英語的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種:合成法,派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。
合成法(composition)
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的詞一起出現(xiàn),合成一個(gè)新詞的方法就稱為復(fù)合法,也叫合成法。所構(gòu)成的詞就叫復(fù)合詞或合成詞。合成詞在英語中也是比較活躍的,常見的有復(fù)合形容詞,復(fù)合名詞,復(fù)合動(dòng)詞。
復(fù)合形容詞常用做定語,有時(shí)也用做表語。如:
I have a five-year-old son. (定語)
Are you airsick? (表語)
職稱英語文章中常見的復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)詞方法:
形容詞+名詞+ed :absent-minded, good-tempered (形容詞和其修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系e.g. absent-minded = (with) an absent mind)
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:good-looking, fine-sounding(系動(dòng)詞和表語之間的關(guān)系 e.g. good-looking= looking good)
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:hardworking, far-reaching(動(dòng)詞和修飾該動(dòng)詞的副詞之間的關(guān)系 e.g. hardworking = working hard)
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:peace-loving(動(dòng)詞和其賓語之間的關(guān)系 e.g. peace-loving = loving peace)
名詞+表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞:state-owed, state-run(顯示被動(dòng)關(guān)系e.g. state-owed = owed by (the) state)
副詞+表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞:well-known, widespread(過去分詞和修飾該動(dòng)詞的副詞關(guān)系 e.g. well-known = known well )
形容詞+名詞:large-scale, high-class(形容詞和其修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系e.g. large-scale = (of) (a) large scale)
名詞+形容詞:duty-free(免稅的), airsick (暈飛機(jī))(名詞和與之相關(guān)的表語之間的關(guān)系(在這樣的情況下,往往表示邏輯關(guān)系的介詞會(huì)被省略掉) e.g. duty-free = (with) duty (being) free; 邏輯上的因果關(guān)系:e.g. (being) sick (of)air(plane))
以職稱英語書中用詞為例:
(Computer)In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information that they are …
名詞+過去分詞:Computer-based = based (on) computer 在計(jì)算機(jī)中使用的,計(jì)算機(jī)處理的
比較:a New York-based company 建立在紐約的公司
(Dangers Await Babies with Altitude) This is true in both high and low-income families.
形容詞+名詞Low-income = (with) low income 收入低的
(Science Fiction)Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,…
形容詞+名詞+ed : Clear-sighted = (with) clear sight 視力好的,聰明的, 英明的
(Science Fiction) Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into ...
副詞+過去分詞: Well-known = known well 被很多人知道的,的
(The Fridge) ..busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housed
副詞+過去分詞:Artificially-cooled = cooled artificially 人工降溫的
副詞+過去分詞:Artificially-heated = heated artificially 人工加熱的
復(fù)合名詞數(shù)量也很多,可用做主語和賓語等。一些復(fù)合名詞的構(gòu)成實(shí)際上與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞短語有關(guān)系, 如:
Sightseeing took up the whole morning
Sightseeing = seeing (the) sights 觀光
No smoking during take-off.
Take-off = taking off (飛機(jī))起飛
合成法(composition)
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的詞一起出現(xiàn),合成一個(gè)新詞的方法就稱為復(fù)合法,也叫合成法。所構(gòu)成的詞就叫復(fù)合詞或合成詞。合成詞在英語中也是比較活躍的,常見的有復(fù)合形容詞,復(fù)合名詞,復(fù)合動(dòng)詞。
復(fù)合形容詞常用做定語,有時(shí)也用做表語。如:
I have a five-year-old son. (定語)
Are you airsick? (表語)
職稱英語文章中常見的復(fù)合形容詞構(gòu)詞方法:
形容詞+名詞+ed :absent-minded, good-tempered (形容詞和其修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系e.g. absent-minded = (with) an absent mind)
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:good-looking, fine-sounding(系動(dòng)詞和表語之間的關(guān)系 e.g. good-looking= looking good)
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:hardworking, far-reaching(動(dòng)詞和修飾該動(dòng)詞的副詞之間的關(guān)系 e.g. hardworking = working hard)
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞:peace-loving(動(dòng)詞和其賓語之間的關(guān)系 e.g. peace-loving = loving peace)
名詞+表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞:state-owed, state-run(顯示被動(dòng)關(guān)系e.g. state-owed = owed by (the) state)
副詞+表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞:well-known, widespread(過去分詞和修飾該動(dòng)詞的副詞關(guān)系 e.g. well-known = known well )
形容詞+名詞:large-scale, high-class(形容詞和其修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系e.g. large-scale = (of) (a) large scale)
名詞+形容詞:duty-free(免稅的), airsick (暈飛機(jī))(名詞和與之相關(guān)的表語之間的關(guān)系(在這樣的情況下,往往表示邏輯關(guān)系的介詞會(huì)被省略掉) e.g. duty-free = (with) duty (being) free; 邏輯上的因果關(guān)系:e.g. (being) sick (of)air(plane))
以職稱英語書中用詞為例:
(Computer)In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information that they are …
名詞+過去分詞:Computer-based = based (on) computer 在計(jì)算機(jī)中使用的,計(jì)算機(jī)處理的
比較:a New York-based company 建立在紐約的公司
(Dangers Await Babies with Altitude) This is true in both high and low-income families.
形容詞+名詞Low-income = (with) low income 收入低的
(Science Fiction)Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going,…
形容詞+名詞+ed : Clear-sighted = (with) clear sight 視力好的,聰明的, 英明的
(Science Fiction) Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G.Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into ...
副詞+過去分詞: Well-known = known well 被很多人知道的,的
(The Fridge) ..busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated housed
副詞+過去分詞:Artificially-cooled = cooled artificially 人工降溫的
副詞+過去分詞:Artificially-heated = heated artificially 人工加熱的
復(fù)合名詞數(shù)量也很多,可用做主語和賓語等。一些復(fù)合名詞的構(gòu)成實(shí)際上與其相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞短語有關(guān)系, 如:
Sightseeing took up the whole morning
Sightseeing = seeing (the) sights 觀光
No smoking during take-off.
Take-off = taking off (飛機(jī))起飛