， it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.（to one's surprise 使某人感到驚奇）
It's a pity that you didn't watch the match.
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
3.作句子的形式賓語(yǔ)，代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。
They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.
I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.（It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的）
We find it difficult to learn English without practicing.
I think it no use telling them.
I don't think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.（take part in 參加）
He feels it his duty to help others.
4.構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是主語(yǔ)，并且主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，句型中的that 也可以換作who.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本構(gòu)成 it is that…
It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.
It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.（not until 直到……才）
It was they who attended the meeting last week.
It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.
考試重點(diǎn)
that和those有時(shí)分別用來(lái)代表前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)，以避免重復(fù)。而可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)往往用the one 或that one 來(lái)代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要談的事情。
不定代詞中，both 放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前，系動(dòng)詞be 的后面。every只能跟名詞，each可以跟名詞也可以不跟名詞。every在代詞部分要出現(xiàn)當(dāng)每隔……講。
few， a few， many 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。few， little表示否定。
one the other，some others，the others
it用法重點(diǎn)就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。it作為形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不接is.
代詞部分的難點(diǎn)之一是名詞型物主代詞與形容詞型物主代詞的區(qū)別。顧名思義，形容詞型物主代詞起的是形容詞的作用，在句子中只能作定語(yǔ)，名詞型物主代詞起的是名詞的作用，代替上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，在句子中一般作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。
Let's clean their room first and ______ later.
A. our B. us C. we D. ours
（答案為D，ours 相當(dāng)于our room.）
代詞部分的主要考核點(diǎn)是不定代詞。如some， any， few， a few， little， a little， many， much， one， none， all， both， either， neither， each， every， other， another， 以及some， any， no， every 與body， one， thing 構(gòu)成的合成代詞。
（1）泛指與特指。如：another， other， others 是泛指，the other， the others是特指。
（2）肯定與否定。如：a few， a little， either， some 及其合成代詞表示肯定，few， little， none， neither， any 及其合成代詞表示否定。
（3）可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：few， a few， many， one 修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞，little， a little， much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞。
代詞部分的另一個(gè)考核點(diǎn)是it.
it 可以代替上文出現(xiàn)的單數(shù)事物。
The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. （it 指代the picture.）
it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事
It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.
He made it plain that he was annoyed with me.
it 還可以構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，即"It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+ that …".當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人，并且是主語(yǔ)時(shí)，that可以換成who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句去掉it is / was 與that即成為普通的句子。
It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant.
It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight.
典型例題
1. "How often do you take the medicine ？"
"______ four hours."
A. For B. Any C. Every D. Each
答案 C
2. "Is this bike yours？"
"No， it's ______."
A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bob's D. Bobs'
答案 C
3. "Is there ______ good on TV this evening？"
"Sorry， nothing good. "
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
肯定句中用something，否定句和疑問(wèn)句中用anything.
答案 C
4. You have a good suggestion， but it's not as practical as _______.
A. he B. him C. his D. her
答案 C
5. A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab.
A. it out B. out it C. them out D. out them
carry out 實(shí)施 賓格放在詞組中間，名詞放在詞組后面。如，carry out his experiments
答案 C
6. Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim（苗條）。
A. everyone B. anybody C. somebody D. no one
enjoy doing sth.
anybody在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中指沒(méi)有人，在肯定句中指任何人。
答案 D
7. You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because there's hardly _____ left.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
hardly 否定詞，幾乎不的意思。
答案 A
8. He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
本題主要考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。
drink too much 喝多了
too much wine 太多的酒
答案 B
9. She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away.
A. other day B. another day C. every other day D. any other day
every other 每隔……
答案 C
10. It was terrible. One passenger was killed， and _____ was badly hurt.
A. the others B. rest C. the rest D. the other
he others后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞接復(fù)數(shù)。
答案 D
11. Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable.
A. the others B. others C. the other D. another
some others
comfortable 舒適的
答案 B
12. If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office， please have ________ leave a message for me .
A. he B. him C. they D. them
have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
答案 B
13. The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
pony 小馬
主語(yǔ) first thing，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 was to go out to see，賓語(yǔ) the pony.
答案 A
14. "I'd like some more bananas."
"I'm sorry， there is _______ left."
A. no B. some C. few D. none
答案 D
15. There are two windows in this bedroom. _______ of them face south， overlooking a beautiful park.
A. Both B. One C. The two D. Either
either 開(kāi)頭謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要接單數(shù)，both謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
答案 A
16. The jacket doesn't fit Terry， as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small.
A. such a； such B. such a； so
C. so ； so D. so ； such a
such修飾名詞，so修飾形容詞。
so huge the body
答案 B
17. "Why are you smiling？"
"Oh， I've just thought of _________."
A. funny something B. something funny
C. nothing funny D. funny anything
形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞的后面。
不定代詞：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobody.
答案 B
18. Young babies can use _________ hand equally well.
A. either B. each C. both D. every
強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者之中任何一個(gè)
答案 A
19. _______ road out of town is good， but this one is better than the other.
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
答案 D
20. "I felt a bit hungry."
"Why don't you have ______ bread？"
A. any B. some C. little D. a piece
習(xí)語(yǔ) Why don't you have some……
答案 B
21. It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 D
22. Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before.
A. this B. that C. it D it's
it is possible ……是可能的
答案 C
23. It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
it is…… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 B
24. "Have you heard the news about Tom？"
"No， what _______ ？"
A. was it B. were they C. are they D. is it
news 當(dāng)消息講是不可數(shù)名詞
答案 D
25. I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself.
A. you B. you are C. it isn't D. you were
I wonder why 賓語(yǔ)從句
答案 C
26. "Did Amy's parents leave her any money？"
"No， she has to support ______ now."
A. herself B. by herself C. all alone D. on her own
support oneself 養(yǎng)活自己
答案 A
27. In _____ own way， mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.
A. it B. its C. their D. theirs
mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)（單數(shù)）
答案 B
28. Neighbors ought to respect _______ .
A. themselves B. one another C. each one D. to each other
答案 B
29. This furniture is different from _______ .
A. ones B. your C. that one D. that
furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，
答案 D
30. For ______ interested in nature， the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.
A. that B. this C. these D. those
hike 徒步旅行，overnight campinng在野外露營(yíng)
答案 D
31. "May I help you with some shoes， sir？"
"Yes， I'd like to try on those brown _______ ."
A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
shoes是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)應(yīng)ones
try on 試穿
答案 B
32. "Do you like the book Sidney gave you？"
"Very much. It's exactly _______ I wanted."
A. one which B. the one C. one that D. one what
下文提到上文提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，用the one
答案 B
33. "Shall I mail the letter for you？"
"Yes ， I'd appreciate ________."
A. that you do B. you to do it C. this D. it
指代前面提到的事，用it.
答案 D
34. The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat.
A. nothing else B. anything else C. something other D. nothing other
修飾不定代詞的形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。
live on 以……為生
答案 A
35. ________ doesn't matter what you do at this point.
A. They B. All C. He D. It
it doesn't matter 沒(méi)關(guān)系
答案 D
36. People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.
A. that B. it C. this D. /
it 是形式賓語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的賓語(yǔ)。
答案 B
37. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. it B. that C. this D. those
答案 A
38. "Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？"
"No， ______ only the two passengers who got hurt."
A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was
強(qiáng)調(diào)句
答案 A
39. __________ he realized it was too late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly it grew dark when
C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark when
no sonner than=as soon as 一……就……
scarcely when=as soon as
hardly when=as soon as
答案 C
40. It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book.
A. and B. when she C. she D. that she
not until 直到……才
答案 D
41. It was ______ who arrived there first ， despite our detour（繞路）。
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
答案 B
42. It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going.
A. after B. before C. when D. not until
after 在……之后
before 在……之前
when 當(dāng)……時(shí)候
not until 直到……才
答案 D
43. It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away.
A. until B. till C. not until D. not till
until 直到
till 直到
not until 直到……才
答案 C