今天我們要來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)的是專業(yè)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法：have to, have got to, must not, need
在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，have to 中不定式和疑問(wèn)句式既可以按照助動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成，也可以按照行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成。
Have you to finish the work before supper?
Do you have to finish the work before supper?
have got to ?？赏琱ave to換用，但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較：
He has to report to the headquarters every two days.（例行公事，習(xí)慣動(dòng)作）
He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.（一道指示或命令，必得每天報(bào)告一次）
另外，作“有”解時(shí)，have got和have通常是可以換用的，have got更口語(yǔ)化，但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較：
The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。
The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。
must not表示禁止，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告或命令，意為“一定要，不準(zhǔn)”。因此，在回答由must引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，表示“不必，沒(méi)有必要”，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to.試比較：
You must not drive fast.你不能開(kāi)快車。（路險(xiǎn)或有速度限制）
You needn't drive fast.（時(shí)間充裕）
You must not tell others.（警告）
You needn't tell others.（沒(méi)有必要）
needs為副詞，相當(dāng)于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必須，必定，不得不”，這層意義上可以通用；但must needs還可表示“偏偏，偏要”，含有譏諷、不滿的意思，而needs must則一般無(wú)這層意思。例如：
I must needs go there now.
我現(xiàn)在非到那里去不可。（可用needs must）
Needs must when the devil drives.
情勢(shì)所迫不得不那樣。
She must needs go away when I want her.
我正需要她時(shí)，她偏偏離開(kāi)了。（不可用needs must）
The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.
我上床睡覺(jué)時(shí)偏偏有人來(lái)電話。（不可用needs must）
need指主語(yǔ)的主觀特需情況而使之必要。need既可以作助動(dòng)詞，又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接不帶to的不定式（動(dòng)詞原形），否定式為needn't.作行動(dòng)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need同別的行為動(dòng)詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接帶to的不定式，否定式要在前面加don't（doesn't, didn't），疑問(wèn)句用do (does, did) 提問(wèn)。例如：
There need be no hurry, need there?
He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)
I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)
比較：
Father sent me the book, so I didn't need to write to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來(lái)了，所以我不必為此給他寫信了。（信沒(méi)寫）
Father sent me the book, so I needn't have written to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來(lái)了，所以我本不該為此再寫信給他的。（信已寫）
She didn't need to come.她不必來(lái)的。（實(shí)際也沒(méi)來(lái)）
She needn't have come.她本來(lái)不必來(lái)的。（但卻來(lái)了）
Note:
作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，need只用于疑問(wèn)句中和否定句中，在肯定句中常用must, have to, should, ought to等。例如：
Need you do it right now? I needn't, but he must.
She doesn't need to be told. She has already known it.
（客觀情況使得告訴她沒(méi)有必要：她已經(jīng)知道）
She needn't be told. We should keep it secret from her.
（主觀上不愿告訴）
Task: 今天你的任務(wù)就是完成下面五道選擇題目。
1. You__ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.
A needn't have told B needn't tell C mustn't have told D mustn't tell
2.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __ so formally.
A need not have dressed up B must not have dressed up C did not need to dress up D must not dress up
3.We could__ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flt.
A provide B have provided C not provide D not have provided
4.He__ the 8:20 bus becasue he didn't leave home till 8:25.
A couldn't have caught B ought to have caught C shouldn't have caught D must not have caught
5."She must be in the dormitory now."
"No, she __ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago."
A mustn't B can't C couldn't D wouldn't
答案１－５A(chǔ)ABAB
在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，have to 中不定式和疑問(wèn)句式既可以按照助動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成，也可以按照行為動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成。
Have you to finish the work before supper?
Do you have to finish the work before supper?
have got to ?？赏琱ave to換用，但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較：
He has to report to the headquarters every two days.（例行公事，習(xí)慣動(dòng)作）
He has got to report to the headquarters every two days.（一道指示或命令，必得每天報(bào)告一次）
另外，作“有”解時(shí)，have got和have通常是可以換用的，have got更口語(yǔ)化，但有時(shí)表示不同的含義。比較：
The man has a blind eye.那人有一只眼瞎了。
The man has got a blue eye.那人有一只眼被打青了。
must not表示禁止，是說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告或命令，意為“一定要，不準(zhǔn)”。因此，在回答由must引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)題時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，表示“不必，沒(méi)有必要”，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to.試比較：
You must not drive fast.你不能開(kāi)快車。（路險(xiǎn)或有速度限制）
You needn't drive fast.（時(shí)間充裕）
You must not tell others.（警告）
You needn't tell others.（沒(méi)有必要）
needs為副詞，相當(dāng)于necessarily, of necessity. must needs和needs must均可表示“必須，必定，不得不”，這層意義上可以通用；但must needs還可表示“偏偏，偏要”，含有譏諷、不滿的意思，而needs must則一般無(wú)這層意思。例如：
I must needs go there now.
我現(xiàn)在非到那里去不可。（可用needs must）
Needs must when the devil drives.
情勢(shì)所迫不得不那樣。
She must needs go away when I want her.
我正需要她時(shí)，她偏偏離開(kāi)了。（不可用needs must）
The telephone must needs ring when I went to bed.
我上床睡覺(jué)時(shí)偏偏有人來(lái)電話。（不可用needs must）
need指主語(yǔ)的主觀特需情況而使之必要。need既可以作助動(dòng)詞，又可以作行為動(dòng)詞。作助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接不帶to的不定式（動(dòng)詞原形），否定式為needn't.作行動(dòng)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need同別的行為動(dòng)詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后接帶to的不定式，否定式要在前面加don't（doesn't, didn't），疑問(wèn)句用do (does, did) 提問(wèn)。例如：
There need be no hurry, need there?
He need never know. (=He never needs to know.)
I need only add a few words. (= I only need to add a few words.)
比較：
Father sent me the book, so I didn't need to write to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來(lái)了，所以我不必為此給他寫信了。（信沒(méi)寫）
Father sent me the book, so I needn't have written to him for it.
父親把那本書寄來(lái)了，所以我本不該為此再寫信給他的。（信已寫）
She didn't need to come.她不必來(lái)的。（實(shí)際也沒(méi)來(lái)）
She needn't have come.她本來(lái)不必來(lái)的。（但卻來(lái)了）
Note:
作助動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，need只用于疑問(wèn)句中和否定句中，在肯定句中常用must, have to, should, ought to等。例如：
Need you do it right now? I needn't, but he must.
She doesn't need to be told. She has already known it.
（客觀情況使得告訴她沒(méi)有必要：她已經(jīng)知道）
She needn't be told. We should keep it secret from her.
（主觀上不愿告訴）
Task: 今天你的任務(wù)就是完成下面五道選擇題目。
1. You__ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.
A needn't have told B needn't tell C mustn't have told D mustn't tell
2.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __ so formally.
A need not have dressed up B must not have dressed up C did not need to dress up D must not dress up
3.We could__ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flt.
A provide B have provided C not provide D not have provided
4.He__ the 8:20 bus becasue he didn't leave home till 8:25.
A couldn't have caught B ought to have caught C shouldn't have caught D must not have caught
5."She must be in the dormitory now."
"No, she __ be there. I saw her in the classroom a minute ago."
A mustn't B can't C couldn't D wouldn't
答案１－５A(chǔ)ABAB