成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)易混淆詞匯解析四

字號(hào):

76. especially,particularly,specially
    均可表"特別地".
    especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過(guò)其他事物。如:I love Italy,especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)
    particularly往往著重說(shuō)明與同類(lèi)事物不同的個(gè)別事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings,but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來(lái)訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫(huà),特別是他女兒的畫(huà)像。)
    specially 多表示"專(zhuān)門(mén)地","為特別目的的地",如表"不尋常","過(guò)分"等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
    77. exchange,replace,substitute
    均含有"換"之意。
    exchange指"互相交換".
    replace的含義為"替換","取代".如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛(ài)德華擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。)
    substitute則表示"用……代替".如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)
    78. fall,descend
    都可表向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。
    fall指由于重力突然從高處落下或因?yàn)槭テ胶舛?。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)
    descend多指沿著斜面而緩慢向下移動(dòng)。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)
    79. fame,honor,reputation
    都可表名聲。
    fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)
    honor榮譽(yù),尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽(yù)和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)
    reputation名譽(yù),指公眾對(duì)某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。)
    80. fell,fall
    fell砍伐(樹(shù)木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們?cè)诳硺?shù)。)
    fell也可作fall的過(guò)去式;fell作"砍伐"時(shí),它的過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞分別為felled, felled.
    81. formally,formerly
    formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.
    formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
    82. frank,honest,sincere
    都與坦率有關(guān)。
    frank直率的,坦白的,著重表達(dá)自己的情感和想法時(shí)沒(méi)有保留。如:To be frank with you,I do not know the answer myself.(老實(shí)說(shuō),我自己也不知道答案。)
    honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)則。如:We want your honest opinion,not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠(chéng)心懇的意見(jiàn),而不是空洞的恭維。)
    Sincere誠(chéng)摯的,誠(chéng)懇的,強(qiáng)調(diào)出自?xún)?nèi)心的真心實(shí)意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請(qǐng)接受這份表示我真誠(chéng)感謝的禮物。)
    83. gaze,stare,glance,glimpse
    都與"看"有關(guān)。
    gaze"凝視",強(qiáng)調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。
    Stare強(qiáng)調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無(wú)意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。
    glare"怒視",是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。
    glimpse"一瞥",是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。
    [注意]一般表示"看"的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch(have)a glimpse of這一搭配。
    84. genius,gift,talent
    都有天才之意。
    genius天才,是這三詞中程度的詞。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.
    gift天賦,比"天才"的意義要弱一點(diǎn),可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多藝。)
    talent才能,一般不用復(fù)數(shù),指通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)和勤奮掌握的本領(lǐng)、技術(shù)和其他的活動(dòng)能力。如:As a novelist,he shows great talent in characterization.(作為小說(shuō)家,他在描寫(xiě)人物方面顯出很大的才能。)
    85. get,achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain
    均可表"獲得".
    get用得最廣,可指以各種方式獲得各種東西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我從哪兒能得到足夠的資料?)
    achieve多指克服困難后取得勝利,成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)"得到"這一結(jié)果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的抱負(fù)。)
    acquire指通過(guò)本身的努力逐漸獲得知識(shí)、能力和榮譽(yù)等。如:acquire knowledge(獲得知識(shí))。
    attain為正式用詞,多用于莊重場(chǎng)合,主要指通過(guò)努力達(dá)到重要目的或得到珍貴的東西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科學(xué)家由于一次新發(fā)現(xiàn)而出了名。)
    gain多指付出極大努力后獲得或贏得給自己帶來(lái)優(yōu)勢(shì)的東西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奮戰(zhàn)后他們贏得了勝利。)
    obtain多指憑努力或懇求得到急需或很想得到的東西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍華德沒(méi)能得到獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。)
    86. grasp,seize,snatch
    都有"抓"的意思。
    grasp為常用詞,是用適度的力量抓牢。
    seize是突然用力抓住。
    snatch"攫取",指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。
    87. hanged,hung
    hang,hanged,hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.
    Hang,hung,hung懸掛。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.
    88. haste,hurry, peed
    都與速度有關(guān)。
    haste急速,急忙,多指人的動(dòng)作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急著走。)
    hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混亂,焦急和忙亂的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.
    Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙亂或焦急。如:More haste,less speed.(欲速則不達(dá)。)
    89. hard,hardly
    hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You've been working too hard.
    hardly幾乎不,簡(jiǎn)直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
    90. home,house
    home家。如:East or west,home is best.
    House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.
    91. equal,equivalent,identical,same
    皆含相同,相等之意。
    equal相同的,相等的,特指"數(shù)量,價(jià)值等"相同。如:Their ages are equal.
    equivalent相等的,特指"價(jià)值,效力,意義"等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.
    identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
    identical相同的,相等的,側(cè)重于某一細(xì)節(jié)上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在兩種場(chǎng)合穿同樣的衣服。)
    same相同的,表示在質(zhì)量、類(lèi)型、外表或意義上相同,而實(shí)際上有差異。如:He is of about the same age as you.
    92. imaginable,imaginary,imaginative
    都是與想象有關(guān)的形容詞。
    imaginable可以想象得到的。如:This is the only solution imaginable.(這是惟一想得出的解決辦法。)
    imaginary假想的,虛構(gòu)的。如:an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虛構(gòu)人物)
    imaginative富于想象力力的。如:an imaginative artist(想像力豐定的藝術(shù)家)
    93. indifferent,different
    indifferent冷漠的,不關(guān)心的,同to搭配。如:He was indifferent to his personal appearance.(他從前不注意自己的外表。)
    different跟……不一樣,同from搭配。如:This book is different from that one.(這本書(shū)跟那本不一樣。)
    94. industrial,industrious
    industrial工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的。如:Italy is becoming an industrial nation.(意大利逐步成為工業(yè)國(guó)。)
    industrious勤勞的,勤奮的。如:He is an industrious student.(他是個(gè)用功的學(xué)生。)
    95. influence,effect
    都有"影響"之意。
    influence可作動(dòng)詞、名詞,指對(duì)某人的思想行為、性格等產(chǎn)生影響。如:She was influenced by her middle school teachers.(她受中學(xué)時(shí)的老師影響。)
    effect用作動(dòng)詞意為"造成","產(chǎn)生",用作名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)由于影響而產(chǎn)生特殊效果。如:The effects of the medicine are very good.(藥效很好。)
    96. intention,idea,purpose
    intention主要指?jìng)€(gè)人心里產(chǎn)生的做某事欲望或得到某物的想法,常見(jiàn)的搭配是have the intention of doing something.
    Idea指"意見(jiàn)","見(jiàn)解".
    Purpose意為"目的",著重于實(shí)現(xiàn)目的的決心和待付出的努力。如:For what purpose do you learn English?(你學(xué)英文的目的是什么?)
    97. last,latest,final,ultimate
    last最后的,與first相對(duì),還可指"上一次的".如:My seat is in the last row.
    latest最近的,指時(shí)間上。如:the latest news(最新消息)
    final最后的,指在一系列的事物中是最后的,而且是結(jié)論性的,決定性的。如:The judgment has become final.(這已是最后的判斷。)
    ultimate 最終的,最后的,用于正式場(chǎng)合,含有的和最有權(quán)威的結(jié)果。如:He never considered the ultimate result of his action.(他從未考慮其行為的后果。)
    98. lay,lie
    lay放,擱。如:Lay the book on the desk.(把書(shū)放在桌上。)
    lie(躺)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞分別為lay,lain;lie(說(shuō)謊)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為lied,lied;lay作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是laid,laid.
    99. literal,literary,literate
    literal文字上的,字面的。如:a literal interpretation of a passage(對(duì)一段文章的字面解釋?zhuān)?BR>    literary文學(xué)的。如:literary works(文學(xué)作品)
    literary有文化的(反義詞是illiterate),如:people applying for the job should be computer literate.(申請(qǐng)這份工作的人應(yīng)會(huì)使用電腦。)
    100.manufacture,make,produce
    manufacture制造,加工,較正式,通常表示把原料經(jīng)過(guò)一定程度制成產(chǎn)品,多指使用機(jī)器大批生產(chǎn)。如:This textile factory manufactures cloth of good quality.(這家紡織廠生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)布料。)
    make做,制造,最常用詞,使用較廣泛。如:She can make cakes.
    Produce生產(chǎn),制造,著重產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量。如:The chemical works produced 5,000 tons of chemical fertilizer last year.(這家化工廠去年生產(chǎn)了5000噸化肥。)