名詞性從句
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。來源: www.examda.com
(一)主語從句
1、 由that引起的主語從句
這是用的最廣泛的主語從句,但真正放在句首的這類從句是比較少的,因?yàn)橹髡Z太長會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕。不過有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語較長時(shí)也有這樣安排的。
e.g. That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.她成為一名藝術(shù)家也許是受她父親的影響。
絕大多數(shù)包含主語從句的句子都借助先行詞it作為形式上的主語,而把主語置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是……
d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
2、由連接代詞、連接副詞或由連詞whether引起的主語從句
Who is to head the delegation hasn’t been made public.誰來領(lǐng)到這個(gè)代表團(tuán)還沒有宣布。
When we arrive doesn’t matter.什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
3、由關(guān)系代詞型what引起的主語從句
What he said was perfectly true.他講的都是事實(shí)。
What you have to do is to choose a company to invest in.你需要做的是選一家公司投資。
Whatever,whoever,whichever都可引起主語從句
Whatever she says goes.一切她說了算。
Whoever comes will be welcome.誰來都?xì)g迎。
Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一個(gè),哪一個(gè)就是你的。
例題解析:
P41/ 10.______ is more important is not to lose the business, even though this price will leave us no profit at all.
A. such B. It C. That D. What
翻譯:更加重要的是不失去這筆生意,即使該價(jià)格將使我們無利可圖。
(二)表語從句
表語從句在句子中作表語, 位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞主要有:that, whether, when, where, because, etc。
1、表語從句多數(shù)都由that引起(有時(shí)that可以省略)
The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now.我的意見是我們馬上就做準(zhǔn)備開始工作。
2、表語從句也可由連接代詞、副詞引起:
That’s why I object to the plan. 這就是我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的原因。
The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 問題是能派誰去頂替他。
3、關(guān)系代詞型的what也可引起表語從句:
That’s what I want to stress.這是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。
Fame and personal gain is what they pursue.他們追求的是名利。
(三)賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。
1、 作動(dòng)詞的賓語
1)由that引起從句做賓語的情況十分普遍:
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
有些動(dòng)詞后的連詞that??墒÷?,如believe,think,suppose,presume(假定,假設(shè),認(rèn)為),在say,see,know, hear,propose,understand和be told等動(dòng)詞后連詞that可以用,也可以不用,在書面語中還是不省略為好。 來源: www.examda.com
例題解析:
P40/ 3. We find ______ transshipment and partial shipment of the Printed Shirting are not possible.
A. that B. what C. where D. there
整句翻譯:我們認(rèn)為印花細(xì)布的轉(zhuǎn)船和分批裝運(yùn)使不可能的。
2)賓語從句也可以由連接代詞、副詞或連詞whether(if)引起:
She inquired how we are going on. 她問我們情況怎樣?
I wonder what’s happened. 我想知道發(fā)生了什么事。
He asked me where I was going. 他問我到哪兒去。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
例題解析:
P41/ 4. Bearing this in mind, we are inquiring ______ we could now begin discussing the issue of sole agency.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
Inquire: ask about
整句翻譯:考慮到這一點(diǎn),我們正在問我們是否現(xiàn)在可以開始討論代理的問題。
P41/ 9. In order to obtain the needed information, the inquirer should write simply, clearly, and concisely ______ he wants to know.
A. what B. that C. so D. because
整句翻譯:為了得到需要的信息,調(diào)查者應(yīng)該把他想知道的東西寫得簡明扼要、一清二楚。
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。來源: www.examda.com
(一)主語從句
1、 由that引起的主語從句
這是用的最廣泛的主語從句,但真正放在句首的這類從句是比較少的,因?yàn)橹髡Z太長會(huì)顯得頭重腳輕。不過有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語較長時(shí)也有這樣安排的。
e.g. That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.她成為一名藝術(shù)家也許是受她父親的影響。
絕大多數(shù)包含主語從句的句子都借助先行詞it作為形式上的主語,而把主語置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。
It’s a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系:
a. It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明顯……
b. It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that… 人們相信……
It is known to all that… 從所周知……
It has been decided that… 已決定……
c. It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是……
d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
2、由連接代詞、連接副詞或由連詞whether引起的主語從句
Who is to head the delegation hasn’t been made public.誰來領(lǐng)到這個(gè)代表團(tuán)還沒有宣布。
When we arrive doesn’t matter.什么時(shí)候到?jīng)]有關(guān)系。
Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。
3、由關(guān)系代詞型what引起的主語從句
What he said was perfectly true.他講的都是事實(shí)。
What you have to do is to choose a company to invest in.你需要做的是選一家公司投資。
Whatever,whoever,whichever都可引起主語從句
Whatever she says goes.一切她說了算。
Whoever comes will be welcome.誰來都?xì)g迎。
Whichever you want is yours.你要哪一個(gè),哪一個(gè)就是你的。
例題解析:
P41/ 10.______ is more important is not to lose the business, even though this price will leave us no profit at all.
A. such B. It C. That D. What
翻譯:更加重要的是不失去這筆生意,即使該價(jià)格將使我們無利可圖。
(二)表語從句
表語從句在句子中作表語, 位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞主要有:that, whether, when, where, because, etc。
1、表語從句多數(shù)都由that引起(有時(shí)that可以省略)
The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。
My idea is that we should start making preparations right now.我的意見是我們馬上就做準(zhǔn)備開始工作。
2、表語從句也可由連接代詞、副詞引起:
That’s why I object to the plan. 這就是我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的原因。
The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 問題是能派誰去頂替他。
3、關(guān)系代詞型的what也可引起表語從句:
That’s what I want to stress.這是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。
Fame and personal gain is what they pursue.他們追求的是名利。
(三)賓語從句
賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句,通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。
1、 作動(dòng)詞的賓語
1)由that引起從句做賓語的情況十分普遍:
John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。
有些動(dòng)詞后的連詞that??墒÷?,如believe,think,suppose,presume(假定,假設(shè),認(rèn)為),在say,see,know, hear,propose,understand和be told等動(dòng)詞后連詞that可以用,也可以不用,在書面語中還是不省略為好。 來源: www.examda.com
例題解析:
P40/ 3. We find ______ transshipment and partial shipment of the Printed Shirting are not possible.
A. that B. what C. where D. there
整句翻譯:我們認(rèn)為印花細(xì)布的轉(zhuǎn)船和分批裝運(yùn)使不可能的。
2)賓語從句也可以由連接代詞、副詞或連詞whether(if)引起:
She inquired how we are going on. 她問我們情況怎樣?
I wonder what’s happened. 我想知道發(fā)生了什么事。
He asked me where I was going. 他問我到哪兒去。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。
例題解析:
P41/ 4. Bearing this in mind, we are inquiring ______ we could now begin discussing the issue of sole agency.
A. if B. that C. what D. where
Inquire: ask about
整句翻譯:考慮到這一點(diǎn),我們正在問我們是否現(xiàn)在可以開始討論代理的問題。
P41/ 9. In order to obtain the needed information, the inquirer should write simply, clearly, and concisely ______ he wants to know.
A. what B. that C. so D. because
整句翻譯:為了得到需要的信息,調(diào)查者應(yīng)該把他想知道的東西寫得簡明扼要、一清二楚。

