Text A Heart Disease：Treat or Prevent？
本課主要詞組
1.western adj. 西方的；西部的
Westerner n. 西方人
1）The sun began to turn red on the western horizon. （太陽在西方地平線上開始變成紅色。）
2）I've just had four years in Western Nigeria.（我剛在西尼日利亞呆了四年。）
3）The impact of western technology on that country was incredible.（西方技術(shù)對那個國家的影響是難以置信的。）
4）Many Westerners eat too much food rich in sugar and fat， they may die of heart illnesses at an early age.（許多西方人吃太多高糖、高脂的食品，他們可能在年輕時就會死于心臟疾病。）
5）Westerners eat with forks and knives， while we Chinese eat with chopsticks.（西方人用刀叉吃飯，而我們中國人用筷子吃飯。）
2.alarm n. 驚恐；擔(dān)心；鬧鈴 v. frighten （使驚恐；向…報警）
alarming adj. worrying， disquieting （使人驚恐的、令人擔(dān)心的）
1）There is no cause for alarm. （不必恐慌。） 考試大自考站，你的自考專家！
2）It is necessary that you install a burglar alarm.（你有必要裝防盜警報器。）
3）They were alarmed to find the old lady dead.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太死了，大驚失色。）
4）The world's forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.（世界森林正以驚人的速度減少。）
3.surgery n. 外科，手術(shù)
surgical adj. 外科的；外科手術(shù)的
surgeon 外科醫(yī)生
1）The patient had suffered a heart attack while under going surgery.（在進(jìn)行外科手術(shù)時，那位病人心臟病發(fā)作。）
2）The doctor is doing a minor surgery on Mr. Wang's mouth.（醫(yī)生正在給王先生的口部施行小手術(shù)。）
3）Some people can have their vision restored by a surgical operation.（有些人可以通過外科手術(shù)恢復(fù)視力。）
4）He works as a brain surgeon in a hospital.（他在一家醫(yī)院做腦外科醫(yī)生。）
4.technology n. 技術(shù)，工藝
technological adj. 技術(shù)的，工藝的
1）Science has contributed much to modern technology. （科學(xué)對現(xiàn)代技術(shù)作出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。）
2）The advances in science and technology are accelerating.（科學(xué)技術(shù)正在加速發(fā)展。）
3）Our belief in the power of modern technology won't change.（我們對現(xiàn)代技術(shù)威力的信念不會改變）
4）We need to acquire adequate modern scientific and technological knowledge to meet the challenge of the 21st century.（為了迎接二十一世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要掌握足夠的現(xiàn)代科學(xué)及技術(shù)知識。）
5）They made another technological breakthrough in the field of petroleum recovering.（他們在石油開采方面又取得了技術(shù)突破。）
5.advance v.前進(jìn)；取得進(jìn)展 n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，預(yù)付
1）We have greatly advanced in our understanding of the human brain.（在對人腦的認(rèn)識方面我們已取得重大進(jìn)展。）
2）The university took every opportunity to advance its prestige.（那所大學(xué)抓住每一個機(jī)會提高自己的聲譽(yù)。）
3）The date of the meeting was advanced by two weeks.（會議的日期提前了兩周。）
4）Einstein advanced the theory of relativity.（愛因斯坦提出了相對論的理論。）
5）As autumn advanced， the old lady became worse.（秋深了，老婦人的病情變得更加糟糕。）
6）Their team has advanced to the semifinals.（他們隊已進(jìn)入半決賽。）
7）These young workers have advanced greatly in skill.（這些青工的技術(shù)已有很大提高。）
8）Material advance and spiritual enrichment should both be emphasized.（物質(zhì)進(jìn)步和精神充實都應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)。）
9）Remarkable advances have been made recently in medicine.（近來醫(yī)學(xué)方面取得了令人矚目的進(jìn)步。）
10）He arrived half an hour in advance.（他早到了半小時。）
6.enable v. 使能夠，使可能
這個動詞的用法是在其賓詞后接不定式：enable sb to do sth
1）Their help enabled the children to get home safe and sound. （他們的幫助使孩子們能安然無恙地到家。）
2）Planes enable people to travel long distances in a short time.（飛機(jī)能使人們在短時間內(nèi)做長途旅行。）
3）His early training enabled him to face everything with confidence.（他的早期訓(xùn)練使他能自信地面對一切。）
請注意區(qū)別unable和enable.unable是一個形容詞，通常用be unable to do sth.意思是“不能夠做某事?！?BR> He was unable to give us a definite answer.（他不能給我們一個明確答復(fù)。）
7.benefit n. 益處 v. 有益于；得益
beneficial adj. useful 有益的
1）Internet has brought innumerable benefits to people.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給人們帶來了無數(shù)的益處。）
2）The changes are to our benefit. （這些改變對我們有利。）
3）For the benefit of those who were not here last time， I'll go over what I said first.（為了那些上次沒來的人，我將先重復(fù)我說過的話。）
4）This policy will benefit working families.（這一政策將使職工家庭得到好處。）
5）Neither of them will benefit from the insurance company.（他們倆誰也不會從保險公司得到好處。）
6）Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the growth of the plants.（陽光和雨水有益于這些植物的生長。）
7）Fresh air is beneficial to your health.（新鮮空氣有益你的健康。）
8.disadvantage n. 不利地位，不利條件；缺點
disadvantaged 處于不利地位的； 貧困的
advantage 有利條件；優(yōu)點，好處
1）It put us under a serious disadvantage. （這使我們處于極為不利的地位。）
2）The disadvantage of this plan was that it needed more fund.（這個計劃的缺點是它需要更多的資金。）
3）Those pupils who were inattentive in class would be at a disadvantage.（那些上課不專心的小學(xué)生將會處于不利地位。）
4）It was to our disadvantage to refuse this proposal.（拒絕這個建議對我們不利。）
5）These disadvantaged families need immediate help.（這些貧困家庭急需幫助。）
6）The new system has a lot of advantages over the old one. （新系統(tǒng)與舊系統(tǒng)相比有許多優(yōu)點。）
7）It might be to your advantage to quit this job. （辭掉這份工作也許對你有利。）
8）His experience gives him the advantage over us.（他的經(jīng)驗使他比我們更有優(yōu)勢。）
9）They took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her. （他們利用她缺少商業(yè)意識來欺騙她。）
10）We must take advantage of this opportunity to practise our oral English.（我們必須利用這個良機(jī)練一練英語口語。）
9.resource n. 常用復(fù)數(shù) 資源，財力；應(yīng)付的辦法
1）The North-eastern area of China is rich in timber resources. （中國的東北地區(qū)木材資源豐富。）
2）Oil is kuwait's most important resource. （石油是科威特重要的資源。）
3）We don't have adequate human resources for this project. （我們沒有足夠的人力資源來完成這個項目。）
4）He spent all his resources on educating his only son. （他把所有的財力都花在了獨生子的教育上了。）
5）He is a man of great resource. （他是個足智多謀的人。）
6）We are now at the end of our resources.（我們現(xiàn)在正是智窮才盡。）
10. prevent v. 阻止，妨礙，預(yù)防
prevention n. 預(yù)防，妨礙
1）Nothing would prevent us from going to help them.（什么也阻止不了我們?nèi)椭麄?。?BR> 2）The rain prevented its from having the match.（那場雨使我們不能舉行比賽。）
3）This medicine will prevent you from catching cold. （這種藥可以使你預(yù)防感冒。）
4）Keeping dry is a prevention against cold. （保持干燥可以預(yù)防感冒。）
5）Prevention is better than cure. （防病勝過醫(yī)病。）
11.equip v. 配備，裝備，賦予
equipment n. 裝備，設(shè)備
1）They are going to build a park equipped with a playground， ball fields and a museum.
（他們準(zhǔn)備建造一個設(shè)有游戲場，球場和博物館的公園。）
2）Not all microscopes are equipped to do this. （不是所有的顯微鏡都能做這件事。）
3）He is equipped with a deep sense of justice. （他具有深切的正義感。）
4）This is an important piece of equipment. （這是一件重要設(shè)備。）
5）They exported a million dollars worth of electrical equipment. （他們出口了價值一百萬美元的電氣設(shè)備。）
12.emphasis n. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；重點
emphasize v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重
1）The report placed particular emphasis on the need to improve agriculture.（報告特別強(qiáng)調(diào)必須改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。）
2）Much emphasis is being placed on learning those basic skills. （對基本技能的學(xué)習(xí)正在得以強(qiáng)調(diào)。）
3）He emphasized the importance of being honest. （他強(qiáng)調(diào)誠實的重要性。）
4）John emphasized a point I had made previously.（約翰強(qiáng)調(diào)了我此前提出的一個觀點。）
13.stress n. 壓力；重音；強(qiáng)調(diào) v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；著重
1）Not all of us can cope with the stresses of modern life. （并非我們每一個人都能應(yīng)付現(xiàn)代生活的緊張。）
2）Continued stress may result in mental illnesses. （持續(xù)的緊張可能導(dǎo)致精神疾病。）
3）My parents put great stress on good manners. （我父母很強(qiáng)調(diào)要有好的行為舉止。）
4）The teacher said the stress should be on the second syllable. （老師說重音在第二個音節(jié)上。）
5）He stressed the need for better education. （他強(qiáng)調(diào)需要更好的教育。）
6）I ought to stress that this was only a trial balloon. （我應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)這只是個試飛方案。）
14.lack n./ v. 缺乏，不足，沒有
lacking adj. 缺少的
1）He abandoned his research work for lack of fund. （由于缺乏資金，他放棄了他的研究工作。）
2）There is a lock of protein in his diet.（他的飲食中蛋白質(zhì)不足。）
3）If you lack anything， please let me know.（如果你缺少什么東西，請告訴我。）
4）In any case， he doesn't lack for money.（總之，他并不缺錢。）
5）Money was lacking for the plan.（此項計劃缺錢。）
6）He is lacking in courage.（他勇氣不足。）
請注意區(qū)別short of 和lack of.short 是形容詞，而lack 是名詞。
1）We are short of hands.（我們?nèi)鄙偃耸?。?BR> We lack nothing but encouragement.（我們只缺少鼓勵。）
15.connect v. 連接
connection n. 連接，關(guān)系
1）the bridge connects the island with / to the mainland.（這座橋接連著這個島嶼與大陸。）
2）Please connect me with Shanghai.（請給我接通上海。）
3）He doesn't know anything about the connection between the moon and the tides.（他對月球與潮汐的關(guān)系一無所知。）
4）He has no connection with the criminal case.（他與那件刑事案件無關(guān)。）
16.sufficient adj 足夠的，充分的
1）The food is sufficient to feed 10 people.（這些食物足夠十個人吃。）
2）Japan has a sufficient reserve of oil.（日本有充足的石油儲備。）
請注意區(qū)別adequate，enough和sufficient.三個詞都有“足夠的”意思。 enough為一般用語，有時可與adequate互換。enough常用來表示數(shù)量或程度，不宜用于表示性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量；而adequate 既可用于描述數(shù)量或程度，也可用于描述性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量。sufficient與enough同義，前者多用于書面語。
1）Do you have enough time？
2）His income is not adequate to his needs.
We haven't sufficient time to do the work.
Unit16（第47講-第49講）
本課簡介
心臟病在西方國家已成了健康的頭號殺手，僅在英國，每天就有約400人死于心臟病。于是人們投入大量的人力、物力施行心臟手術(shù)。心 臟手術(shù)無疑使無數(shù)患者受益，但是過分強(qiáng)調(diào)對心臟病進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療則帶來了三個弊端。其一是對心臟病的預(yù)防不加重視；其二是醫(yī)療費用攀升；其三是由于有現(xiàn)成的 設(shè)備和技術(shù)，醫(yī)生們往往會給不需要動手術(shù)的病人做手術(shù)。近期的醫(yī)學(xué)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們必須對引發(fā)心臟病的因素，如壓力、抽煙、缺少體育運動等加以重視。生活方 式與心臟病之間是有聯(lián)系的，因此，人們意識到自己必須為自身的健康負(fù)責(zé)，改變飲食習(xí)慣，減輕生活壓力，減少抽煙，多多運動都是預(yù)防心臟病的有效方式。預(yù)防 心臟病比治療心臟病更重要。
本課語言點
1.One of the greatest killers in the Western World is heart disease.
請注意主謂一致的問題
A： one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時，后面的謂語用單數(shù)形式：
1）One of the longest rivers in the world is in China. （世界上長的河流之一在中國。）
2）One of the most famous circuses in East Europe is coming to China. （東歐有名的馬戲團(tuán)之一將來中國。）
3）One of the most expensive cars in the parking lot belongs to Mr. Watson.（停車場里昂貴的汽車之一是華生先生的。）
B：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句時，定語從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句中的謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
1）This is one of the best films that have released this year. （這是今年發(fā)行的佳影片之一。）
2）Mr. Wang is one of those people who are hard to deal with. （王先生屬于那種很難打交道的人。）
3）He is one of those persons who always think they are right. （他屬于那些總認(rèn)為自己正確的人。）
2.The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.
本句中的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，由has （have） been加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，主要表現(xiàn)以前這一段時間里一直在進(jìn)行的一個動作，這個動作也可能仍然在進(jìn)行，如：
1）What book have you been reading recently？ （你近在看什么書？）
2）How have you been getting on with your work？ （工作進(jìn)行得怎么樣？）
3）All these years they have been contributing articles to our newspaper. （這些年來他們一直為我們報紙寫稿。）
at an alarming speed的意思是“以驚人的速度”
1）We are driving at the speed of 60 miles an hour. （我們正以每小時60英里的速度行駛。）
2）He is running at top speed. （他正以快速度奔跑。）
3）Tom is working at it at full speed. （湯姆正在拼命地干。）
4）He found the small town changing at an astonishing speed. （他發(fā)現(xiàn)那個小城正以驚人的速度變化著。）
3.Today in Britain， for example， about four hundred people a day die of heart disease.
在英語中die of和die from都表示“死于”，這兩者之間的區(qū)別在于：
die of 通常指因疾病、情感而死。如：
1）The lady died of grief after the death of her husband. （丈夫去世后，這位女士也因哀傷而死。）
2）In that country many children died of malnutrition. （在那個國家，許多孩子死于營養(yǎng)不良。）
3）I'm dying of boredom. （我煩死了。）
4）Many sheep died of starvation in the thick snow.（許多綿羊在厚厚的積雪中餓死。）
die from 通常指死于意外的原因及不正常的原因。如：
1）My grandfather died from a heart attack.（我爺爺死于心臟病。）
2）She died from a traffic accident.（她死于一場交通事故。）
3）He is said to have died from working too hard till late every night.（據(jù)說他因每晚熬夜而勞累致死。）
4）The workman died from the explosion.（那位工人因發(fā)生爆炸而死。）
4.Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease.
首先我們看一下，spend…on 和spend … in 的區(qū)別。它們共同的意思是“把…發(fā)費在…上”。
當(dāng)spend 的賓語是金錢時，spend on 后面接名詞，spend in 后面接動名詞，in 有時可省略。
當(dāng)spend 的賓語是時間時， spend on 和 spend in 后都可接名詞或動名詞，接名詞時意思相同；接動名詞時 spend on 的含意是“把時間花在…上”， spend in 的含意是“在…上花了時間”。如：
1）He spends nearly one third of his monthly income （in） buying books.（他把每月收入的三分之一用來買書。）
2）She spent a great deal of money on the new car.（她花了許多錢買這輛新車。）
3）He doesn't spend much time on his homework.（他花在做作業(yè)上的時間不多。）
4）She spent three hours （in ）watching TV.（她看電視耗掉了三個小時。）
我們再來看一下cost，spend，pay，take的區(qū)別。
spend和pay的主語只能是人；cost的主語是物。take在接時間主語也可以是人。take和cost還可以用動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語作真實主語，而it作形式主語。
pay的搭配范圍較窄，多接金錢；cost的搭配范圍很寬，除了金錢和時間外還可以接勞力、精力、財富、健康甚至生命等。
spend 可接動名詞，而cost，pay，take只接動詞不定式。
spend，take，pay可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)；而cost不能用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
1）That bike cost me 350 yuan. （那輛自行車花了我350元。）
2）The work cost me a lot of time and effort.（這項工作花了我大量的時間和精力。）
3）Careless driving cost him his life.（粗心駕車使他喪了命。）
4）I paid him 200yuan for this painting.（我付他200元買了這幅畫。）
5）They refused to pay us the money.（他們拒絕給我們付錢。）
6）They spend all his earrings. （他掙多少花多少。）
7）They spend a lot of money on advertising.（他們花大筆的錢做廣告。）
8）Two hours a day were spent in practising.（每天花兩個小時進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。）
9）The work took us a week to finish.（我們花了一星期的時間完成這項工作。）
10）It takes him an hour to finish his homework every day.（他每天要用一小時完成作業(yè)。）
5.This emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past 10 to 15 years.
在emphasis的后面通常接介詞on，常用于搭配使用的動詞有place，put，lay等 ，如：
He places （puts，lays） great emphasis on education. 他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要。）
associate with 意思是“使…聯(lián)系在一起”，“交往”。
1）We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.（我們很自然地把達(dá)爾文的名字和進(jìn)化論聯(lián)系在一起。）
2）They were closely associated with each other during the war.（戰(zhàn)爭期間，他們之間關(guān)系密切。）
3）Rain fall is associated with humidity.（下雨與濕度有關(guān)。）
4）They prefer to associate with young people.（他們更喜歡與年輕人交往。）
6.…modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques and procedures.
請注意本句中的enable 是動詞，其用法是 enable sb. to do sth. 在詞匯部分我們已有詳細(xì)講解，再請看兩個例句：
1）His patience enabled him to make the child tell him the truth. （他的耐心使他能讓那孩子對他說實話。）
2）His efficiency enabled him to finish the work a head of schedule. （他的高效率使他能提前完成這項工作。）
7.…it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise.
本句中cause用作動詞，cause sb. to do sth. （使某人做某事），cause sth. to happen （使某事發(fā)生），如：
1）What caused you to change your mind？（什么使你改變了主意？）
2）What caused the boat of turn over？ （是什么致使翻船？）
1）His laziness caused him to fall behind others.（他的懶惰使他落在了別人后面。）
句中的cost 不是動詞，而是個名詞，意思是“費用、開銷”。
1）The price is high because production costs are very great. （價格昂貴，因為生產(chǎn)成本極大。）
2）There is no way to reduce the living cost.（沒有辦法降低生活費用。）
8.After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery， they must try to recover the money they have spent.
本句中的equipment 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能在后面加s.equipment后面的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。
1）The modern equipment enables them to double their production.（現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備使他們能把產(chǎn)量翻倍。）
2）They decided to buy some new equipment.（他們決定購買新設(shè)備。）
3）Advanced equipment is necessary for this work.（干這個活需要先進(jìn)的設(shè)備。）
還請注意，recover 在本句中的意思是get back（回收）。
1）We must try to recover lost time.（我們必須設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)失去的時間。）
2）They recovered increased costs through higher prices.（他們通過提高價格來補(bǔ)償上漲的成本。）
9.In the past， people tended to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be relied on to know exactly what to do when they became ill.
That引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句。在這個賓語從句中，it 做形式主語，真正的主語是to have a good doctor. Who引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，修飾doctor.what to do 做know的賓語。這句話的意思是，“過去，人們往往認(rèn)為有個可以信賴的好醫(yī)生就足以使他們有好身體，因為這個醫(yī)生知道在他們生病時究竟該做什么?！?BR> 本課主要詞組
1.at an alarming speed
2.die of
3.spend money on
4.emphasis on
5.associate with
6.take place
7.enable sb. to do sth.
8.increase in
9.benefit from
10. point out
11.cause…to…
12.be encouraged to do sth.
13.not at all
14.pay attention to
15.as a result
16.rely on
17.take responsibility for
18.succeed in
19.take up
20. be aware of
21.instead of
22.decrease in
Text B Dieting Your Way to Health
短語表達(dá)
1.consider doing sth.
He is considering changing his present job.
Have you ever considered moving to the suburb？
2.go on a diet
She decided to go on a diet to keep her weight down.
The doctor suggested that he should go on a diet to lose some weight.
3.sometime
I remember meeting him sometime two years ago.
I believe we will meet again sometime in the future.
4.regardless of
He went to see the old lady every week regardless of wind or rain.
These pineapples are sold for the same price regardless of their size.
5.have…in common
The twin brothers had no interests in common.
6.do harm to
Excessive drinking and smoking will do harm to your health.
His lies will surely do harm to his integrity.
7.slow down
It is dangerous for you to drive so fast. Please slow down.
I have to persuade my father to slow down a bit. He has been too busy recently.
8.convert to
The food we eat is converted into energy.
After Einstein finished using the tube of shaving cream， he reverted to using plain water.
9.lose interest in
If you don't encourage him he will soon lose interest in this project.
He said he had long lost interest in playing video games.
10. go on
He was not aware of what was going on around him.
It is so noisy outside. What is going on？
11.resistance to
The doctor did not expect he would have resistance to this antibiotic.
This child's resistance to illness is too low.
12.be essential
English is essential for his diplomatic work.
Regular exercise is essential for his recovery.
13.have difficulty doing sth.
He had difficulty making himself understood.
The young man had difficulty in reading these technical drawings.
14.suffer from
Some people suffer from heart illness at an early age.
He is suffering from breath difficulty.
15.take the place of
Who is going to take the place of Miss Li when she is away？
Artificial sweeteners are recommended to take the place of sugar and other natural sweeteners.
16.lead to
His explanation led to great confusion.
17.result in
The workers' strike resulted in the management yielding to their demand.
His lack of business sense resulted in his bankruptcy.
18.provide sb. with sth.
They will be provided with all the daily necessities.
Nature provides the wild animals with the necessary safeguards.
19.substitute for
There is no substitute for good food and exercise.
He substituted for the worker who was ill.
本課主要詞組
1.western adj. 西方的；西部的
Westerner n. 西方人
1）The sun began to turn red on the western horizon. （太陽在西方地平線上開始變成紅色。）
2）I've just had four years in Western Nigeria.（我剛在西尼日利亞呆了四年。）
3）The impact of western technology on that country was incredible.（西方技術(shù)對那個國家的影響是難以置信的。）
4）Many Westerners eat too much food rich in sugar and fat， they may die of heart illnesses at an early age.（許多西方人吃太多高糖、高脂的食品，他們可能在年輕時就會死于心臟疾病。）
5）Westerners eat with forks and knives， while we Chinese eat with chopsticks.（西方人用刀叉吃飯，而我們中國人用筷子吃飯。）
2.alarm n. 驚恐；擔(dān)心；鬧鈴 v. frighten （使驚恐；向…報警）
alarming adj. worrying， disquieting （使人驚恐的、令人擔(dān)心的）
1）There is no cause for alarm. （不必恐慌。） 考試大自考站，你的自考專家！
2）It is necessary that you install a burglar alarm.（你有必要裝防盜警報器。）
3）They were alarmed to find the old lady dead.（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太死了，大驚失色。）
4）The world's forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.（世界森林正以驚人的速度減少。）
3.surgery n. 外科，手術(shù)
surgical adj. 外科的；外科手術(shù)的
surgeon 外科醫(yī)生
1）The patient had suffered a heart attack while under going surgery.（在進(jìn)行外科手術(shù)時，那位病人心臟病發(fā)作。）
2）The doctor is doing a minor surgery on Mr. Wang's mouth.（醫(yī)生正在給王先生的口部施行小手術(shù)。）
3）Some people can have their vision restored by a surgical operation.（有些人可以通過外科手術(shù)恢復(fù)視力。）
4）He works as a brain surgeon in a hospital.（他在一家醫(yī)院做腦外科醫(yī)生。）
4.technology n. 技術(shù)，工藝
technological adj. 技術(shù)的，工藝的
1）Science has contributed much to modern technology. （科學(xué)對現(xiàn)代技術(shù)作出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。）
2）The advances in science and technology are accelerating.（科學(xué)技術(shù)正在加速發(fā)展。）
3）Our belief in the power of modern technology won't change.（我們對現(xiàn)代技術(shù)威力的信念不會改變）
4）We need to acquire adequate modern scientific and technological knowledge to meet the challenge of the 21st century.（為了迎接二十一世紀(jì)的挑戰(zhàn)，我們需要掌握足夠的現(xiàn)代科學(xué)及技術(shù)知識。）
5）They made another technological breakthrough in the field of petroleum recovering.（他們在石油開采方面又取得了技術(shù)突破。）
5.advance v.前進(jìn)；取得進(jìn)展 n. 前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，預(yù)付
1）We have greatly advanced in our understanding of the human brain.（在對人腦的認(rèn)識方面我們已取得重大進(jìn)展。）
2）The university took every opportunity to advance its prestige.（那所大學(xué)抓住每一個機(jī)會提高自己的聲譽(yù)。）
3）The date of the meeting was advanced by two weeks.（會議的日期提前了兩周。）
4）Einstein advanced the theory of relativity.（愛因斯坦提出了相對論的理論。）
5）As autumn advanced， the old lady became worse.（秋深了，老婦人的病情變得更加糟糕。）
6）Their team has advanced to the semifinals.（他們隊已進(jìn)入半決賽。）
7）These young workers have advanced greatly in skill.（這些青工的技術(shù)已有很大提高。）
8）Material advance and spiritual enrichment should both be emphasized.（物質(zhì)進(jìn)步和精神充實都應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)。）
9）Remarkable advances have been made recently in medicine.（近來醫(yī)學(xué)方面取得了令人矚目的進(jìn)步。）
10）He arrived half an hour in advance.（他早到了半小時。）
6.enable v. 使能夠，使可能
這個動詞的用法是在其賓詞后接不定式：enable sb to do sth
1）Their help enabled the children to get home safe and sound. （他們的幫助使孩子們能安然無恙地到家。）
2）Planes enable people to travel long distances in a short time.（飛機(jī)能使人們在短時間內(nèi)做長途旅行。）
3）His early training enabled him to face everything with confidence.（他的早期訓(xùn)練使他能自信地面對一切。）
請注意區(qū)別unable和enable.unable是一個形容詞，通常用be unable to do sth.意思是“不能夠做某事?！?BR> He was unable to give us a definite answer.（他不能給我們一個明確答復(fù)。）
7.benefit n. 益處 v. 有益于；得益
beneficial adj. useful 有益的
1）Internet has brought innumerable benefits to people.（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)給人們帶來了無數(shù)的益處。）
2）The changes are to our benefit. （這些改變對我們有利。）
3）For the benefit of those who were not here last time， I'll go over what I said first.（為了那些上次沒來的人，我將先重復(fù)我說過的話。）
4）This policy will benefit working families.（這一政策將使職工家庭得到好處。）
5）Neither of them will benefit from the insurance company.（他們倆誰也不會從保險公司得到好處。）
6）Sunshine and rain are beneficial to the growth of the plants.（陽光和雨水有益于這些植物的生長。）
7）Fresh air is beneficial to your health.（新鮮空氣有益你的健康。）
8.disadvantage n. 不利地位，不利條件；缺點
disadvantaged 處于不利地位的； 貧困的
advantage 有利條件；優(yōu)點，好處
1）It put us under a serious disadvantage. （這使我們處于極為不利的地位。）
2）The disadvantage of this plan was that it needed more fund.（這個計劃的缺點是它需要更多的資金。）
3）Those pupils who were inattentive in class would be at a disadvantage.（那些上課不專心的小學(xué)生將會處于不利地位。）
4）It was to our disadvantage to refuse this proposal.（拒絕這個建議對我們不利。）
5）These disadvantaged families need immediate help.（這些貧困家庭急需幫助。）
6）The new system has a lot of advantages over the old one. （新系統(tǒng)與舊系統(tǒng)相比有許多優(yōu)點。）
7）It might be to your advantage to quit this job. （辭掉這份工作也許對你有利。）
8）His experience gives him the advantage over us.（他的經(jīng)驗使他比我們更有優(yōu)勢。）
9）They took advantage of her lack of business sense to cheat her. （他們利用她缺少商業(yè)意識來欺騙她。）
10）We must take advantage of this opportunity to practise our oral English.（我們必須利用這個良機(jī)練一練英語口語。）
9.resource n. 常用復(fù)數(shù) 資源，財力；應(yīng)付的辦法
1）The North-eastern area of China is rich in timber resources. （中國的東北地區(qū)木材資源豐富。）
2）Oil is kuwait's most important resource. （石油是科威特重要的資源。）
3）We don't have adequate human resources for this project. （我們沒有足夠的人力資源來完成這個項目。）
4）He spent all his resources on educating his only son. （他把所有的財力都花在了獨生子的教育上了。）
5）He is a man of great resource. （他是個足智多謀的人。）
6）We are now at the end of our resources.（我們現(xiàn)在正是智窮才盡。）
10. prevent v. 阻止，妨礙，預(yù)防
prevention n. 預(yù)防，妨礙
1）Nothing would prevent us from going to help them.（什么也阻止不了我們?nèi)椭麄?。?BR> 2）The rain prevented its from having the match.（那場雨使我們不能舉行比賽。）
3）This medicine will prevent you from catching cold. （這種藥可以使你預(yù)防感冒。）
4）Keeping dry is a prevention against cold. （保持干燥可以預(yù)防感冒。）
5）Prevention is better than cure. （防病勝過醫(yī)病。）
11.equip v. 配備，裝備，賦予
equipment n. 裝備，設(shè)備
1）They are going to build a park equipped with a playground， ball fields and a museum.
（他們準(zhǔn)備建造一個設(shè)有游戲場，球場和博物館的公園。）
2）Not all microscopes are equipped to do this. （不是所有的顯微鏡都能做這件事。）
3）He is equipped with a deep sense of justice. （他具有深切的正義感。）
4）This is an important piece of equipment. （這是一件重要設(shè)備。）
5）They exported a million dollars worth of electrical equipment. （他們出口了價值一百萬美元的電氣設(shè)備。）
12.emphasis n. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；重點
emphasize v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重
1）The report placed particular emphasis on the need to improve agriculture.（報告特別強(qiáng)調(diào)必須改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。）
2）Much emphasis is being placed on learning those basic skills. （對基本技能的學(xué)習(xí)正在得以強(qiáng)調(diào)。）
3）He emphasized the importance of being honest. （他強(qiáng)調(diào)誠實的重要性。）
4）John emphasized a point I had made previously.（約翰強(qiáng)調(diào)了我此前提出的一個觀點。）
13.stress n. 壓力；重音；強(qiáng)調(diào) v. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；著重
1）Not all of us can cope with the stresses of modern life. （并非我們每一個人都能應(yīng)付現(xiàn)代生活的緊張。）
2）Continued stress may result in mental illnesses. （持續(xù)的緊張可能導(dǎo)致精神疾病。）
3）My parents put great stress on good manners. （我父母很強(qiáng)調(diào)要有好的行為舉止。）
4）The teacher said the stress should be on the second syllable. （老師說重音在第二個音節(jié)上。）
5）He stressed the need for better education. （他強(qiáng)調(diào)需要更好的教育。）
6）I ought to stress that this was only a trial balloon. （我應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)這只是個試飛方案。）
14.lack n./ v. 缺乏，不足，沒有
lacking adj. 缺少的
1）He abandoned his research work for lack of fund. （由于缺乏資金，他放棄了他的研究工作。）
2）There is a lock of protein in his diet.（他的飲食中蛋白質(zhì)不足。）
3）If you lack anything， please let me know.（如果你缺少什么東西，請告訴我。）
4）In any case， he doesn't lack for money.（總之，他并不缺錢。）
5）Money was lacking for the plan.（此項計劃缺錢。）
6）He is lacking in courage.（他勇氣不足。）
請注意區(qū)別short of 和lack of.short 是形容詞，而lack 是名詞。
1）We are short of hands.（我們?nèi)鄙偃耸?。?BR> We lack nothing but encouragement.（我們只缺少鼓勵。）
15.connect v. 連接
connection n. 連接，關(guān)系
1）the bridge connects the island with / to the mainland.（這座橋接連著這個島嶼與大陸。）
2）Please connect me with Shanghai.（請給我接通上海。）
3）He doesn't know anything about the connection between the moon and the tides.（他對月球與潮汐的關(guān)系一無所知。）
4）He has no connection with the criminal case.（他與那件刑事案件無關(guān)。）
16.sufficient adj 足夠的，充分的
1）The food is sufficient to feed 10 people.（這些食物足夠十個人吃。）
2）Japan has a sufficient reserve of oil.（日本有充足的石油儲備。）
請注意區(qū)別adequate，enough和sufficient.三個詞都有“足夠的”意思。 enough為一般用語，有時可與adequate互換。enough常用來表示數(shù)量或程度，不宜用于表示性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量；而adequate 既可用于描述數(shù)量或程度，也可用于描述性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量。sufficient與enough同義，前者多用于書面語。
1）Do you have enough time？
2）His income is not adequate to his needs.
We haven't sufficient time to do the work.
Unit16（第47講-第49講）
本課簡介
心臟病在西方國家已成了健康的頭號殺手，僅在英國，每天就有約400人死于心臟病。于是人們投入大量的人力、物力施行心臟手術(shù)。心 臟手術(shù)無疑使無數(shù)患者受益，但是過分強(qiáng)調(diào)對心臟病進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療則帶來了三個弊端。其一是對心臟病的預(yù)防不加重視；其二是醫(yī)療費用攀升；其三是由于有現(xiàn)成的 設(shè)備和技術(shù)，醫(yī)生們往往會給不需要動手術(shù)的病人做手術(shù)。近期的醫(yī)學(xué)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們必須對引發(fā)心臟病的因素，如壓力、抽煙、缺少體育運動等加以重視。生活方 式與心臟病之間是有聯(lián)系的，因此，人們意識到自己必須為自身的健康負(fù)責(zé)，改變飲食習(xí)慣，減輕生活壓力，減少抽煙，多多運動都是預(yù)防心臟病的有效方式。預(yù)防 心臟病比治療心臟病更重要。
本課語言點
1.One of the greatest killers in the Western World is heart disease.
請注意主謂一致的問題
A： one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時，后面的謂語用單數(shù)形式：
1）One of the longest rivers in the world is in China. （世界上長的河流之一在中國。）
2）One of the most famous circuses in East Europe is coming to China. （東歐有名的馬戲團(tuán)之一將來中國。）
3）One of the most expensive cars in the parking lot belongs to Mr. Watson.（停車場里昂貴的汽車之一是華生先生的。）
B：one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句時，定語從句一般被看作修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句中的謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：
1）This is one of the best films that have released this year. （這是今年發(fā)行的佳影片之一。）
2）Mr. Wang is one of those people who are hard to deal with. （王先生屬于那種很難打交道的人。）
3）He is one of those persons who always think they are right. （他屬于那些總認(rèn)為自己正確的人。）
2.The death rate from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.
本句中的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，由has （have） been加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成，主要表現(xiàn)以前這一段時間里一直在進(jìn)行的一個動作，這個動作也可能仍然在進(jìn)行，如：
1）What book have you been reading recently？ （你近在看什么書？）
2）How have you been getting on with your work？ （工作進(jìn)行得怎么樣？）
3）All these years they have been contributing articles to our newspaper. （這些年來他們一直為我們報紙寫稿。）
at an alarming speed的意思是“以驚人的速度”
1）We are driving at the speed of 60 miles an hour. （我們正以每小時60英里的速度行駛。）
2）He is running at top speed. （他正以快速度奔跑。）
3）Tom is working at it at full speed. （湯姆正在拼命地干。）
4）He found the small town changing at an astonishing speed. （他發(fā)現(xiàn)那個小城正以驚人的速度變化著。）
3.Today in Britain， for example， about four hundred people a day die of heart disease.
在英語中die of和die from都表示“死于”，這兩者之間的區(qū)別在于：
die of 通常指因疾病、情感而死。如：
1）The lady died of grief after the death of her husband. （丈夫去世后，這位女士也因哀傷而死。）
2）In that country many children died of malnutrition. （在那個國家，許多孩子死于營養(yǎng)不良。）
3）I'm dying of boredom. （我煩死了。）
4）Many sheep died of starvation in the thick snow.（許多綿羊在厚厚的積雪中餓死。）
die from 通常指死于意外的原因及不正常的原因。如：
1）My grandfather died from a heart attack.（我爺爺死于心臟病。）
2）She died from a traffic accident.（她死于一場交通事故。）
3）He is said to have died from working too hard till late every night.（據(jù)說他因每晚熬夜而勞累致死。）
4）The workman died from the explosion.（那位工人因發(fā)生爆炸而死。）
4.Western health-care systems are spending huge sums of money on the surgical treatment of the disease.
首先我們看一下，spend…on 和spend … in 的區(qū)別。它們共同的意思是“把…發(fā)費在…上”。
當(dāng)spend 的賓語是金錢時，spend on 后面接名詞，spend in 后面接動名詞，in 有時可省略。
當(dāng)spend 的賓語是時間時， spend on 和 spend in 后都可接名詞或動名詞，接名詞時意思相同；接動名詞時 spend on 的含意是“把時間花在…上”， spend in 的含意是“在…上花了時間”。如：
1）He spends nearly one third of his monthly income （in） buying books.（他把每月收入的三分之一用來買書。）
2）She spent a great deal of money on the new car.（她花了許多錢買這輛新車。）
3）He doesn't spend much time on his homework.（他花在做作業(yè)上的時間不多。）
4）She spent three hours （in ）watching TV.（她看電視耗掉了三個小時。）
我們再來看一下cost，spend，pay，take的區(qū)別。
spend和pay的主語只能是人；cost的主語是物。take在接時間主語也可以是人。take和cost還可以用動詞不定式或動詞不定式短語作真實主語，而it作形式主語。
pay的搭配范圍較窄，多接金錢；cost的搭配范圍很寬，除了金錢和時間外還可以接勞力、精力、財富、健康甚至生命等。
spend 可接動名詞，而cost，pay，take只接動詞不定式。
spend，take，pay可用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)；而cost不能用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)。
1）That bike cost me 350 yuan. （那輛自行車花了我350元。）
2）The work cost me a lot of time and effort.（這項工作花了我大量的時間和精力。）
3）Careless driving cost him his life.（粗心駕車使他喪了命。）
4）I paid him 200yuan for this painting.（我付他200元買了這幅畫。）
5）They refused to pay us the money.（他們拒絕給我們付錢。）
6）They spend all his earrings. （他掙多少花多少。）
7）They spend a lot of money on advertising.（他們花大筆的錢做廣告。）
8）Two hours a day were spent in practising.（每天花兩個小時進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。）
9）The work took us a week to finish.（我們花了一星期的時間完成這項工作。）
10）It takes him an hour to finish his homework every day.（他每天要用一小時完成作業(yè)。）
5.This emphasis on treatment is clearly associated with the technological advances that have taken place in the past 10 to 15 years.
在emphasis的后面通常接介詞on，常用于搭配使用的動詞有place，put，lay等 ，如：
He places （puts，lays） great emphasis on education. 他特別強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的重要。）
associate with 意思是“使…聯(lián)系在一起”，“交往”。
1）We naturally associate the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.（我們很自然地把達(dá)爾文的名字和進(jìn)化論聯(lián)系在一起。）
2）They were closely associated with each other during the war.（戰(zhàn)爭期間，他們之間關(guān)系密切。）
3）Rain fall is associated with humidity.（下雨與濕度有關(guān)。）
4）They prefer to associate with young people.（他們更喜歡與年輕人交往。）
6.…modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques and procedures.
請注意本句中的enable 是動詞，其用法是 enable sb. to do sth. 在詞匯部分我們已有詳細(xì)講解，再請看兩個例句：
1）His patience enabled him to make the child tell him the truth. （他的耐心使他能讓那孩子對他說實話。）
2）His efficiency enabled him to finish the work a head of schedule. （他的高效率使他能提前完成這項工作。）
7.…it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise.
本句中cause用作動詞，cause sb. to do sth. （使某人做某事），cause sth. to happen （使某事發(fā)生），如：
1）What caused you to change your mind？（什么使你改變了主意？）
2）What caused the boat of turn over？ （是什么致使翻船？）
1）His laziness caused him to fall behind others.（他的懶惰使他落在了別人后面。）
句中的cost 不是動詞，而是個名詞，意思是“費用、開銷”。
1）The price is high because production costs are very great. （價格昂貴，因為生產(chǎn)成本極大。）
2）There is no way to reduce the living cost.（沒有辦法降低生活費用。）
8.After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery， they must try to recover the money they have spent.
本句中的equipment 是不可數(shù)名詞，不能在后面加s.equipment后面的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。
1）The modern equipment enables them to double their production.（現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備使他們能把產(chǎn)量翻倍。）
2）They decided to buy some new equipment.（他們決定購買新設(shè)備。）
3）Advanced equipment is necessary for this work.（干這個活需要先進(jìn)的設(shè)備。）
還請注意，recover 在本句中的意思是get back（回收）。
1）We must try to recover lost time.（我們必須設(shè)法彌補(bǔ)失去的時間。）
2）They recovered increased costs through higher prices.（他們通過提高價格來補(bǔ)償上漲的成本。）
9.In the past， people tended to think that it was sufficient for good health to have a good doctor who could be relied on to know exactly what to do when they became ill.
That引導(dǎo)的是一個賓語從句。在這個賓語從句中，it 做形式主語，真正的主語是to have a good doctor. Who引導(dǎo)的是一個定語從句，修飾doctor.what to do 做know的賓語。這句話的意思是，“過去，人們往往認(rèn)為有個可以信賴的好醫(yī)生就足以使他們有好身體，因為這個醫(yī)生知道在他們生病時究竟該做什么?！?BR> 本課主要詞組
1.at an alarming speed
2.die of
3.spend money on
4.emphasis on
5.associate with
6.take place
7.enable sb. to do sth.
8.increase in
9.benefit from
10. point out
11.cause…to…
12.be encouraged to do sth.
13.not at all
14.pay attention to
15.as a result
16.rely on
17.take responsibility for
18.succeed in
19.take up
20. be aware of
21.instead of
22.decrease in
Text B Dieting Your Way to Health
短語表達(dá)
1.consider doing sth.
He is considering changing his present job.
Have you ever considered moving to the suburb？
2.go on a diet
She decided to go on a diet to keep her weight down.
The doctor suggested that he should go on a diet to lose some weight.
3.sometime
I remember meeting him sometime two years ago.
I believe we will meet again sometime in the future.
4.regardless of
He went to see the old lady every week regardless of wind or rain.
These pineapples are sold for the same price regardless of their size.
5.have…in common
The twin brothers had no interests in common.
6.do harm to
Excessive drinking and smoking will do harm to your health.
His lies will surely do harm to his integrity.
7.slow down
It is dangerous for you to drive so fast. Please slow down.
I have to persuade my father to slow down a bit. He has been too busy recently.
8.convert to
The food we eat is converted into energy.
After Einstein finished using the tube of shaving cream， he reverted to using plain water.
9.lose interest in
If you don't encourage him he will soon lose interest in this project.
He said he had long lost interest in playing video games.
10. go on
He was not aware of what was going on around him.
It is so noisy outside. What is going on？
11.resistance to
The doctor did not expect he would have resistance to this antibiotic.
This child's resistance to illness is too low.
12.be essential
English is essential for his diplomatic work.
Regular exercise is essential for his recovery.
13.have difficulty doing sth.
He had difficulty making himself understood.
The young man had difficulty in reading these technical drawings.
14.suffer from
Some people suffer from heart illness at an early age.
He is suffering from breath difficulty.
15.take the place of
Who is going to take the place of Miss Li when she is away？
Artificial sweeteners are recommended to take the place of sugar and other natural sweeteners.
16.lead to
His explanation led to great confusion.
17.result in
The workers' strike resulted in the management yielding to their demand.
His lack of business sense resulted in his bankruptcy.
18.provide sb. with sth.
They will be provided with all the daily necessities.
Nature provides the wild animals with the necessary safeguards.
19.substitute for
There is no substitute for good food and exercise.
He substituted for the worker who was ill.